{"id":6898,"url":"https://github.com/trinib/Linux-Bash-Commands","name":"Linux-Bash-Commands","description":":godmode: Ultimate list of Linux bash commands, cheatsheets and resources","projects_count":40,"last_synced_at":"2026-06-15T01:00:25.185Z","repository":{"id":62747884,"uuid":"562011743","full_name":"trinib/Linux-Bash-Commands","owner":"trinib","description":":godmode: Ultimate list of Linux bash commands, cheatsheets and 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(text editor)"],"sub_categories":["Offline usage \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/chubin/cheat.sh#installation\"\u003einstall\u003c/a\u003e cheat script manually\u003cbr\u003e","Usage (Online)","Conditional Statements"],"readme":"\u003cp align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cimg src=\"https://img.shields.io/badge/Linux-FCC624?style=for-the-badge\u0026logo=linux\u0026logoColor=blue\" height=21 width=80\u003e\n \u003cimg src=\"https://badges.frapsoft.com/bash/v1/bash.png?v=103)](https://github.com/ellerbrock/open-source-badges\"\u003e\n \u003cimg src=\"https://img.shields.io/badge/shell_script-%23121011.svg?style=for-the-badge\u0026logo=gnu-bash\u0026logoColor=white\" height=22 width=110\u003e\n\n# Ultimate List of Linux bash commands\n\n_Bash is the [Unix](https://www.google.com/search?q=What+is+UNIX+explain%3F\u0026client=firefox-b-d\u0026sxsrf=ALiCzsZmYtgn9ctD5vHAqgVFkM5tZ514pw%3A1667926333803\u0026ei=PYlqY6XIMNmNwbkPqeK3qAo\u0026ved=0ahUKEwjl2ozlhZ_7AhXZRjABHSnxDaUQ4dUDCA4\u0026uact=5\u0026oq=What+is+UNIX+explain%3F\u0026gs_lcp=Cgxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAQAzIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABDIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjIFCAAQhgMyBQgAEIYDMgUIABCGAzIFCAAQhgM6CggAEEcQ1gQQsAM6BwgAELADEENKBAhNGAFKBAhBGABKBAhGGABQnAFYnAFgvwNoAXABeACAAa0BiAGtAZIBAzAuMZgBAKABAqABAcgBCsABAQ\u0026sclient=gws-wiz-serp) command-line interface (CLI). Also called the terminal, the command line, or the shell. It's a command language that allows us to work with files on our computers in a way that's far more efficient and powerful than using a GUI (graphical user interface)._\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\u003csummary\u003e\u003cb\u003eA to Z command list \u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Tarikul-Islam-Anik/Telegram-Animated-Emojis/main/Objects/Books.webp\" alt=\"Books\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/summary\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n\n\u003e **Note** 💡\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003e Use `Ctrl+f` to search keywords in desktop browsers, for mobile go to `menu \u003e find in page`.\n  \n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eTable\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n#### │  [A](#-a)  │  [B](#-b)  │  [C](#-c)  │  [D](#-d)  │  [E](#-e)  │  [F](#-f)  │  [G](#-g)  │  [H](#-h)  │  [I](#-i)  │  [J](#-j)  │  [K](#-k)  │  [L](#-l)  │  [M](#-m)  │  [N](#-n)  │  [O](#-o)  │  [P](#-p)  │  [Q](#-q)  │  [R](#-r)  │  [S](#-s)  │  [T](#-t)  │  [U](#-u)  │  [V](#-v)  │  [W](#-w)  │  [X](#-x)  │  [Y](#-y)  │  [Z](#-z)  │  \n  \n\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e A\u003c/h2\u003e\n  \n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaccept\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAccept or Reject jobs to a destination, such as a printer.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaccess\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCheck a user’s RWX(read, write and execute) permission for a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaccton\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003e\tUsed to turn on or turn off the process for accounting or change info process accounting file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaclocal\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to automatically generate aclocal.m4 files from configure.in file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaconnect\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eALSA(Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) sequencer connection manager.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eacpi\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow information about the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eacpi_available\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCheck if ACPI(Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) functionality exists on the system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eacpid\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eInforms user-space programs about ACPI events.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaddr2line\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to convert addresses into file names and line numbers.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaddresses\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFormats for internet mail addresses.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eagetty\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn alternative Linux Getty that manages physical or virtual terminals to allow multi-user access\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ealias\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate an alias, a shortcut that references a command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ealsactl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAccess advanced controls for ALSA soundcard driver.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eamidi\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePerform read/write operation for ALSA RawMIDI ports.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eamixer\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAccess CLI-based mixer for ALSA soundcard driver.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eanacron\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to run commands periodically.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaplay\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSound recorder and player for CLI.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaplaymidi\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCLI utility used to play MIDI files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eapm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow Advanced Power Management (APM) hardware info on older systems.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eapmd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to handle events reported by APM BIOS drivers.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eapropos\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the list of all man pages containing a specific keyword.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eapt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAdvanced Package Tool, a package management system for Debian and derivatives.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eapt-get\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand-line utility to install/remove/update packages based on APT system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaptitude\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAnother utility to add/remove/upgrade packages based on the APT system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ear\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA utility to create/modify/extract from archives.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003earch\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay print machine hardware name.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003earecord\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eJust like aplay, it’s a sound recorder and player for ALSA soundcard driver.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003earecordmidi\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRecord standard MIDI files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003earp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to make changes to the system’s ARP cache.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eas\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA portable GNU assembler.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003easpell\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn interactive spell checker utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to schedule command execution at specified date \u0026amp; time, reading commands from an input file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eatd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to execute jobs queued by the at command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eatq\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eList a user’s pending jobs for the at command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eatrm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDelete jobs queued by the at command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaudiosend\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to send an audio recording as an email.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eaumix\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn audio mixer utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eautoconf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGenerate configuration scripts from a TEMPLATE-FILE and send the output to standard output.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eautoheader\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate a template header for configure.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eautomake\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreates GNU standards-compliant Makefiles from template files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eautoreconf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUpdate generated configuration files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eautoscan\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGenerate a preliminary configure.in file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eautoupdate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUpdate a configure.in file to newer autoconf.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eawk\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA scripting language used for manipulating data and generating reports. Also used to find and replace text in a file(s).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e B\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebadblocks\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSearch a disk partition for bad sectors.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebanner\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to print characters as a poster.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebasename\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to display filenames with directory or suffix.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebash\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGNU Bourne-Again Shell.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebatch\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to run commands entered on a standard input.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAccess the GNU bc calculator utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebg\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSend processes to the background.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebiff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eNotify about incoming mail and sender’s name on a system running comsat server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebind\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to attach a name to a socket.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebison\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA GNU parser generator, compatible with yacc.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebreak\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to exit from a loop (eg: for, while, select).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebuiltin\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to run shell builtin commands, make custom functions for commands extending their functionality.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebzcmp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to call the cmp program forbzip2 compressed files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebzdiff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to call the diff program for bzip2 compressed files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebzgrep\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to call grep for bzip2 compressed files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebzip2\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA block-sorting file compressor used to shrink given files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebzless\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to apply ‘less’ (show info one page at a time) to bzip2 compressed files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ebzmore\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to apply ‘more’ (an inferior version of less) to bzip2 compressed files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e C\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecal\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow calendar.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecardctl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to control PCMCIA sockets and select configuration schemes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecardmgr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eKeeps an eye on the added/removes sockets for PCMCIA devices.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecase\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExecute a command conditionally by matching a pattern.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to concatenate files and print them on the screen.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGNU C and C++ compiler.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eccrypt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed for encryption and decryption of data.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to change directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecdda2wav\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to rip a CD-ROM and make WAV file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecdparanoia\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRecord audio from CD more reliably using data-verification algorithms.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecdrdao\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to write all the content specified to a file to a CD all at once.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecdrecord\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to record data or audio compact discs.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecfdisk\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow or change the disk partition table.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echage\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to change user password information.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echattr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to change file attributes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echdir\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to change active working directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echfn\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to change real user name and information.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echgrp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to change group ownership for file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echkconfig\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eManage execution of runlevel services.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echmod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange access permission for a file(s).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echown\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange the owner or group for a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echpasswd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUpdate password in a batch.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echroot\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRun a command with root directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echrt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAlter process attributed in real-time.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echsh\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSwitch login shell.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003echvt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange foreground virtual terminal.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecksum\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePerform a CRC checksum for files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eclear\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to clear the terminal window.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecmp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCompare two files (byte by byte).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecol\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFilter reverse (and half-reverse) line feeds from the input.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecolcrt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFilter nroff output for CRT previewing.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecolrm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemove columns from the lines of a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecolumn\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA utility that formats its input into columns.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecomm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to compare two sorted files line by line.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecommand\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to execute a command with arguments ignoring shell function named command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecompress\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to compress one or more file(s) and replacing the originals ones.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003econtinue\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eResume the next iteration of a loop.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCopy contents of one file to another.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecpio\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCopy files from and to archives.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecpp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGNU C language processor.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecron\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA daemon to execute scheduled commands.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecrond\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSame work as cron.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecrontab\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eManage crontab files (containing schedules commands) for users.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecsplit\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSplit a file into sections on the basis of context lines.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ectags\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMake a list of functions and macro names defined in a programming source file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecupsd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA scheduler for CUPS.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecurl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to transfer data from or to a server using supported protocols.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecut\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to remove sections from each line of a file(s).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ecvs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConcurrent Versions System. Used to track file versions, allow storage/retrieval of previous versions, and enables multiple users to work on the same file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e D\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow system date and time.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDesk calculator utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to convert and copy a file, create disk clone, write disk headers, etc.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eddrescue\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to recover data from a crashed partition.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edeallocvt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDeallocates kernel memory for unused virtual consoles.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edebugfs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFile system debugger for ext2/ext3/ext4\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edeclare\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to declare variables and assign attributes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edepmod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGenerate modules.dep and map files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edevdump\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eInteractively displays the contents of device or file system ISO.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow disk usage.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ediff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to compare files line by line.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ediff3\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCompare three files line by line.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edig\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDomain Information Groper, a DNS lookup utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edir\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eList the contents of a directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edircolors\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet colors for ‘ls’ by altering the LS_COLORS environment variable.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edirname\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay pathname after removing the last slash and characters thereafter.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edirs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow the list of remembered directories.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edisable\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRestrict access to a printer.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edlpsh\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eInteractive Desktop Link Protocol (DLP) shell for PalmOS.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edmesg\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExamine and control the kernel ring buffer.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edmidecode\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed when the user wants to retrieve system’s hardware related information such as Processor, RAM(DIMMs), BIOS detail, etc. of Linux system in a readable format.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ednsdomainname\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow the DNS domain name of the system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ednssec-keygen\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGenerate encrypted Secure DNS keys for a given domain name.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ednssec-makekeyset\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eProduce domain key set from one or more DNS security keys generated by dnssec-keygen.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ednssec-signkey\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSign a secure DNS keyset with key signatures specified in the list of key-identifiers.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ednssec-signzone\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSign a secure DNS zonefile with the signatures in the specified list of key-identifiers.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edoexec\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to run an executable with an arbitrary argv list provided.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edomainname\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow or set the name of current NIS (Network Information Services) domain.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edosfsck\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to retrieve information or statistics form components of the system such as network connections, IO devices, or CPU, etc.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edpkg\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eInstall, build, remove and manage debian software packages.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edstat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCheck and repair MS-DOS file systems.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edu\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow disk usage summary for a file(s).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edump\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eBackup utility for ext2/ext3 file systems.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edumpe2fs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDump ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003edumpkeys\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow information about the keyboard driver’s current translation tables.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e E\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ee2fsck\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to check ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ee2image\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eStore important ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem metadata to a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ee2label\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow or change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eecho\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSend input string(s) to standard output i.e. display text on the screen.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eed\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGNU Ed – a line-oriented text editor.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eedquota\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to edit filesystem quotas using a text editor, such as vi.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eegrep\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSearch and display text matching a pattern.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eeject\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eEject removable media.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eelvtune\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to set latency in the elevator algorithm used to schedule I/O activities for specified block devices.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eemacs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eEmacs text editor command line utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eenable\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to enable/disable shell builtin commands.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eenv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRun a command in a modified environment. Show/set/delete environment variables.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eenvsubst\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSubstitute environment variable values in shell format strings.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eesd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eStart the Enlightenment Sound Daemon (EsounD or esd). Enables multiple applications to access the same audio device simultaneously.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eesd-config\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eManage EsounD configuration.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eesdcat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUse EsounD to send audio data from a specified file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eesdctl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eEsounD control program.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eesddsp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to reroute non-esd audio data to esd and control all the audio using esd.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eesdmon\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to copy the sound being sent to a device. Also, send it to a secondary device.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eesdplay\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUse EsounD system to play a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eesdrec\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUse EsounD to record audio to a specified file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eesdsample\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSample audio using esd.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eetags\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to create a list of functions and macros from a programming source file. These etags are used by emacs. For vi, use ctags.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eethtool\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to query and control network driver and hardware settings.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eeval\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to evaluate multiple commands or arguments are once.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eex\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eInteractive command\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eexec\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn interactive line-based text editor.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eexit\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExit from the terminal.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eexpand\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConvert tabs into spaces in a given file and show the output.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eexpect\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn extension to the Tcl script, it’s used to automate interaction with other applications based on their expected output.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eexport\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to set an environment variable.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eexpr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eEvaluate expressions and display them on standard output.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e F\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efactor\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay prime factors of specified integer numbers.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efalse\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDo nothing, unsuccessfully. Exit with a status code indicating failure.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to list, edit or re-execute the commands previously entered into an interactive shell.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efc-cache\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMake font information cache after scanning the directories.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efc-list\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow the list of available fonts.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efdformat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDo a low-level format on a floppy disk.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efdisk\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMake changes to the disk partition table.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efetchmail\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFetch mail from mail servers and forward it to the local mail delivery system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efg\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to send a job to the foreground.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efgconsole\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay the number of the current virtual console.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efgrep\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay lines from a file(s) that match a specified string. A variant of grep.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efile\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDetermine file type for a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efind\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDo a file search in a directory hierarchy.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efinger\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay user data including the information listed in \u003cem\u003e.plan\u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003e.project\u003c/em\u003ein each user’s home directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efingerd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eProvides a network interface for the finger program.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eflex\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGenerate programs that perform pattern-matching on text.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efmt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to convert text to a specified width by filling lines and removing new lines, displaying the output.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efold\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eWrap input line to fit in a specified width.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efor\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExpand words and run commands for each one in the resultant list.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eformail\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to filter standard input into mailbox format.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eformat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to format disks.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efree\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow free and used system memory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efsck\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCheck and repair a Linux file system\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eftp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFile transfer protocol user interface.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eftpd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFTP server process.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efunction\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to define function macros.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFun\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to draw various type of patterns on the terminal.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003efuser\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFind and kill a process accessing a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e G\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eg++\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRun the g++ compiler.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egawk\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed for pattern scanning and language processing. A GNU implementation of AWK language.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egcc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA C and C++ compiler by GNU.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egdb\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA utility to debug programs and know about where it crashes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egetent\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows entries from Name Service Switch Libraries for specified keys.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egetkeycodes\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays the kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egetopts\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA utility to parse positional parameters.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egpasswd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAllows an administrator to change group passwords.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egpg\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eEnables encryption and signing services as per the OpenPGP standard.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egpgsplit\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to split an OpenPGP message into packets.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egpgv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to verify OpenPGP signatures.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egpm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eIt enables cut and paste functionality and a mouse server for the Linux console.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egprof\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows call graph profile data.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egrep\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSearches input files for a given pattern and displays the relevant lines.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egroff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eServes as the front-end of the groff document formatting system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egroffer\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays groff files and man pages.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egroupadd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to add a new user group.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egroupdel\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to remove a user group.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egroupmod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to modify a group definition.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egroups\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShowthe group(s) to which a user belongs.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egrpck\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eVerifies the integrity of group files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egrpconv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreates agshadow file from a group or an already existing gshadow.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eInvokes Ghostscript, and interpreter and previewer for Adobe’s PostScript and PDF languages.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egunzip\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA utility to compress/expand files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egzexe\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed compress executable files in place and have them automatically uncompress and run at a later stage.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003egzip\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA utility to compress/expand files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e H\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehalt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand used to half the machine.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehash\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the path for the commands executed in the shell.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehdparm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow/configure parameters for SATA/IDE devices.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehead\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows first 10 lines from each specified file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehelp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay’s help for a built-in command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehexdump\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows specified file output in hexadecimal, octal, decimal, or ASCII format.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehistory\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the command history.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehost\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA utility to perform DNS lookups.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehostid\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows host’s numeric ID in hexadecimal format.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehostname\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay/set the hostname of the system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehostnamectl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eProvides a proper API used to control Linux system hostname and change its related settings.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehtdigest\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eManage the user authentication file used by the Apache web server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehtop\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn interactive process viewer for the command line.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ehwclock\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow or configure the system’s hardware clock.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e I\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eiconv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConvert text file from one encoding to another.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eid\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow user and group information for a specified user.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eif\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExecute a command conditionally.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eifconfig\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to configure network interfaces.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eifdown\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eStops a network interface.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eiftop\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eIt is a network analyzing tool used by system administrators to view the bandwidth related stats.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eifup\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eStarts a network interface.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eimapd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol) server daemon.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eimport\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCapture an X server screen and saves it as an image.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003einetd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExtended internet services daemon, it starts the programs that provide internet services.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003einfo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to read the documentation in Info format.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003einit\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSystemd system and service manager.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003einsmod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA program that inserts a module into the Linux kernel.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003einstall\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to copy files to specified locations and set attributions during the install process.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eiostat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows statistics for CPU, I/O devices, partitions, network filesystems.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eiotop\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to display and monitor the disk IO usage details and even gets a table of existing IO utilization by the process.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eip\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay/manipulate routing, devices, policy, routing and tunnels.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eipcrm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to remove System V interprocess communication (IPC) objects and associated data structures.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eipcs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow information on IPC facilities for which calling process has read access.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eiptables\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAdministration tool for IPv4 packet filtering and NAT.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eiptables-restore\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to restore IP tables from data specified in the input or a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eiptables-save\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to dump IP table contents to standard output.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eiwconfig\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to display the parameters, and the wireless statistics which are extracted from /proc/net/wireless.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eisodump\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA utility that shows the content iso9660 images to verify the integrity of directory contents.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eisoinfo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA utility to perform directory like listings of iso9660 images.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eisosize\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow the length of an iso9660 filesystem contained in a specified file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eisovfy\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eVerifies the integrity of an iso9660 image.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eispell\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA CLI-based spell-check utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e J\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ejobs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow the list of active jobs and their status.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ejoin\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFor each pair of input lines, join them using a command field and display on standard output.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ejournalctl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to view systemd, kernal and journal logs.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e K\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ekbd_mode\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet a keyboard mode. Without arguments, shows the current keyboard mode.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ekbdrate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eReset keyboard repeat rate and delay time.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ekill\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSend a kill (termination) signal to one more processes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ekillall\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eKills a process(es) running a specified command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ekillall5\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA SystemV killall command. Kills all the processes excluding the ones which it depends on.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eklogd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eControl and prioritize the kernel messages to be displayed on the console, and log them through syslogd.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ekudzu\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to detect new and enhanced hardware by comparing it with existing database. Only for RHEL and derivatives.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e L\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elast\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows a list of recent logins on the system by fetching data from \u003cem\u003e/var/log/wtmp\u003c/em\u003e file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elastb\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the list of bad login attempts by fetching data from \u003cem\u003e/var/log/btmp\u003c/em\u003efile.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elastlog\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays information about the most recent login of all users or a specified user.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eld\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eThe Unix linker, it combines archives and object files. It then puts them into one output file, resolving external references.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eldconfig\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConfigure dynamic linker run-time bindings.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eldd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows shared object dependencies.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eless\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays contents of a fileone page at a time. It’s advanced than \u003cem\u003emore\u003c/em\u003e command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elesskey\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to specify key bindings for less command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elet\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to perform integer artithmetic on shell variables.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elftp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn FTP utility with extra features.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elftpget\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUses lftop to retrieve HTTP, FTP, and other protocol URLs supported by lftp.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elink\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate links between two files. Similar to ln command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eln\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate links between files. Links can be hard (two names for the same file) or soft (a shortcut of the first file).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eloadkeys\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLoad keyboard translation tables.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elocal\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to create function variables.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elocale\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows information about current or all locales.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elocate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to find files by their name.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elockfile\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate semaphore file(s) which can be used to limit access to a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elogger\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMake entries in the system log.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elogin\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate a new session on the system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elogname\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the login name of the current user.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elogout\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePerforms the logout operation by making changes to the utmp and wtmp files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elogrotate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed for automatic rotation, compression, removal, and mailing of system log files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elook\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows any lines in a file containing a given string in the beginning.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elosetup\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet up and control loop devices.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elpadmin\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to configure printer and class queues provided by CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elpc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLine printer control program, it provides limited control over CUPS printer and class queues.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elpinfo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the list of available devices and drivers known to the CUPS server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elpmove\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMove on or more printing jobs to a new destination.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elpq\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows current print queue status for a specified printer.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elpr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to submit files for printing.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elprint\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to print a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elprintd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to abort a print job.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elprintq\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eList the print queue.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elprm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCancel print jobs.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elpstat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays status information about current classes, jobs, and printers.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003els\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the list of files in the current directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elsattr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows file attributes on a Linux ext2 file system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elsblk\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLists information about all available or the specified block devices.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elshw\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to generate the detailed information of the system’s hardware configuration from various files in the /proc directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elsmod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow the status of modules in the Linux kernel.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elsof\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eList open files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elspci\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eList all PCI devices.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003elsusb\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eList USB devices.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e M\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003em4\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMacro processor.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003email\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUtility to compose, receive, send, forward, and reply to emails.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emailq\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows to list all emails queued for delivery (sendmail queue).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emailstats\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows current mail statistics.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emailto\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to send mail with multimedia content in MIME format.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emake\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUtility to maintain groups of programs, recompile them if needed.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emakedbm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreates an NIS (Network Information Services) database map.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emakemap\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreates database maps used by the keyed map lookups in sendmail.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eman\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows manual pages for Linux commands.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emanpath\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDetermine search path for manual pages.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emattrib\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to change MS-DOS file attribute flags.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003embadblocks\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChecks MD-DOS filesystems for bad blocks.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emcat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDump raw disk image.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emcd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to change MS-DOS directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emcopy\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to copy MS-DOS files from or to Unix.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emd5sum\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to check MD5 checksum for a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emdel, mdeltree\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to delete MS-DOS file. mdeltree recursively deletes MS-DOS directory and its contents.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emdir\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to display an MS-DOS directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emdu\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to display the amount of space occupied by an MS-DOS directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emerge\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eThree-way file merge. Includes all changes from file2 and file3 to file1.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emesg\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAllow/disallow osends to sedn write messages to your terminal.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emetamail\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFor sending and showing rich text or multimedia email using MIME typing metadata.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emetasend\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn interface for sending non-text mail.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emformat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to add an MS-DOS filesystem to a low-level formatted floppy disk.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emimencode\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTranslate to/from MIME multimedia mail encoding formats.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eminfo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay parameters of an MS-DOS filesystem.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emkdir\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to create directories.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emkdosfs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emke2fs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emkfifo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given names.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emkfs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to build a Linux filesystem on a hard disk partition.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emkfs.ext3\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSame as mke2fs, create an ext3 Linux filesystem.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emkisofs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to create an ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS hybrid filesystem.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emklost+found\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate a lost+found directory on a mounted ext2 filesystem.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emkmanifest\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMakes alist of file names and their DOS 8.3 equivalent.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emknod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate a FIFO, block (buffered) special file, character (unbuffered) special file with the specified name.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emkraid\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to setup RAID device arrays.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emkswap\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet up a Linux swap area.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emktemp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate a temporary file or directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emlabel\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMake an MD-DOS volume label.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emmd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMake an MS-DOS subdirectory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emmount\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMount an MS-DOS disk.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emmove\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMove or rename an MS-DOS file or subdirectory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emmv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMass move and rename files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emodinfo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow information about a Linux kernel module.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emodprobe\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAdd or remove modules from the Linux kernel.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emore\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay content of a file page-by-page.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emost\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eBrowse or page through a text file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emount\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMount a filesystem.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emountd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eNFS mount daemon.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003empartition\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to report processor related statistics.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003empstat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePartition an MS-DOS disk.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003empg123\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand-line mp3 player.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003empg321\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSimilar to mpg123.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emrd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemove an MS-DOS subdirectory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emren\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRename an existing MS-DOS file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emshowfat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow FTA clusters allocated to a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eControl magnetic tape drive operation.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emtools\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUtilities to access MS-DOS disks.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emtoolstest\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTests and displays the mtools configuration files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emtr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA network diagnostic tool.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emtype\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay contents of an MS-DOS file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMove/rename files or directories.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003emzip\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange protection mode and eject disk on Zip/Jaz drive.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e N\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enamed\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eInternet domain name server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enamei\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFollow a pathname until a terminal point is found.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enameif\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eName network interfaces based on MAC addresses.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eNetcat utility. Arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enetstat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow network information.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enewaliases\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRebuilds mail alias database.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enewgrp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLog-in to a new group.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enewusers\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUpdate/create new users in batch.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enfsd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSpecial filesystem for controlling Linux NFS server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enfsstat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eList NFS statistics.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enice\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRun a program with modified scheduling priority.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow numbered line while displaying the contents of a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eList symbols from object files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enohup\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRun a command immune to hangups.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enotify-send\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA program to send desktop notifications.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003enslookup\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed performs DNS queries. Read this article for more info.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ensupdate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDynamic DNS update utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e O\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eobjcopy\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCopy and translate object files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eobjdump\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay information from object files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDump files in octal and other formats.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eop\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eOperator access, allows system administrators to grant users access to certain root operations that require superuser privileges.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eopen\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eOpen a file using its default application.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eopenvt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eStart a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e P\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epasswd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange user password.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epaste\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMerge lines of files. Write to standard output, TAB-separated lines consisting of sequentially corresponding lines from each file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epatch\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eApply a patchfile (containing differences listing by diff program) to an original file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epathchk\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCheck if file names are valid or portable.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eperl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePerl 5 language interpreter.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epgrep\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eList process IDs matching the specified criteria among all the running processes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epidof\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFind process ID of a running program.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eping\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSend ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epinky\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLightweight finger.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epkill\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSend kill signal to processes based on name and other attributes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epmap\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eReport memory map of a process.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epopd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemoves directory on the head of the directory stack and takes you to the new directory on the head.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eportmap\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConverts RPC program numbers to IP port numbers.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epoweroff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShuts down the machine.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epppd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePoint-to-point protocol daemon.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConvert (column or paginate) text files for printing.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epraliases\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePrints the current system mail aliases.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eprintcap\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePrinter capability database.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eprintenv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow values of all or specified environment variables.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eprintf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow arguments formatted according to a specified format.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eps\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eReport a snapshot of the current processes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eptx\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eProduce a permuted index of file contents.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epushd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAppends a given directory name to the head of the stack and then cd to the given directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMonitor progress of data through a pipe.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epwck\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eVerify integrity of password files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epwconv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreates shadow from passwd and an optionally existing shadow.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epwd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow current directory.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003epython\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eComputer programming language often used to build websites and software, automate tasks, and conduct data analysis.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e Q\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003equota\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows disk usage, and space limits for a user or group. Without arguments, only shows user quotas.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003equotacheck\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to scan a file system for disk usage.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003equotactl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMake changes to disk quotas.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003equotaoff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eEnable enforcement of filesystem quotas.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003equotaon\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisable enforcement of filesystem quotas.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003equotastats\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the report of quota system statistics gathered from the kernel.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e R\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eraidstart\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eStart/stop RAID devices.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eram\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRAM disk device used to access the RAM disk in raw mode.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eramsize\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow usage information for the RAM disk.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eranlib\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGenerate index to the contents of an archive and store it in the archive.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erar\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate and manage RAR file in Linux.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erarpd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRespond to Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) requests.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ercp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemote copy command to copy files between remote computers.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erdate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet system date and time by fetching information from a remote machine.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erdev\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet or query RAM disk size, image root device, or video mode.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erdist\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemote file distribution client, maintains identical file copies over multiple hosts.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erdistd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eStart the rdist server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eread\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRead from a file descriptor.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ereadarray\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRead lines from a file into an array variable.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ereadcd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRead/write compact disks.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ereadelf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows information about ELF (Executable and Linkable format) files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ereadlink\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay value of a symbolic link or canonical file name.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ereadonly\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eMark functions and variables as read-only.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ereboot\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRestart the machine.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ereject\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAccept/reject print jobs sent to a specified destination.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eremsync\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSynchronize remote files over email.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erename\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRename one or more files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erenice\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange priority of active processes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erepquota\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eReport disk usage and quotas for a specified filesystem.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ereset\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eReinitialize the terminal.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eresize2fs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to resize ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erestore\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRestore files from a backup created using dump.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ereturn\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExit a shell function.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erev\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow contents of a file, reversing the order of characters in every line.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erexec\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemote execution client for exec server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erexecd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemote execution server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erichtext\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eView “richtext” on an ACSII terminal.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erlogin\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to connect a local host system with a remote host.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erlogind\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eActs as the server for rlogin.It facilitates remote login, and authentication based on privileged port numbers from trusted hosts.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemoves specified files and directories (not by default).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ermail\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eHandle remote mail received via uucp.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ermdir\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to remove empty directories.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ermmod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA program to remove modules from Linux kernel.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erndc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eName server control utility. Send command to a BIND DNS server over a TCP connection.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erootflags\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow/set flags for the kernel image.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eroute\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow/change IP routing table.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erouted\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA daemon, invoked at boot time, to manage internet routing tables.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erpcgen\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn RPC protocol compiler. Parse a file written in the RPC language.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erpcinfo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows RPC information. Makes an RPC call to an RPC server and reports the findings.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erpm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA package manager for Linux distributions. Originally developed for RedHat Linux.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ersh\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemote shell. Connects to a specified host and executes commands.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ershd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA daemon that acts as a server for rsh and rcp commands.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ersync\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA versitile to for copying files remotely and locally.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erunlevel\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows previous and current SysV runlevel.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erup\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemote status display. Shows current system status for all or specified hosts on the local network.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eruptime\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows uptime and login details of the machines on the local network.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erusers\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the list of the users logged-in to the host or on all machines on the local network.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erusersd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eThe rsuerd daemon acts as a server that responds to the queries from rsuers command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erwall\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSends messages to all users on the local network.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erwho\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eReports who is logged-in to the hosts on the local network.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003erwhod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eActs as a server for rwho and ruptime commands.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e S\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esane-find-scanner\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFind SCSI and USB scanner and determine their device files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esar\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to monitor Linux system’s resources like CPU usage, Memory utilization, I/O devices consumption, etc..\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003escanadf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRetrieve multiple images from a scanner equipped with an automatic document feeder (ADF).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003escanimage\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRead images from image acquisition devices (scanner or camera) and display on standard output in PNM (Portable aNyMap) format.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003escp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCopy files between hosts on a network securely using SSH.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003escreen\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA window manager that enables multiple pseudo-terminals with the help of ANSI/VT100 terminal emulation.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003escript\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to make a typescript of everything displayed on the screen during a terminal session.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003escriptreplay\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to replay a typescript/terminal_activity stored in the log file that was recorded by the script command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esdiff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows two files side-by-side and highlights the differences.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esed\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eStream editor for filtering and transforming text (from a file or a pipe input).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eselect\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSynchronous I/O multiplexing.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esendmail\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eIt’s a mail router or an MTA (Mail Transfer Agent). sendmail support can send a mail to one or more recipients using necessary protocols.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esensors\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the current readings of all sensor chips.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eseq\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays an incremental sequence of numbers from first to last.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e \n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eservice\u003c/td\u003e \n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eThis command is used to manage system services.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eset\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to manipulate shell variables and functions.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esetfdprm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSets floppy disk parameters as provided by the user.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esetkeycodes\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLoad kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esetleds\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow/change LED light settings of the keyboard.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esetmetamode\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDefine keyboard meta key handling. Without arguments, shows current meta key mode.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esetquota\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet disk quotas for users and groups.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esetsid\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRun a program in a new session.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esetterm\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet terminal attributes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esftp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSecure File Transfer program.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esh\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand interpreter (shell) utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esha1sum\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCompute and check 160-bit SHA1 checksum to verify file integrity.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eshift\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShift positional parameters.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eshopt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShell options.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eshowkey\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExamines codes sent by the keyboard displays them in printable form.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eshowmount\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows information about NFS server mount on the host.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eshred\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eOverwrite a file to hide its content (optionally delete it), making it harder to recover it.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eshutdown\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePower-off the machine.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esize\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLists section size and the total size of a specified file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eskill\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSend a signal to processes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eslabtop\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow kernel slab cache information in real-time.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eslattach\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAttack a network interface to a serial line.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esleep\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSuspend execution for a specified amount of time (in seconds).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eslocate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay matches by searching filename databases. Takes ownership and file permission into consideration.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esnice\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eReset priority for processes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esort\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSort lines of text files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esource\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRun commands from a specified file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esplit\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSplit a file into pieces of fixed size.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ess\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay socket statistics, similar to netstat.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003essh\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAn SSH client for logging in to a remote machine. It provides encrypted communication between the hosts.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003essh-add\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAdds private key identities to the authentication agent.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003essh-agent\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eIt holds private keys used for public key authentication.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003essh-keygen\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eIt generates, manages, converts authentication keys for ssh.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003essh-keyscan\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGather ssh public keys.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esshd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eServer for the ssh program.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003estat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay file or filesystem status.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003estatd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA daemon that listens for reboot notifications from other hosts, and manages the list of hosts to be notified when the local system reboots.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003estrace\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTrace system calls and signals.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003estrfile\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate a random access file for storing strings.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003estrings\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSearch a specified file and prints any printable strings with at least four characters and followed by an unprintable character.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003estrip\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDiscard symbols from object files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003estty\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange and print terminal line settings.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esu\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange user ID or become superuser.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esudo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExecute a command as superuser.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esum\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChecksum and count the block in a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esuspend\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSuspend the execution of the current shell.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eswapoff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisable devices for paging and swapping.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eswapon\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eEnable devices for paging and swapping.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esymlink\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate a symbolic link to a file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esync\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSynchronize cached writes to persistent storage.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esysctl\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConfigure kernel parameters at runtime.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esysklogd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLinux system logging utilities. Provides syslogd and klogd functionalities.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esyslogd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRead and log system messages to the system console and log files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e \n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003esystemctl\u003c/td\u003e \n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eThis command can be used to start, stop, and check the status of system services.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e T\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etac\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConcatenate and print files in reverse order. Opposite of cat command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etail\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow the last 10 lines of each specified file(s).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etailf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFollow the growth of a log file. (Deprecated command)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etalk\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA two-way screen-oriented communication utility that allows two user to exchange messages simultaneously.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etalkd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA remote user communication server for \u003cem\u003etalk\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etar\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGNU version of the tar archiving utility. Used to store and extract multiple files from a single archive.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etaskset\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet/retrieve a process’s CPU affinity.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etcpd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAccess control utility for internet services.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etcpdump\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDump traffic on network. Displays a description of the contents of packets on a network interface that match the boolean expression.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etcpslice\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExtract pieces of tcpdump files or merge them.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etee\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRead from standard input and write to standard output and files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etelinit\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange SysV runlevel.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etelnet\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTelnet protocol user interface. Used to interact with another host using telnet.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etelnetd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA server for the telnet protocol.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etest\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCheck file type and compare values.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etftp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUser interface to the internet TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etftpd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTFTP server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etime\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRun programs and summarize system resource usage.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etimeout\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExecute a command with a time limit.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etimes\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows accumulated user and system times for the shell and it’s child processes.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etload\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows a graph of the current system load average to the specified tty.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etmpwatch\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRecursively remove files and directories which haven’t been accessed for the specified period of time.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etop\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays real-time view of processes running on the system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etouch\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange file access and modification times.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etput\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eModify terminal-dependent capabilities, color, etc.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTranslate, squeeze, or delete characters from standard input and display on standard output.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etracepath\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTraces path to a network host discovering MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) along this path.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etraceroute\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTraces the route taken by the packets to reach the network host.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etrap\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTrap function responds to hardware signals. It defines and creates handlers to run when the shell receives signals.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etree\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA recursive directory listing program that produces a depth-indented listing of files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etroff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eThe troff processor of the groff text formatting system.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTRUE\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExit with a status code indicating success.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etset\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eInitialize terminal.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etsort\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePerform topological sort.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etty\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay the filename of the terminal connected to standard input.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etune2fs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAdjust tuneable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etunelp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet various parameters for the line printer devices.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003etype\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eWrite a description for a command type.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e U\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eul\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUnderline text.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eulimit\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eGet and set user limits for the calling process.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eumask\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet file mode creation mask.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eumount\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUnmount specified file systems.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eunalias\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemove alias definitions for specified alias names.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euname\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow system information.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euncompress\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUncompress the files compressed with the compress command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eunexpand\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConvert spaces to tabs for a specified file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eunicode_start\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePut keyboard and console in Unicode mode.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eunicode_stop\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRevert keyboard and console from Unicode mode.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euniq\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eReport or omit repeating lines.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eunits\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConvert units from one scalar to another.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eunix2dos\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConverts a Unix text file to DOS format.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eunrar\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExtract files from a RAR archive.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eunset\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRemove variable or function names.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eunshar\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUnpack shell archive scripts.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euntil\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExecute command until a given condition is true.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euptime\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTell how long the system has been running.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euseradd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreate a new user or update default user information.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euserdel\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDelete a user account and related files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eusermod\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eModify a user account.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eusername\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eIt provides a set of commands to fetch username and its configurations from the Linux host.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eusers\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow the list of active users on the machine.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eusleep\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSuspend execution for microsecond intervals.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euudecode\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDecode a binary file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euuencode\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eEncode a binary file.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003euuidgen\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreated a new UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) table.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e V\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003evdir\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSame as \u003cstrong\u003els -l -b\u003c/strong\u003e. Verbosely list directory contents.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003evi\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA text editor utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003evidmode\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSet the video mode for a kernel image. Displays current mode value without arguments. Alternative: rdev -v\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003evim\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eVi Improved, a text-based editor which is a successor to vi.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003evmstat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, disks, and CPU activity.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003evnstat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed by system administrators in order to monitor network parameters such as bandwidth consumption or maybe some traffic flowing in or out.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003evolname\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eReturns volume name for a device formatted with an ISO-9660 filesystem. For example, CD-ROM.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e W\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ew\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShow who is logged-on and what they’re doing.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewait\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eWaits for a specified process ID(s) to terminate and returns the termination status.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewall\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay a message on the terminals all the users who are currently logged-in.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewarnquota\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSend mail to the users who’ve exceeded their disk quota soft limit.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewatch\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRuns commands repeatedly until interrupted and shows their output and errors.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePrint newline, word, and byte count for each of the specified files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewget\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA non-interactive file download utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewhatis\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay one line manual page descriptions.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewhereis\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLocate the binary, source, and man page files for a command.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewhich\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eFor a given command, lists the pathnames for the files which would be executed when the command runs.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewhile\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eConditionally execute commands (while loop).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewho\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows who is logged on.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewhoami\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays the username tied to the current effective user ID.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewhois\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eLooks for an object in a WHOIS database\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ewrite\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplay a message on other user’s terminal.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e X\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003exargs\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRuns a command using initial arguments and then reads remaining arguments from standard input.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003exdg-open\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to open a file or URL in an application preferred by the user.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003exinetd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eExtended internet services daemon. Works similar to inetd.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003exz\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCompress/ Decompress .xz and .lzma files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e Y\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eyacc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eYet Another Compiler Compiler, a GNU Project parser generator.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eyes\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRepeatedly output a line with a specified string(s) until killed.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eypbind\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA daemon that helps client processes to connect to an NIS server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eypcat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the NIS map (or database) for the specified MapName parameter.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eypinit\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eSets up NIS maps on an NIS server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eypmatch\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows values for specified keys from an NIS map.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eyppasswd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eChange NIS login password.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eyppasswdd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eActs as a server for the yppasswd command. Receives and executes requests.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eyppoll\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the ID number or version of NIS map currently used on the NIS server.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eyppush\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eForces slave NIS servers to copy updated NIS maps.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eypserv\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA daemon activated at system startup. It looks for information in local NIS maps.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eypset\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePoint a client (running ypbind) to a specific server (running ypserv).\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eyptest\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCalls various functions to check the configuration of NIS services.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eypwhich\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eShows the hostname for NIS server or master server for a given map.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eypxfr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eTransfers NIS server map from server to a local host.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table)\n\u003ch2\u003e Z\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\u003ctable class=\"tg\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCommand\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDescription\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezcat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eUsed to compress/uncompress files. Similar to gzip\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezcmp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCompare compressed files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezdiff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCompare compressed files line by line.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezdump\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays time for the timezone mentioned.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezforce\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eAdds .gz extension to all gzipped files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezgrep\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ePerforms grep on compressed files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezic\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eCreates time conversion information files using the specified input files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezip\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eA file compression and packaging utility.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezless\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays information of a compressed file (using less command) on the terminal one screen at a time.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003ezmore\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eDisplays output of a compressed file (using more command) on the terminal one page at a time.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eznew\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"tg-yw4l\"\u003eRecompress .z files to .gz. files.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"right\"\u003e\nCredits: \u003ca href=\"https://fossbytes.com\"\u003e\u003cb\u003efossbytes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u0026 \u003ca href=\"https://www.geeksforgeeks.org\"\u003e\u003cb\u003egeeksforgeeks\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴏᴩ](#table) \n\n---\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/details\u003e\n \n\u003cdetails\u003e\u003csummary\u003e\u003cb\u003eQuick cheatsheet \u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Tarikul-Islam-Anik/Telegram-Animated-Emojis/main/Objects/Memo.webp\" alt=\"Memo\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/summary\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\n  \n\u003e**Note** 💡\u003cbr\u003e\n\n\u003e    - A single hyphen `-` is used to represent a short option, such as `-a`.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003e    - A double hyphen `--` is used to denote a long option, such as `--all`.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003e    - Example command : `ls -a|--all` (List all directories). Can use either use the short or long options.\n     \n\u003e    - Both short and long options were incorporated for educational purposes, allowing users to choose the preferred format.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003e    - It's important to note that not all commands have both short and long options. Some commands may only have short options, while others may only have long options.\n\n### Contents\n- [Command Information](#command-information)\n- [Command History](#command-history)\n- [Navigating Directories](#navigating-directories)\n- [Creating Directories](#creating-directories)\n- [Moving Directories](#moving-directories)\n- [Deleting Directories](#deleting-directories)\n- [Creating Files](#creating-files)\n- [Standard Output, Error and Input](#standard-output-standard-error-and-standard-input)\n- [Moving Files](#moving-files)\n- [Deleting Files](#deleting-files)\n- [Reading Files](#reading-files)\n- [Sorting Files](#sorting-files)\n- [File Permissions](#file-permissions)\n- [Finding Files](#finding-files)\n- [Find in Files](#find-in-files)\n- [Replace in Files](#replace-in-files)\n- [File Editor](#file-editor)\n- [Symbolic Links](#symbolic-links)\n- [Compressing Files](#compressing-files)\n- [Decompressing Files](#decompressing-files)\n- [Packages](#packages)\n- [Disk Usage](#disk-usage)\n- [Memory Usage](#memory-usage)\n- [Shutdown and Reboot](#shutdown-and-reboot)\n- [Identifying Processes](#identifying-processes)\n- [Process Priority](#process-priority)\n- [Killing Processes](#killing-processes)\n- [Date \u0026 Time](#date--time)\n- [Scheduled Tasks](#scheduled-tasks)\n- [User Mangement](#user-management)\n- [HTTP Requests](#http-requests)\n- [Network Troubleshooting](#network-troubleshooting)\n- [DNS](#dns)\n- [Hardware](#hardware)\n- [System Information](#system-information)\n- [Terminal Multiplexers](#terminal-multiplexers)\n- [Secure Shell Protocol (SSH)](#secure-shell-protocol-ssh)\n- [Secure Copy](#secure-copy)\n- [Bash Profile](#bash-profile)\n- [Bash Script](#bash-script)\n#\n  \n## Command Information\n\n```bash\nman chmod                   # Display page manual of a command\nman -f|--whatis chmod       # Display short description about a command\nman -k|--apropos permission # Display all related commands from a specific keyword\n\nchmod --help                # Display usage options of a command\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Command History\n\n```bash\nhistory                                # View all previous commands\nhistory | grep foo                     # View the commands using a specific word\nhistory | grep -E|--extended-regexp -i|--ignore-case 'foo1|foo2|foo3' # View the commands using more than 1 specific word(case sensitive)\nhistory | head -n|--lines 3            # View the first 3 executed commands\nhistory 3                              # View the last 3 executed commands\nhistory -d 99                          # Clear a command from a specific line \nhistory -c                             # Clears all history commands\n!!                                     # Run the last command executed\n\ntouch foo.sh                           # \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c┐\nchmod +x !$                            # !$ is the last argument of the last command i.e. foo.sh \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c┘\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Navigating Directories\n\n```bash\npwd                       # Print current directory path\nls                        # List directories\nls -a|--all               # List directories including hidden\nls -l                     # List directories in long form\nls -l -h|--human-readable # List directories in long form with human readable sizes\nls -t                     # List directories by modification time, newest first\nstat foo.txt              # List size, created and modified timestamps for a file\nstat foo                  # List size, created and modified timestamps for a directory\ntree                      # List directory and file tree\ntree -a                   # List directory and file tree including hidden\ntree -d                   # List directory tree\n\ncd foo                    # Go to foo sub-directory\ncd                        # Go to home directory\ncd ~                      # Go to home directory\ncd -                      # Go to the previously chosen directory\npushd foo                 # Go to foo sub-directory and add previous directory to stack\npopd                      # Go back to directory in stack saved by `pushd`\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Creating Directories \n  \n```bash\nmkdir foo                        # Create a directory\nmkdir foo bar                    # Create multiple directories\nmkdir -p|--parents foo/bar       # Create nested directory\nmkdir -p|--parents {foo,bar}/baz # Create multiple nested directories\n\nmktemp -d|--directory            # Create a temporary directory\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Moving Directories\n\n```bash\ncp -R|--recursive foo bar                              # Copy directory\nmv foo bar                                             # Move directory\n\nrsync -z|--compress -v|--verbose /foo /bar             # Copy directory, overwrites destination\nrsync --ignore-existing -a|--archive -z|--compress -v|--verbose /foo /bar # Copy directory, without overwriting destination\nrsync -avz /foo username@hostname:/bar                 # Copy local directory to remote directory\nrsync -avz username@hostname:/foo /bar                 # Copy remote directory to local directory\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Deleting Directories\n\n```bash\nrmdir foo                        # Delete non-empty directory\nrm -r|--recursive foo            # Delete directory including contents\nrm -r|--recursive -f|--force foo # Delete directory including contents, ignore nonexistent files and never prompt\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Creating Files\n\n```bash\ntouch foo.txt          # Create file or update existing files modified timestamp\ntouch foo.txt bar.txt  # Create multiple files\ntouch {foo,bar}.txt    # Create multiple files\ntouch test{1..3}       # Create test1, test2 and test3 files\ntouch test{a..c}       # Create testa, testb and testc files\n\nmktemp                 # Create a temporary file\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Standard Output, Standard Error and Standard Input\n\n```bash\necho \"foo\" \u003e bar.txt       # Overwrite file with content\necho \"foo\" \u003e\u003e bar.txt      # Append to file with content\n\nls exists 1\u003e stdout.txt    # Redirect the standard output to a file\nls noexist 2\u003e stderror.txt # Redirect the standard error output to a file\nls \u003e out.txt 2\u003e\u00261          # Redirect standard output and error to a file\nls \u003e /dev/null             # Discard standard output and error\n\nread foo                   # Read from standard input and write to the variable foo\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Moving Files\n\n```bash\ncp foo.txt bar.txt                                 # Copy file\nmv foo.txt bar.txt                                 # Move file\n\nrsync -z|--compress -v|--verbose /foo.txt /bar     # Copy file quickly if not changed\nrsync -z|--compress -v|--verbose /foo.txt /bar.txt # Copy and rename file quickly if not changed\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Deleting Files\n\n```bash\nrm foo.txt            # Delete file\nrm -f|--force foo.txt # Delete file, ignore nonexistent files and never prompt\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Reading Files\n\n```bash\ncat foo.txt              # Print all contents\nless foo.txt             # Print some contents at a time (g - go to top of file, SHIFT+g, go to bottom of file, /foo to search for 'foo')\nhead foo.txt             # Print top 10 lines of file\ntail foo.txt             # Print bottom 10 lines of file\ntail -f|--follow foo.txt # Print bottom 10 lines of file updating with new data\nopen foo.txt             # Open file in the default editor\nwc foo.txt               # List number of lines words and characters in the file\n```\n[⬆ ʀᴇᴛᴜʀɴ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇɴᴛꜱ](#contents)\n\n## Sorting Files\n\n```bash\nsort foo","projects_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/lists/trinib%2Flinux-bash-commands/projects"}