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Visualization","Asynchronous Programming","Code Analysis","Web Frameworks","Machine Learning","Deep Learning","Algorithms and Design Patterns","Database Drivers","ORM","Interactive Interpreter","Editor Plugins and IDEs","Downloader","Admin Panels","ASGI Servers","Build Tools","Built-in Classes Enhancement","CMS","Caching","Command-line Interface Development","Compatibility","Computer Vision","Concurrency and Parallelism","Configuration Files","Configuration","Cryptography","Data Analysis","Data Validation","Date and Time","DevOps Tools","Distribution","E-commerce","Enterprise Application Integrations","File Manipulation","Foreign Function Interface","GUI Development","Game Development","Geolocation","HTML Manipulation","Hardware","Image Processing","Implementations","Internationalization","Job Scheduler","Logging","Microsoft Windows","Miscellaneous","Natural Language Processing","Package Management","Processes","Refactoring","RESTful API","Robotics","Science","Search","Specific Formats 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Processing","Documentation","ERP","Debugging Tools","GUI Development","Database","Computer Vision","Database Drivers","Interactive Interpreter","Testing","Web Security","Data Ingestion / ETL","Functional Programming","Miscellaneous","Supply Chain Security","Date and Time","Machine Learning","Deep Learning","Package Repositories","Built-in Classes Enhancement","Algorithms and Design Patterns","HTTP Clients","File Format Processing","Task Queues","Audio \u0026 Video Processing","Messaging","DevOps Tools","Game Development","Package Management","Search","Configuration Files","Caching","Web Scraping","Data Analysis","Web APIs","Hardware","Environment Management","Serialization","HTML Manipulation","Data Visualization","CLI Tools","Podcasts"],"readme":"# [Awesome Python](https://awesome-python.com/)\n\nAn opinionated guide to the best Python frameworks, libraries, and tools.\n\n**Visit the [website](https://awesome-python.com/) to search and filter projects more easily.**\n\n## **Sponsors**\n\n- [iPulse AI](https://ipulseai.com?utm_source=awesome-python\u0026utm_medium=sponsorship\u0026utm_campaign=sponsor\u0026utm_content=readme) - Open Agentic Investment Research Platform. Inspect deep multi-agent market forecasts and stock picks.\n\n\u003e Sponsor slots open, from $99/month. The **#10 most-starred repo on GitHub**. Put your product in front of Python developers. [Become a sponsor](https://awesome-python.com/sponsorship/).\n\n## Categories\n\n**AI \u0026 ML**\n\n- [AI and Agents](#ai-and-agents)\n- [Deep Learning](#deep-learning)\n- [Machine Learning](#machine-learning)\n- [Natural Language Processing](#natural-language-processing)\n- [Computer Vision](#computer-vision)\n- [Recommender Systems](#recommender-systems)\n\n**Web Development**\n\n- [Web Frameworks](#web-frameworks)\n- [Web APIs](#web-apis)\n- [Web Servers](#web-servers)\n- [WebSocket](#websocket)\n- [Template Engines](#template-engines)\n- [Web Asset Management](#web-asset-management)\n- [Authentication](#authentication)\n- [Admin Panels](#admin-panels)\n- [CMS](#cms)\n- [ERP](#erp)\n- [Static Site Generators](#static-site-generators)\n\n**HTTP \u0026 Scraping**\n\n- [HTTP Clients](#http-clients)\n- [Web Scraping](#web-scraping)\n- [Email](#email)\n\n**Database \u0026 Storage**\n\n- [ORM](#orm)\n- [Database Drivers](#database-drivers)\n- [Database](#database)\n- [Caching](#caching)\n- [Search](#search)\n- [Serialization](#serialization)\n\n**Data \u0026 Science**\n\n- [Data Analysis](#data-analysis)\n- [Data Ingestion / ETL](#data-ingestion--etl)\n- [Data Validation](#data-validation)\n- [Data Visualization](#data-visualization)\n- [Geolocation](#geolocation)\n- [Science](#science)\n- [Quantum Computing](#quantum-computing)\n\n**Developer Tools**\n\n- [Algorithms and Design Patterns](#algorithms-and-design-patterns)\n- [Interactive Interpreter](#interactive-interpreter)\n- [Code Analysis](#code-analysis)\n- [Testing](#testing)\n- [Debugging Tools](#debugging-tools)\n- [Build Tools](#build-tools)\n- [Documentation](#documentation)\n\n**DevOps**\n\n- [DevOps Tools](#devops-tools)\n- [Distributed Computing](#distributed-computing)\n- [Task Queues](#task-queues)\n- [Messaging](#messaging)\n- [Job Schedulers](#job-schedulers)\n- [Logging](#logging)\n- [Network Virtualization](#network-virtualization)\n\n**CLI \u0026 GUI**\n\n- [CLI Development](#cli-development)\n- [CLI Tools](#cli-tools)\n- [GUI Development](#gui-development)\n\n**Text \u0026 Documents**\n\n- [Text Processing](#text-processing)\n- [HTML Manipulation](#html-manipulation)\n- [File Format Processing](#file-format-processing)\n- [File Manipulation](#file-manipulation)\n\n**Media**\n\n- [Image Processing](#image-processing)\n- [Audio \u0026 Video Processing](#audio--video-processing)\n- [Game Development](#game-development)\n\n**Python Language**\n\n- [Implementations](#implementations)\n- [Built-in Classes Enhancement](#built-in-classes-enhancement)\n- [Functional Programming](#functional-programming)\n- [Asynchronous Programming](#asynchronous-programming)\n- [Date and Time](#date-and-time)\n\n**Python Toolchain**\n\n- [Environment Management](#environment-management)\n- [Package Management](#package-management)\n- [Package Repositories](#package-repositories)\n- [Distribution](#distribution)\n- [Configuration Files](#configuration-files)\n\n**Security**\n\n- [Cryptography](#cryptography)\n- [Penetration Testing](#penetration-testing)\n- [Supply Chain Security](#supply-chain-security)\n- [Web Security](#web-security)\n\n**Other**\n\n- [Hardware](#hardware)\n- [Microsoft Windows](#microsoft-windows)\n- [Miscellaneous](#miscellaneous)\n\n## Projects\n\n**AI \u0026 ML**\n\n### AI and Agents\n\n_Libraries for building AI applications, LLM integrations, and autonomous agents._\n\n- Agent Skills\n  - [django-ai-plugins](https://github.com/vintasoftware/django-ai-plugins) - Django backend agent skills for Django, DRF, Celery, and Django-specific code review.\n  - [scientific-agent-skills](https://github.com/K-Dense-AI/scientific-agent-skills) - Agent skills for scientific research and analysis with Python libraries like scikit-learn, polars, and biopython.\n  - [sentry-skills](https://github.com/getsentry/skills) - Agent skills the Sentry team uses for code review, pull requests, and Django reviews.\n  - [trailofbits-skills](https://github.com/trailofbits/skills) - Security skills for vulnerability detection, auditing, and testing.\n  - [wshobson-agents](https://github.com/wshobson/agents) - Plugins, agents, and skills for AI coding tools, including Python skills for testing, async, packaging, and uv.\n- Orchestration\n  - [langchain](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain) - A framework for building agents and LLM-powered applications.\n  - [langgraph](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph) - Low-level orchestration framework for building stateful, long-running LLM agents.\n  - [pydantic-ai](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-ai) - A Python agent framework for building generative AI applications with structured schemas.\n  - [crewai](https://github.com/crewAIInc/crewAI) - A framework for orchestrating role-playing autonomous AI agents for collaborative task solving.\n- Vendor Agent SDKs\n  - [claude-agent-sdk](https://github.com/anthropics/claude-agent-sdk-python) - Anthropic's Python SDK for building AI agents on Claude Code's harness — custom tools, in-process MCP servers, hooks.\n  - [openai-agents](https://github.com/openai/openai-agents-python) - OpenAI's framework for building and managing AI agents.\n  - [google-adk](https://github.com/google/adk-python) - Google's code-first toolkit for building, evaluating, and deploying AI agents.\n- Model Context Protocol\n  - [mcp](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/python-sdk) - The official Python SDK for building Model Context Protocol servers and clients.\n  - [fastmcp](https://github.com/PrefectHQ/fastmcp) - A high-level, Pythonic framework for building MCP servers and clients.\n- Personal Assistants\n  - [hermes-agent](https://github.com/NousResearch/hermes-agent) - An adaptive personal AI assistant that grows with you.\n  - [AstrBot](https://github.com/AstrBotDevs/AstrBot) - A multi-platform AI assistant that connects LLMs to chat apps like Telegram, Slack, and QQ, extensible with Python plugins.\n- Prompt Optimization\n  - [dspy](https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy) - A framework for programming, not prompting, language models.\n- Data Layer\n  - [instructor](https://github.com/567-labs/instructor) - A library for extracting structured data from LLMs, powered by Pydantic.\n  - [llama-index](https://github.com/run-llama/llama_index) - A toolkit for building RAG pipelines and agents over your data.\n  - [mem0](https://github.com/mem0ai/mem0) - An intelligent memory layer for AI agents enabling personalized interactions.\n  - [openviking](https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking) - A context database for AI agents that unifies memory, resources, and skills.\n  - [semantica](https://github.com/semantica-agi/semantica) - A graph-native context and knowledge layer for AI agents with reasoning, provenance, and governance.\n- Pre-trained Models\n  - [transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) - The model-definition framework for pretrained models in text, computer vision, audio, video, and multimodal tasks, for inference and training.\n  - [sentence-transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/sentence-transformers) - Compute embeddings, run retrieval, and rerank results with pretrained and fine-tuned models.\n- Local LLM Inference\n  - [ollama](https://github.com/ollama/ollama-python) - Python client for Ollama, which downloads and runs open-weight LLMs locally.\n  - [llama-cpp-python](https://github.com/abetlen/llama-cpp-python) - Python bindings for llama.cpp, for running GGUF models locally.\n  - [mlx-lm](https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx-lm) - Run and fine-tune large language models on Apple Silicon with MLX.\n- LLM Serving\n  - [vllm](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm) - A high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs.\n  - [sglang](https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang) - A high-performance serving framework for large language models and multimodal models.\n  - [deepinfer](https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepInfer) - DeepSeek's production inference engine for DeepSeek models, with MoE expert parallelism.\n- Image and Video Generation\n  - [diffusers](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers) - Pre-trained diffusion models for generating and editing images, audio, and video.\n- Fine-tuning\n  - [peft](https://github.com/huggingface/peft) - A library for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large pretrained models.\n  - [trl](https://github.com/huggingface/trl) - A library for post-training transformer language models with SFT, DPO, GRPO, and other trainers.\n  - [unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth) - Faster, lower-memory LLM fine-tuning, as a Python library or a desktop app.\n  - [axolotl](https://github.com/axolotl-ai-cloud/axolotl) - A framework for fine-tuning and post-training large language models.\n- Speech\n  - [faster-whisper](https://github.com/SYSTRAN/faster-whisper) - A Whisper reimplementation on CTranslate2, up to 4 times faster than openai-whisper with less memory.\n  - [openai-whisper](https://github.com/openai/whisper) - A general-purpose automatic speech recognition model trained on 680k hours of multilingual and multitask supervised data.\n  - [gTTS](https://github.com/pndurette/gTTS) - Python library and CLI tool for converting text to speech using Google Translate TTS.\n  - [funasr](https://github.com/modelscope/FunASR) - Industrial-grade speech recognition toolkit with speaker diarization and emotion detection.\n\n### Deep Learning\n\n_Frameworks for Neural Networks and Deep Learning. Also see [awesome-deep-learning](https://github.com/ChristosChristofidis/awesome-deep-learning)._\n\n- Frameworks\n  - [pytorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch) - Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration.\n  - [pytorch-lightning](https://github.com/Lightning-AI/pytorch-lightning) - Deep learning framework to train, deploy, and ship AI products Lightning fast.\n  - [jax](https://github.com/jax-ml/jax) - A library for high-performance numerical computing with autodiff and JIT compilation.\n  - [keras](https://github.com/keras-team/keras) - A high-level deep learning library with support for JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends.\n  - [tensorflow](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow) - An end-to-end machine learning platform from Google.\n- Reinforcement Learning\n  - [gymnasium](https://github.com/Farama-Foundation/Gymnasium) - A standard API for reinforcement learning environments with popular reference environments ([gym](https://github.com/openai/gym) successor).\n  - [stable-baselines3](https://github.com/DLR-RM/stable-baselines3) - PyTorch implementations of Stable Baselines (deep) reinforcement learning algorithms.\n\n### Machine Learning\n\n_Libraries for Machine Learning. Also see [awesome-machine-learning](https://github.com/josephmisiti/awesome-machine-learning#python)._\n\n- General\n  - [scikit-learn](https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn) - The most popular Python library for Machine Learning with extensive documentation and community support.\n  - [imbalanced-learn](https://github.com/scikit-learn-contrib/imbalanced-learn) - Resampling techniques for imbalanced datasets, compatible with scikit-learn.\n  - [pgmpy](https://github.com/pgmpy/pgmpy) - A Python library for causal and probabilistic reasoning with graphical models.\n  - [feature-engine](https://github.com/feature-engine/feature_engine) - sklearn compatible API with the widest toolset for feature engineering and selection.\n- Gradient Boosting\n  - [xgboost](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost) - A scalable, portable, and distributed gradient boosting library.\n  - [lightgbm](https://github.com/lightgbm-org/LightGBM) - A fast, distributed, high performance gradient boosting framework.\n  - [catboost](https://github.com/catboost/catboost) - A fast, scalable, high performance gradient boosting on decision trees library.\n- Time Series Forecasting\n  - [prophet](https://github.com/facebook/prophet) - A tool for producing forecasts for time series with multiple seasonality and trend changes.\n  - [statsforecast](https://github.com/Nixtla/statsforecast) - Fast statistical forecasting models such as ARIMA, ETS, and Theta, compiled with numba.\n  - [sktime](https://github.com/sktime/sktime) - A unified scikit-learn-style framework for forecasting and other time-series learning tasks.\n  - [timesfm](https://github.com/google-research/timesfm) - A pretrained foundation model from Google Research for time-series forecasting, with non-commercial default weights.\n- Hyperparameter Optimization\n  - [optuna](https://github.com/optuna/optuna) - A hyperparameter optimization framework with define-by-run search spaces and pruning of unpromising trials.\n  - [hyperopt](https://github.com/hyperopt/hyperopt) - Distributed asynchronous hyperparameter optimization with Tree-structured Parzen Estimators.\n\n### Natural Language Processing\n\n_Libraries for working with human languages._\n\n- General\n  - [nltk](https://github.com/nltk/nltk) - A leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data.\n  - [spacy](https://github.com/explosion/spaCy) - A library for industrial-strength natural language processing in Python and Cython.\n  - [gensim](https://github.com/piskvorky/gensim) - Topic Modeling for Humans.\n  - [stanza](https://github.com/stanfordnlp/stanza) - The Stanford NLP Group's official Python library, supporting 60+ languages.\n- Chinese\n  - [jieba](https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba) - The most popular Chinese text segmentation library.\n  - [pypinyin](https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin) - Convert Chinese hanzi (漢字) to pinyin (拼音).\n  - [OpenCC](https://github.com/BYVoid/OpenCC) - Traditional/Simplified Chinese conversion with regional variants and phrase-level rules.\n  - [pangu.py](https://github.com/vinta/pangu.py) - Paranoid text spacing.\n\n### Computer Vision\n\n_Libraries for image and video analysis, object detection, and OCR._\n\n- General\n  - [opencv-python](https://github.com/opencv/opencv-python) - Open Source Computer Vision Library.\n  - [ultralytics](https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics) - Ultralytics YOLO for object detection, segmentation, pose estimation, classification, and tracking.\n  - [kornia](https://github.com/kornia/kornia) - Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch.\n  - [fiftyone](https://github.com/voxel51/fiftyone) - The open-source tool for building high-quality datasets and computer vision models.\n- OCR\n  - [pytesseract](https://github.com/madmaze/pytesseract) - A wrapper for the [Tesseract OCR](https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract) engine.\n  - [easyocr](https://github.com/JaidedAI/EasyOCR) - Ready-to-use OCR with 80+ languages supported.\n  - [paddleocr](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/PaddleOCR) - Multilingual OCR and document parsing toolkit based on PaddlePaddle.\n\n### Recommender Systems\n\n_Libraries for building recommender systems._\n\n- [annoy](https://github.com/spotify/annoy) - Approximate Nearest Neighbors in C++/Python optimized for memory usage.\n- [implicit](https://github.com/benfred/implicit) - A fast Python implementation of collaborative filtering for implicit datasets.\n- [scikit-surprise](https://github.com/NicolasHug/Surprise) - A scikit for building and analyzing recommender systems.\n\n**Web Development**\n\n### Web Frameworks\n\n_Traditional full stack web frameworks. Also see [Web APIs](#web-apis)._\n\n- Synchronous\n  - [flask](https://github.com/pallets/flask) - A microframework for Python.\n    - [awesome-flask](https://github.com/humiaozuzu/awesome-flask)\n  - [django](https://github.com/django/django) - A high-level web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.\n    - [awesome-django](https://github.com/wsvincent/awesome-django)\n  - [bottle](https://github.com/bottlepy/bottle) - A fast and simple micro-framework distributed as a single file with no dependencies.\n  - [pyramid](https://github.com/Pylons/pyramid) - A small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework.\n  - [fasthtml](https://github.com/AnswerDotAI/fasthtml) - The fastest way to create an HTML app.\n- Asynchronous\n  - [starlette](https://github.com/Kludex/starlette) - A lightweight ASGI framework and toolkit for building high-performance async services.\n  - [tornado](https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado) - A web framework and asynchronous networking library.\n  - [litestar](https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar) - Production-ready, capable and extensible ASGI Web framework.\n  - [reflex](https://github.com/reflex-dev/reflex) - A framework for building reactive, full-stack web applications entirely with Python.\n\n### Web APIs\n\n_Libraries for building RESTful, GraphQL, and RPC APIs._\n\n- Django\n  - [django-rest-framework](https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework) - A powerful and flexible toolkit to build web APIs.\n  - [django-ninja](https://github.com/vitalik/django-ninja) - Fast, Django REST framework based on type hints and Pydantic.\n  - [strawberry-django](https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry-django) - Strawberry GraphQL integration with Django.\n  - [django-modern-rest](https://github.com/wemake-services/django-modern-rest) - Modern REST with speed, types, async, `msgspec`, `pydantic` and other goodies.\n- Flask\n  - [flask-restx](https://github.com/python-restx/flask-restx) - Fully featured framework for fast, easy and documented API development with Flask.\n  - [flask-smorest](https://github.com/marshmallow-code/flask-smorest) - A Flask/Marshmallow-based REST API framework with automatic OpenAPI documentation.\n  - [apiflask](https://github.com/apiflask/apiflask) - A lightweight Python web API framework based on Flask, supporting marshmallow schemas and Pydantic models.\n- Framework Agnostic\n  - [fastapi](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi) - A modern, fast, web framework for building APIs with standard Python type hints.\n  - [strawberry](https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry) - A GraphQL library that leverages Python type annotations for schema definition.\n  - [connexion](https://github.com/spec-first/connexion) - A spec-first framework that handles requests based on your OpenAPI specification.\n- RPC\n  - [grpcio](https://github.com/grpc/grpc) - HTTP/2-based RPC framework with Python bindings, built by Google.\n\n### Web Servers\n\n_ASGI and WSGI compatible web servers._\n\n- ASGI\n  - [uvicorn](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn) - A lightning-fast ASGI server implementation.\n  - [granian](https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian) - A Rust HTTP server for Python apps built on Hyper and Tokio, supporting WSGI/ASGI/RSGI.\n  - [hypercorn](https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn) - An ASGI and WSGI Server based on Hyper libraries and inspired by Gunicorn.\n- WSGI\n  - [gunicorn](https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn) - A pre-fork WSGI server with a native ASGI worker, ported from Ruby's Unicorn project.\n  - [waitress](https://github.com/Pylons/waitress) - Multi-threaded, powers Pyramid.\n\n### WebSocket\n\n_Libraries for working with WebSocket._\n\n- [websockets](https://github.com/python-websockets/websockets) - A library for building WebSocket servers and clients with a focus on correctness and simplicity.\n- [channels](https://github.com/django/channels) - Brings WebSocket, long-poll HTTP, and other async support to Django.\n- [flask-socketio](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/Flask-SocketIO) - Socket.IO integration for Flask applications.\n- [autobahn-python](https://github.com/crossbario/autobahn-python) - WebSocket \u0026 WAMP for Python on Twisted and [asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html).\n\n### Template Engines\n\n_Libraries for rendering text and HTML from templates._\n\n- [jinja](https://github.com/pallets/jinja) - A modern and designer friendly templating language.\n- [mako](https://github.com/sqlalchemy/mako) - Hyperfast and lightweight templating for the Python platform.\n\n### Web Asset Management\n\n_Tools for managing, storing, compressing and minifying website assets._\n\n- [whitenoise](https://github.com/evansd/whitenoise) - Simplified static file serving for WSGI apps, with compression and caching headers.\n- [django-storages](https://github.com/jschneier/django-storages) - A collection of custom storage back ends for Django.\n- [django-compressor](https://github.com/django-compressor/django-compressor) - Compresses linked and inline JavaScript or CSS into a single cached file.\n\n### Authentication\n\n_Libraries for implementing authentication schemes._\n\n- OAuth\n  - [oauthlib](https://github.com/oauthlib/oauthlib) - A generic and thorough implementation of the OAuth request-signing logic.\n  - [authlib](https://github.com/authlib/authlib) - A comprehensive library for building OAuth, OpenID Connect, and JWT/JWS/JWE/JWK/JWA.\n  - [django-allauth](https://github.com/pennersr/django-allauth) - Authentication app for Django that \"just works.\"\n  - [django-oauth-toolkit](https://github.com/django-oauth/django-oauth-toolkit) - An OAuth 2.0 authorization server for Django.\n- JWT\n  - [pyjwt](https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt) - JSON Web Token implementation in Python.\n- Permissions\n  - [django-guardian](https://github.com/django-guardian/django-guardian) - Implementation of per-object permissions for Django.\n  - [django-rules](https://github.com/dfunckt/django-rules) - A tiny but powerful app for object-level permissions in Django, without a database.\n\n### Admin Panels\n\n_Libraries for administrative interfaces._\n\n- [flask-admin](https://github.com/pallets-eco/flask-admin) - Simple and extensible administrative interface framework for Flask.\n- [django-unfold](https://github.com/unfoldadmin/django-unfold) - A modern Django admin theme for building dashboards, internal tools, and business applications.\n- [sqladmin](https://github.com/smithyhq/sqladmin) - An admin interface for SQLAlchemy models in FastAPI and Starlette.\n- [django-grappelli](https://github.com/sehmaschine/django-grappelli) - A jazzy skin for the Django Admin-Interface.\n\n### CMS\n\n_Content Management Systems._\n\n- [wagtail](https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail) - A Django content management system.\n- [django-cms](https://github.com/django-cms/django-cms) - The easy-to-use and developer-friendly enterprise CMS powered by Django.\n\n### ERP\n\n_Enterprise resource planning frameworks._\n\n- [odoo](https://github.com/odoo/odoo) - A suite of open source business apps: CRM, e-commerce, accounting, inventory, and thousands of community modules.\n\n### Static Site Generators\n\n_Static site generator is a software that takes some text + templates as input and produces HTML files on the output._\n\n- [pelican](https://github.com/getpelican/pelican) - Static site generator that supports Markdown and reST syntax.\n- [nikola](https://github.com/getnikola/nikola) - A static website and blog generator.\n\n**HTTP \u0026 Scraping**\n\n### HTTP Clients\n\n_Libraries for working with HTTP._\n\n- General\n  - [requests](https://github.com/psf/requests) - HTTP Requests for Humans.\n  - [aiohttp](https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp) - Asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python.\n  - [httpx2](https://github.com/pydantic/httpx2) - HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 client with sync and async APIs, maintained by Pydantic ([httpx](https://github.com/encode/httpx) fork).\n  - [urllib3](https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3) - An HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more.\n  - [httpx](https://github.com/encode/httpx) - A next generation HTTP client for Python.\n- URL Manipulation\n  - [yarl](https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl) - Yet another URL library.\n\n### Web Scraping\n\n_Libraries to automate web scraping and extract web content._\n\n- Frameworks\n  - [browser-use](https://github.com/browser-use/browser-use) - Make websites accessible for AI agents with easy browser automation.\n  - [scrapy](https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy) - A fast high-level web crawling and scraping framework.\n  - [crawl4ai](https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai) - An open-source, LLM-friendly web crawler that provides lightning-fast, structured data extraction specifically designed for AI agents.\n  - [stagehand](https://github.com/browserbase/stagehand) - A fast and token-efficient browser automation SDK to extract data and perform self-healing actions on web pages.\n  - [scrapling](https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling) - An adaptive scraping framework whose selectors relocate elements after page changes, with stealth fetchers and spiders.\n- Content Extraction\n  - [markdownify](https://github.com/matthewwithanm/python-markdownify) - Convert HTML to Markdown, with customizable tag handling.\n  - [feedparser](https://github.com/kurtmckee/feedparser) - Universal feed parser.\n  - [trafilatura](https://github.com/adbar/trafilatura) - A tool for gathering text and metadata from the web, with built-in content filtering.\n\n### Email\n\n_Libraries for sending email._\n\n- [aiosmtplib](https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib) - An asyncio SMTP client.\n- [django-anymail](https://github.com/anymail/django-anymail) - Django email backends and webhooks for transactional email services such as Amazon SES, Brevo, Mailgun, Postmark, and Resend.\n- [yagmail](https://github.com/kootenpv/yagmail) - Yet another Gmail/SMTP client.\n\n**Database \u0026 Storage**\n\n### ORM\n\n_Libraries that implement Object-Relational Mapping or data mapping techniques._\n\n- Relational Databases\n  - [sqlalchemy](https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy) - The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper.\n    - [awesome-sqlalchemy](https://github.com/dahlia/awesome-sqlalchemy)\n  - [django.db.models](https://github.com/django/django) - (part of Django) The Django [ORM](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/topics/db/models/).\n  - [peewee](https://github.com/coleifer/peewee) - A small, expressive ORM.\n  - [sqlmodel](https://github.com/fastapi/sqlmodel) - SQLModel is based on Python type annotations, and powered by Pydantic and SQLAlchemy.\n- NoSQL Databases\n  - [pynamodb](https://github.com/pynamodb/PynamoDB) - A Pythonic interface for [Amazon DynamoDB](https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/).\n  - [mongoengine](https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine) - A Python Object-Document-Mapper for working with MongoDB.\n  - [beanie](https://github.com/BeanieODM/beanie) - An asynchronous Python object-document mapper (ODM) for MongoDB.\n  - [django-mongodb-backend](https://github.com/mongodb/django-mongodb-backend) - Official MongoDB database backend for Django.\n\n### Database Drivers\n\n_Libraries for connecting and operating databases._\n\n- MySQL - [awesome-mysql](https://github.com/shlomi-noach/awesome-mysql)\n  - [pymysql](https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL) - A pure-Python MySQL and MariaDB client library, based on PEP 249.\n  - [mysqlclient](https://github.com/PyMySQL/mysqlclient) - MySQL and MariaDB connector ([MySQLdb1](https://github.com/farcepest/MySQLdb1) fork).\n- PostgreSQL - [awesome-postgres](https://github.com/dhamaniasad/awesome-postgres)\n  - [psycopg](https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg) - A PostgreSQL adapter for Python, the successor to psycopg2.\n  - [asyncpg](https://github.com/MagicStack/asyncpg) - A fast PostgreSQL Database Client Library for Python/asyncio.\n  - [pgvector](https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector-python) - pgvector support for Python, adding vector types and similarity search to psycopg, asyncpg, SQLAlchemy, and Django.\n- SQLite - [awesome-sqlite](https://github.com/planetopendata/awesome-sqlite)\n  - [sqlite3](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html) - (Python standard library) SQLite interface compliant with DB-API 2.0.\n  - [apsw](https://github.com/rogerbinns/apsw) - Another Python SQLite Wrapper, exposing the complete SQLite C API.\n  - [sqlite-utils](https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils) - Python CLI utility and library for manipulating SQLite databases.\n- ClickHouse\n  - [clickhouse-connect](https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-connect) - The official ClickHouse client, with SQLAlchemy and Superset connectors.\n  - [clickhouse-driver](https://github.com/mymarilyn/clickhouse-driver) - Python driver with native interface for ClickHouse.\n- Other Relational Databases\n  - [pyodbc](https://github.com/mkleehammer/pyodbc) - An ODBC bridge for connecting to SQL Server and any other ODBC-accessible database.\n  - [oracledb](https://github.com/oracle/python-oracledb) - The official Python driver for Oracle Database, successor to cx_Oracle.\n  - [mssql-python](https://github.com/microsoft/mssql-python) - Official Microsoft driver for SQL Server and Azure SQL, built on ODBC for high performance.\n- NoSQL Databases\n  - [redis](https://github.com/redis/redis-py) - The Python client for Redis.\n  - [pymongo](https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-python-driver) - The official Python client for MongoDB.\n  - [cassandra-driver](https://github.com/apache/cassandra-python-driver) - The Python Driver for Apache Cassandra.\n\n### Database\n\n_In-process databases usable directly from Python._\n\n- Analytical\n  - [duckdb](https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb) - An in-process SQL OLAP database management system; optimized for analytics and fast queries, similar to SQLite but for analytical workloads.\n  - [chdb](https://github.com/chdb-io/chdb) - In-process OLAP SQL engine with the full ClickHouse dialect, zero-copy pandas/Arrow interop, and federation to remote ClickHouse clusters via `remoteSecure()`.\n- Vector\n  - [lancedb](https://github.com/lancedb/lancedb) - A developer-friendly embedded retrieval database for multimodal AI.\n  - [chromadb](https://github.com/chroma-core/chroma) - An open-source embedding database for building AI applications with semantic search.\n  - [zvec](https://github.com/alibaba/zvec) - A lightweight, in-process vector database that embeds directly into applications.\n- Key-Value \u0026 Document\n  - [tinydb](https://github.com/msiemens/tinydb) - A tiny, document-oriented database.\n\n### Caching\n\n_Libraries for caching data._\n\n- General\n  - [cachetools](https://github.com/tkem/cachetools) - Extensible memoizing collections and decorators.\n  - [diskcache](https://github.com/grantjenks/python-diskcache) - SQLite and file backed cache backend, compatible with Django.\n  - [dogpile.cache](https://github.com/sqlalchemy/dogpile.cache) - A caching API for Redis, Memcached, and others, with coordinated value regeneration.\n- HTTP Responses\n  - [hishel](https://github.com/karpetrosyan/hishel) - RFC 9111 compliant HTTP caching for clients like httpx and requests and servers like FastAPI, with sync and async support.\n- Django\n  - [django-redis](https://github.com/jazzband/django-redis) - Full-featured Redis cache backend for Django.\n  - [django-cacheops](https://github.com/Suor/django-cacheops) - A slick ORM cache with automatic granular event-driven invalidation.\n\n### Search\n\n_Libraries and software for indexing and performing search queries on data._\n\n- Full-Text Search\n  - [opensearch-py](https://github.com/opensearch-project/opensearch-py) - The official low-level Python client for [OpenSearch](https://opensearch.org/).\n  - [elasticsearch](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-py) - The official low-level Python client for [Elasticsearch](https://www.elastic.co/elasticsearch).\n  - [meilisearch](https://github.com/meilisearch/meilisearch-python) - The official Python client for the [Meilisearch](https://www.meilisearch.com/) search engine.\n  - [django-haystack](https://github.com/django-haystack/django-haystack) - Modular search for Django.\n- Vector Search\n  - [faiss-cpu](https://github.com/facebookresearch/faiss) - A library for efficient similarity search and clustering of dense vectors.\n\n### Serialization\n\n_Libraries for serializing complex data types._\n\n- Data Formats\n  - [msgpack](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-python) - MessagePack serializer implementation for Python.\n  - [orjson](https://github.com/ijl/orjson) - Fast, correct JSON library.\n  - [marshmallow](https://github.com/marshmallow-code/marshmallow) - A lightweight library for converting complex objects to and from simple Python datatypes.\n  - [msgspec](https://github.com/msgspec/msgspec) - A fast serialization and validation library supporting JSON, MessagePack, YAML, and TOML.\n- Object Pickling\n  - [cloudpickle](https://github.com/cloudpipe/cloudpickle) - Extends pickle to functions, lambdas, and interactively defined classes, for shipping code to remote workers.\n  - [dill](https://github.com/uqfoundation/dill) - Extends pickle to serialize almost any object, including closures and interpreter sessions.\n\n**Data \u0026 Science**\n\n### Data Analysis\n\n_Libraries for data analysis._\n\n- [pandas](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas) - A library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools.\n- [polars](https://github.com/pola-rs/polars) - A fast DataFrame library implemented in Rust with a Python API.\n- [ibis-framework](https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis) - A portable Python dataframe library with a single API for 20+ backends.\n\n### Data Ingestion / ETL\n\n_Libraries for data extraction, transformation, and loading pipelines across multiple sources and destinations._\n\n- General\n  - [awswrangler](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-pandas) - Pandas integration with AWS services like Athena, Glue, Redshift, S3, and DynamoDB.\n  - [dlt](https://github.com/dlt-hub/dlt) - A Python library for building data pipelines with automatic schema inference, incremental loading, and support for multiple sources and destinations.\n- Financial Data\n  - [yfinance](https://github.com/ranaroussi/yfinance) - Easy Pythonic way to download market and financial data from Yahoo Finance.\n  - [akshare](https://github.com/akfamily/akshare) - A financial data interface library, with data provided for academic research only.\n  - [edgartools](https://github.com/dgunning/edgartools) - Downloads SEC EDGAR filings and XBRL financial statements as structured data.\n  - [openbb](https://github.com/openbq-org/OpenBB) - A financial data platform for analysts, quants and AI agents.\n\n### Data Validation\n\n_Libraries for validating data._\n\n- [pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic) - Data validation using Python type hints.\n- [jsonschema](https://github.com/python-jsonschema/jsonschema) - An implementation of [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/) for Python.\n- [great-expectations](https://github.com/fivetran/great_expectations) - A data quality framework for validating, documenting, and profiling data with declarative expectations.\n- [pandera](https://github.com/unionai-oss/pandera) - A data validation library for dataframes, with support for pandas, polars, PySpark, and more.\n\n### Data Visualization\n\n_Libraries for visualizing data. Also see [awesome-javascript](https://github.com/sorrycc/awesome-javascript#data-visualization)._\n\n- Plotting\n  - [matplotlib](https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib) - A comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations.\n  - [plotly](https://github.com/plotly/plotly.py) - Interactive graphing library for Python.\n  - [seaborn](https://github.com/mwaskom/seaborn) - Statistical data visualization using Matplotlib.\n  - [altair](https://github.com/vega/altair) - Declarative statistical visualization library for Python.\n  - [bokeh](https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh) - Interactive Web Plotting for Python.\n- Specialized\n  - [graphviz](https://github.com/xflr6/graphviz) - Simple Python interface for creating and rendering Graphviz graphs.\n  - [cartopy](https://github.com/SciTools/cartopy) - A cartographic Python library with matplotlib support.\n  - [graphify](https://github.com/Graphify-Labs/graphify) - Turns code, SQL schemas, docs, papers, images, or videos into a queryable knowledge graph.\n- Dashboards and Apps\n  - [streamlit](https://github.com/streamlit/streamlit) - A framework which lets you build dashboards, generate reports, or create chat apps in minutes.\n  - [dash](https://github.com/plotly/dash) - A framework for building data apps and dashboards in pure Python, built on Plotly.\n  - [gradio](https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio) - Build and share machine learning apps, all in Python.\n\n### Geolocation\n\n_Libraries for geocoding addresses and working with latitudes and longitudes._\n\n- [geopandas](https://github.com/geopandas/geopandas) - Python tools for geographic data (GeoSeries/GeoDataFrame) built on pandas.\n- [geopy](https://github.com/geopy/geopy) - Python Geocoding Toolbox.\n- [geojson](https://github.com/jazzband/geojson) - Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON.\n- [geodjango](https://github.com/django/django) - (part of Django) A world-class [geographic web framework](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/ref/contrib/gis/).\n\n### Science\n\n_Libraries for scientific computing. Also see [Python-for-Scientists](https://github.com/TomNicholas/Python-for-Scientists)._\n\n- Core\n  - [numpy](https://github.com/numpy/numpy) - A fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.\n  - [scipy](https://github.com/scipy/scipy) - Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python.\n  - [numba](https://github.com/numba/numba) - A NumPy-aware JIT compiler for Python, using LLVM.\n- Symbolic Mathematics\n  - [sympy](https://github.com/sympy/sympy) - A Python library for symbolic mathematics.\n- Statistics\n  - [statsmodels](https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels) - Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python.\n- Biology and Chemistry\n  - [rdkit](https://github.com/rdkit/rdkit) - Cheminformatics and Machine Learning Software.\n  - [biopython](https://github.com/biopython/biopython) - Biopython is a set of freely available tools for biological computation.\n- Physics and Engineering\n  - [pint](https://github.com/hgrecco/pint) - Operate and manipulate physical quantities with units and dimensional analysis.\n  - [astropy](https://github.com/astropy/astropy) - A community Python library for Astronomy.\n  - [obspy](https://github.com/obspy/obspy) - A Python toolbox for seismology.\n- Simulation and Modeling\n  - [pymc](https://github.com/pymc-devs/pymc) - Probabilistic programming and Bayesian modeling in Python.\n  - [simpy](https://gitlab.com/team-simpy/simpy) - A process-based discrete-event simulation framework.\n  - [mesa](https://github.com/mesa/mesa) - An agent-based modeling framework for building, analyzing, and visualizing complex system simulations.\n- Graphs and Networks\n  - [networkx](https://github.com/networkx/networkx) - A high-productivity software for complex networks.\n- Computational Geometry\n  - [shapely](https://github.com/shapely/shapely) - Manipulation and analysis of geometric objects in the Cartesian plane.\n- Other\n  - [colour-science](https://github.com/colour-science/colour) - Implementing a comprehensive number of colour theory transformations and algorithms.\n  - [manim](https://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim) - An animation engine for explanatory math videos.\n\n### Quantum Computing\n\n_Libraries for quantum computing._\n\n- [qiskit](https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit) - An IBM-backed quantum SDK for building, simulating, and running circuits on real quantum hardware.\n- [qutip](https://github.com/qutip/qutip) - Quantum Toolbox in Python.\n- [pennylane](https://github.com/PennyLaneAI/pennylane) - A cross-platform library for quantum computing, quantum ML, and quantum chemistry.\n- [cirq](https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq) - A Google-developed framework focused on hardware-aware quantum circuit design for NISQ devices.\n\n**Developer Tools**\n\n### Algorithms and Design Patterns\n\n_Python implementation of data structures, algorithms and design patterns. Also see [awesome-algorithms](https://github.com/tayllan/awesome-algorithms)._\n\n- Algorithms\n  - [sortedcontainers](https://github.com/grantjenks/python-sortedcontainers) - Fast and pure-Python implementation of sorted collections.\n  - [algorithms](https://github.com/keon/algorithms) - Minimal examples of data structures and algorithms.\n  - [thealgorithms](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python) - All Algorithms implemented in Python.\n- Design Patterns\n  - [python-patterns](https://github.com/faif/python-patterns) - A collection of design patterns and idioms in Python.\n  - [python-statemachine](https://github.com/fgmacedo/python-statemachine) - Expressive statecharts and finite state machines with a declarative API, in sync and async codebases.\n\n### Interactive Interpreter\n\n_Interactive Python interpreters (REPL)._\n\n- [ipython](https://github.com/ipython/ipython) - A powerful interactive Python shell, and the kernel behind Jupyter notebooks.\n- [notebook](https://github.com/jupyter/notebook) - A web-based notebook environment for interactive computing.\n  - [awesome-jupyter](https://github.com/markusschanta/awesome-jupyter)\n- [marimo](https://github.com/marimo-team/marimo) - A reactive notebook for Python, stored as pure Python and runnable as a script or app.\n- [ptpython](https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/ptpython) - Advanced Python REPL built on top of the [python-prompt-toolkit](https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit).\n\n### Code Analysis\n\n_Tools of static analysis, linters and code quality checkers. Also see [awesome-static-analysis](https://github.com/analysis-tools-dev/static-analysis)._\n\n- General\n  - [import-linter](https://github.com/seddonym/import-linter) - A linter that enforces architectural constraints on imports between Python modules.\n  - [vulture](https://github.com/jendrikseipp/vulture) - A tool for finding and analyzing dead Python code.\n  - [complexipy](https://github.com/rohaquinlop/complexipy) - Cognitive complexity analysis for Python code, written in Rust.\n  - [prospector](https://github.com/prospector-dev/prospector) - A tool to analyze Python code.\n- Git Hooks\n  - [pre-commit](https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit) - A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.\n- Linters and Formatters\n  - [ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff) - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter.\n  - [black](https://github.com/psf/black) - The uncompromising Python code formatter.\n  - [isort](https://github.com/PyCQA/isort) - A Python utility / library to sort imports.\n  - [pylint](https://github.com/pylint-dev/pylint) - A fully customizable source code analyzer.\n  - [flake8](https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8) - A wrapper around `pycodestyle`, `pyflakes` and McCabe.\n    - [awesome-flake8-extensions](https://github.com/DmytroLitvinov/awesome-flake8-extensions)\n  - [bandit](https://github.com/PyCQA/bandit) - A tool designed to find common security issues in Python code.\n- Refactoring\n  - [rope](https://github.com/python-rope/rope) - Rope is a Python refactoring library.\n  - [ast-grep-cli](https://github.com/ast-grep/ast-grep) - A CLI tool for structural code search, linting, and rewriting based on syntax trees.\n- Type Checkers - [awesome-python-typing](https://github.com/typeddjango/awesome-python-typing)\n  - [mypy](https://github.com/python/mypy) - A static type checker for Python.\n  - [ty](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty) - An extremely fast Python type checker and language server.\n  - [pyright](https://github.com/microsoft/pyright) - Full-featured static type checker for Python from Microsoft, the engine behind Pylance.\n  - [pyrefly](https://github.com/facebook/pyrefly) - A fast type checker and language server for Python.\n\n### Testing\n\n_Libraries for testing codebases and generating test data. Also see [awesome-python-testing](https://github.com/cleder/awesome-python-testing)._\n\n- Frameworks\n  - [pytest](https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest) - A mature full-featured Python testing tool.\n    - [awesome-pytest](https://github.com/augustogoulart/awesome-pytest)\n  - [hypothesis](https://github.com/HypothesisWorks/hypothesis) - Hypothesis is an advanced Quickcheck style property based testing library.\n  - [robotframework](https://github.com/robotframework/robotframework) - A generic test automation framework.\n- Test Runners\n  - [tox](https://github.com/tox-dev/tox) - Auto builds and tests distributions in multiple Python versions.\n  - [nox](https://github.com/wntrblm/nox) - Flexible test automation for Python.\n- Browser Automation\n  - [playwright-python](https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python) - Python version of the Playwright testing and automation library.\n  - [selenium](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium) - Python bindings for [Selenium](https://selenium.dev/) [WebDriver](https://selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/).\n  - [seleniumbase](https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase) - Python framework for web automation \u0026 testing, with stealth options.\n- Load Testing\n  - [locust](https://github.com/locustio/locust) - Scalable user load testing tool written in Python.\n- API Testing\n  - [schemathesis](https://github.com/schemathesis/schemathesis) - Automatic property-based testing of web APIs from OpenAPI or GraphQL schemas.\n- Mock\n  - [unittest.mock](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html) - (Python standard library) A mocking and patching library.\n  - [responses](https://github.com/getsentry/responses) - A utility library for mocking out the requests Python library.\n  - [vcrpy](https://github.com/kevin1024/vcrpy) - Record and replay HTTP interactions on your tests.\n  - [respx](https://github.com/lundberg/respx) - Mock HTTPX with awesome request patterns and response side effects.\n  - [time-machine](https://github.com/adamchainz/time-machine) - Travel through time in your tests by mocking the current time at the C level.\n- Object Factories\n  - [factory-boy](https://github.com/FactoryBoy/factory_boy) - A test fixtures replacement for Python.\n  - [polyfactory](https://github.com/litestar-org/polyfactory) - A mock data generation library based on type hints (continuation of `pydantic-factories`).\n- Code Coverage\n  - [coverage](https://github.com/coveragepy/coveragepy) - Code coverage measurement.\n- Fake Data\n  - [faker](https://github.com/joke2k/faker) - A Python package that generates fake data.\n  - [mimesis](https://github.com/lk-geimfari/mimesis) - A Python library for generating fake but realistic data in multiple languages and locales.\n\n### Debugging Tools\n\n_Libraries for debugging code._\n\n- pdb-like Debugger\n  - [ipdb](https://github.com/gotcha/ipdb) - IPython-enabled [pdb](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pdb.html).\n  - [pudb](https://github.com/inducer/pudb) - A full-screen, console-based Python debugger.\n- Tracing\n  - [viztracer](https://github.com/gaogaotiantian/viztracer) - A low-overhead tool that traces and visualizes Python code execution.\n- Profiler\n  - [py-spy](https://github.com/benfred/py-spy) - A sampling profiler for Python programs. Written in Rust.\n  - [memray](https://github.com/bloomberg/memray) - Tracks memory allocations in Python code, native extensions, and the interpreter itself.\n  - [pyinstrument](https://github.com/joerick/pyinstrument) - A statistical wall-clock profiler with low overhead and readable call-tree output.\n  - [scalene](https://github.com/plasma-umass/scalene) - A high-performance, high-precision CPU, GPU, and memory profiler for Python.\n- Others\n  - [django-debug-toolbar](https://github.com/django-commons/django-debug-toolbar) - Display various debug information for Django.\n  - [django-silk](https://github.com/jazzband/django-silk) - Live profiling and inspection of HTTP requests and database queries for Django.\n  - [icecream](https://github.com/gruns/icecream) - Inspect variables, expressions, and program execution with a single, simple function call.\n  - [flask-debugtoolbar](https://github.com/pallets-eco/flask-debugtoolbar) - A port of the django-debug-toolbar to flask.\n\n### Build Tools\n\n_Task runners and software build tools. If you're looking for Python packaging/build tools, see [Package Management](#package-management)._\n\n- [invoke](https://github.com/pyinvoke/invoke) - A tool for managing shell-oriented subprocesses and organizing executable Python code into CLI-invokable tasks.\n- [poethepoet](https://github.com/nat-n/poethepoet) - A task runner that defines tasks in pyproject.toml and works with poetry or uv.\n- [scons](https://github.com/SCons/scons) - A software construction tool.\n- [doit](https://github.com/pydoit/doit) - A task runner and build tool.\n\n### Documentation\n\n_Libraries for generating project documentation._\n\n- [sphinx](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx) - Python Documentation generator.\n  - [awesome-sphinxdoc](https://github.com/ygzgxyz/awesome-sphinxdoc)\n- [mkdocs-material](https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material) - A documentation framework and Material Design theme built on MkDocs.\n- [diagrams](https://github.com/mingrammer/diagrams) - Diagram as Code.\n- [pdoc](https://github.com/mitmproxy/pdoc) - Auto-generates API documentation for Python projects.\n- [zensical](https://github.com/zensical/zensical) - A modern static site generator for technical documentation.\n\n**DevOps**\n\n### DevOps Tools\n\n_Software and libraries for DevOps._\n\n- Cloud Providers\n  - [boto3](https://github.com/boto/boto3) - Python interface to Amazon Web Services.\n  - [awscli](https://github.com/aws/aws-cli) - Universal Command Line Interface for Amazon Web Services; the PyPI package is v1, in maintenance mode, while v2 ships as AWS's bundled installer.\n  - [azure-sdk-for-python](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python) - Microsoft Azure SDK for Python, published as per-service packages.\n  - [google-cloud-python](https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-python) - Google Cloud client libraries for Python, published as per-service packages.\n- Configuration Management\n  - [ansible](https://github.com/ansible/ansible) - A radically simple IT automation platform.\n  - [cloud-init](https://github.com/canonical/cloud-init) - A multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance.\n  - [pyinfra](https://github.com/pyinfra-dev/pyinfra) - Turns Python code into shell commands and runs them on your servers.\n  - [salt](https://github.com/saltstack/salt) - Infrastructure automation and management system.\n- Deployment\n  - [fabric](https://github.com/fabric/fabric) - A simple, Pythonic tool for remote execution and deployment.\n  - [chalice](https://github.com/aws/chalice) - A Python serverless microframework for AWS.\n- Monitoring and Processes\n  - [psutil](https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil) - A cross-platform process and system utilities module.\n  - [sentry-sdk](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-python) - Sentry SDK for Python.\n  - [supervisor](https://github.com/Supervisor/supervisor) - Supervisor process control system for UNIX.\n  - [flower](https://github.com/mher/flower) - A real-time monitor and web admin for Celery task queues.\n  - [sh](https://github.com/amoffat/sh) - A full-fledged subprocess replacement for Python.\n- Other\n  - [borgbackup](https://github.com/borgbackup/borg) - A deduplicating archiver with compression and encryption.\n\n### Distributed Computing\n\n_Frameworks and libraries for Distributed Computing._\n\n- [pyspark](https://github.com/apache/spark) - [Apache Spark](https://spark.apache.org/) Python API.\n- [dask](https://github.com/dask/dask) - A flexible parallel computing library for analytic computing.\n- [ray](https://github.com/ray-project/ray) - A unified framework for scaling AI and Python applications.\n- [joblib](https://github.com/joblib/joblib) - Parallel computing and disk-based caching for Python functions.\n- [mpi4py](https://github.com/mpi4py/mpi4py) - Python bindings for MPI.\n\n### Task Queues\n\n_Libraries for working with task queues._\n\n- [celery](https://github.com/celery/celery) - An asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing.\n- [rq](https://github.com/rq/rq) - Simple job queues for Python.\n- [dramatiq](https://github.com/Bogdanp/dramatiq) - A fast and reliable background task processing library for Python 3.\n- [huey](https://github.com/coleifer/huey) - A little task queue with multi-process, multi-thread, or greenlet workers.\n- [taskiq](https://github.com/taskiq-python/taskiq) - Distributed task queue with native asyncio support and pluggable brokers.\n\n### Messaging\n\n_Libraries for working with message brokers and event streaming._\n\n- [confluent-kafka](https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-python) - Confluent's Python client for Apache Kafka, built on librdkafka.\n- [pika](https://github.com/pika/pika) - Pure-Python RabbitMQ/AMQP 0-9-1 client library.\n- [paho-mqtt](https://github.com/eclipse-paho/paho.mqtt.python) - The Eclipse Paho MQTT client for Python.\n- [faststream](https://github.com/ag2ai/faststream) - A framework for building async services over Kafka, RabbitMQ, NATS, MQTT, and Redis.\n\n### Job Schedulers\n\n_Libraries for scheduling jobs._\n\n- Task Scheduling\n  - [apscheduler](https://github.com/agronholm/apscheduler) - A light but powerful in-process task scheduler that lets you schedule functions.\n  - [schedule](https://github.com/dbader/schedule) - Python job scheduling for humans.\n- Workflow Orchestration\n  - [temporalio](https://github.com/temporalio/sdk-python) - Temporal SDK for durable, fault-tolerant workflows that survive crashes and retries.\n  - [dagster](https://github.com/dagster-io/dagster) - An orchestration platform for the development, production, and observation of data assets.\n  - [apache-airflow](https://github.com/apache/airflow) - Airflow is a platform to programmatically author, schedule and monitor workflows.\n  - [prefect](https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect) - A modern workflow orchestration framework that makes it easy to build, schedule and monitor robust data pipelines.\n\n### Logging\n\n_Libraries for generating and working with logs._\n\n- [logging](https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html) - (Python standard library) Logging facility for Python.\n- [structlog](https://github.com/hynek/structlog) - Structured logging made easy.\n- [loguru](https://github.com/Delgan/loguru) - Library which aims to bring enjoyable logging in Python.\n- [logfire](https://github.com/pydantic/logfire) - The observability platform for Python, from the makers of Pydantic.\n\n### Network Virtualization\n\n_Tools and libraries for packet manipulation and network device automation._\n\n- [scapy](https://github.com/secdev/scapy) - A brilliant packet manipulation library.\n- [netmiko](https://github.com/ktbyers/netmiko) - Multi-vendor library to simplify CLI connections to network devices.\n- [napalm](https://github.com/napalm-automation/napalm) - Cross-vendor API to manipulate network devices.\n\n**CLI \u0026 GUI**\n\n### CLI Development\n\n_Libraries for building command-line applications._\n\n- General\n  - [argparse](https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html) - (Python standard library) Command-line option and argument parsing.\n  - [click](https://github.com/pallets/click) - A package for creating beautiful command line interfaces in a composable way.\n  - [typer](https://github.com/fastapi/typer) - Modern CLI framework that uses Python type hints. Built on Click.\n  - [prompt_toolkit](https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit) - A library for building powerful interactive command lines.\n  - [cyclopts](https://github.com/BrianPugh/cyclopts) - Build CLIs from type-hinted functions, with docstring-based help.\n- Terminal Rendering\n  - [rich](https://github.com/Textualize/rich) - Python library for rich text and beautiful formatting in the terminal. Also provides a great `RichHandler` log handler.\n  - [tqdm](https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm) - Fast, extensible progress bar for loops and CLI.\n  - [colorama](https://github.com/tartley/colorama) - Cross-platform colored terminal text.\n  - [alive-progress](https://github.com/rsalmei/alive-progress) - A new kind of Progress Bar, with real-time throughput, eta and very cool animations.\n- TUI Frameworks\n  - [textual](https://github.com/Textualize/textual) - A framework for building interactive user interfaces that run in the terminal and the browser.\n  - [urwid](https://github.com/urwid/urwid) - A library for creating terminal GUI applications with strong support for widgets, events, rich colors, etc.\n  - [asciimatics](https://github.com/peterbrittain/asciimatics) - A package to create full-screen text UIs (from interactive forms to ASCII animations).\n\n### CLI Tools\n\n_Useful CLI-based tools._\n\n- Database CLIs\n  - [pgcli](https://github.com/dbcli/pgcli) - PostgreSQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.\n  - [mycli](https://github.com/dbcli/mycli) - MySQL CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.\n  - [litecli](https://github.com/dbcli/litecli) - SQLite CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.\n  - [iredis](https://github.com/laixintao/iredis) - Redis CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.\n- Downloaders\n  - [yt-dlp](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp) - A command-line video downloader for YouTube and other sites, a fork of youtube-dl.\n- HTTP Clients\n  - [httpie](https://github.com/httpie/cli) - A command line HTTP client, a user-friendly cURL replacement.\n- Project Scaffolding\n  - [cookiecutter](https://github.com/cookiecutter/cookiecutter) - A command-line utility that creates projects from cookiecutters (project templates).\n  - [copier](https://github.com/copier-org/copier) - A library and command-line utility for rendering project templates.\n- Shells\n  - [xonsh](https://github.com/xonsh/xonsh) - A Python-powered shell. Full-featured and cross-platform.\n- Terminal Workflow\n  - [tmuxp](https://github.com/tmux-python/tmuxp) - A [tmux](https://github.com/tmux/tmux) session manager.\n\n### GUI Development\n\n_Libraries for working with graphical user interface applications._\n\n- Desktop\n  - [PyGObject](https://github.com/GNOME/pygobject) - Python Bindings for GLib/GObject/GIO/GTK.\n  - [dearpygui](https://github.com/hoffstadt/DearPyGui) - A simple GPU-accelerated Python GUI framework.\n  - [Kivy](https://github.com/kivy/kivy) - An open-source cross-platform GUI framework for desktop, mobile, and embedded devices.\n  - [wxPython](https://github.com/wxWidgets/Phoenix) - A cross-platform GUI toolkit that wraps the wxWidgets C++ library.\n  - [toga](https://github.com/beeware/toga) - A Python native, OS native GUI toolkit.\n- Qt\n  - [PySide6](https://github.com/pyside/pyside-setup) - Qt for Python offers the official Python bindings for [Qt](https://www.qt.io/), largely API-compatible with PyQt6 but with different licensing.\n  - [PyQt6](https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/static/Docs/PyQt6/) - Python bindings for the [Qt](https://www.qt.io/) cross-platform application and UI framework.\n- Tkinter\n  - [tkinter](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html) - (Python standard library) The standard Python interface to the Tcl/Tk GUI toolkit.\n  - [customtkinter](https://github.com/tomschimansky/customtkinter) - A modern and customizable Python UI-library based on Tkinter.\n- Web-based\n  - [pywebview](https://github.com/r0x0r/pywebview) - A lightweight cross-platform native wrapper around a webview component.\n  - [nicegui](https://github.com/zauberzeug/nicegui) - An easy-to-use, Python-based UI framework, which shows up in your web browser.\n  - [flet](https://github.com/flet-dev/flet) - Cross-platform GUI framework for building modern apps in pure Python.\n\n**Text \u0026 Documents**\n\n### Text Processing\n\n_Libraries for parsing and manipulating plain texts._\n\n- Encoding and Unicode\n  - [charset-normalizer](https://github.com/jawah/charset_normalizer) - Universal character encoding detector, and a dependency of requests.\n  - [chardet](https://github.com/chardet/chardet) - Python character encoding detector.\n  - [ftfy](https://github.com/rspeer/python-ftfy) - Makes Unicode text less broken and more consistent automagically.\n- Fuzzy Matching\n  - [rapidfuzz](https://github.com/rapidfuzz/RapidFuzz) - Rapid fuzzy string matching using various string metrics, with a C++ core.\n- General\n  - [difflib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/difflib.html) - (Python standard library) Helpers for computing deltas.\n  - [pyfiglet](https://github.com/pwaller/pyfiglet) - An implementation of figlet written in Python.\n- Internationalization\n  - [babel](https://github.com/python-babel/babel) - An internationalization library for Python.\n- Parser\n  - [pygments](https://github.com/pygments/pygments) - A generic syntax highlighter.\n  - [pyparsing](https://github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing) - A Python library for creating PEG parsers.\n  - [sqlparse](https://github.com/andialbrecht/sqlparse) - A non-validating SQL parser.\n  - [phonenumbers](https://github.com/daviddrysdale/python-phonenumbers) - Parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers.\n  - [parsy](https://github.com/python-parsy/parsy) - Easy, generic parser combinator library for creating parsers.\n- Transliteration and Slugs\n  - [python-slugify](https://github.com/un33k/python-slugify) - A Python slugify library that translates unicode to ASCII.\n  - [unidecode](https://github.com/avian2/unidecode) - ASCII transliterations of Unicode text.\n- Unique identifiers\n  - [shortuuid](https://github.com/skorokithakis/shortuuid) - A generator library for concise, unambiguous and URL-safe UUIDs.\n\n### HTML Manipulation\n\n_Libraries for working with HTML and XML._\n\n- [lxml](https://github.com/lxml/lxml) - A very fast, easy-to-use and versatile library for handling HTML and XML.\n- [beautifulsoup4](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/) - Providing Pythonic idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying HTML or XML.\n- [xmltodict](https://github.com/martinblech/xmltodict) - Working with XML feel like you are working with JSON.\n- [markupsafe](https://github.com/pallets/markupsafe) - Safely adds untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup.\n- [justhtml](https://github.com/EmilStenstrom/justhtml) - A pure Python HTML5 parser that sanitizes untrusted HTML by default.\n\n### File Format Processing\n\n_Libraries for parsing and manipulating specific file formats._\n\n- General\n  - [pyelftools](https://github.com/eliben/pyelftools) - Parsing and analyzing ELF files and DWARF debugging information.\n  - [tablib](https://github.com/jazzband/tablib) - A module for Tabular Datasets in XLS, CSV, JSON, YAML.\n- File Conversion\n  - [markitdown](https://github.com/microsoft/markitdown) - Python tool for converting files and office documents to Markdown.\n  - [pypandoc](https://github.com/JessicaTegner/pypandoc) - A thin wrapper for pandoc, the universal document converter.\n  - [docling](https://github.com/docling-project/docling) - Library for converting documents into structured data.\n- Excel\n  - [openpyxl](https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) - A library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.\n  - [xlsxwriter](https://github.com/jmcnamara/XlsxWriter) - A Python module for creating Excel .xlsx files.\n- Word\n  - [python-docx](https://github.com/python-openxml/python-docx) - Creates, reads, and updates Microsoft Word (.docx) files.\n- PowerPoint\n  - [python-pptx](https://github.com/scanny/python-pptx) - Python library for creating and updating PowerPoint (.pptx) files.\n- PDF\n  - [pypdf](https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf) - A library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming PDF pages.\n  - [pymupdf](https://github.com/pymupdf/PyMuPDF) - A fast MuPDF-based library for extracting, rendering, and editing PDFs and other documents.\n  - [reportlab](https://docs.reportlab.com/) - An open-source library for generating PDFs and graphics.\n  - [pdfminer.six](https://github.com/pdfminer/pdfminer.six) - A community-maintained fork of PDFMiner for extracting information from PDF documents.\n- HTML-to-PDF\n  - [weasyprint](https://github.com/Kozea/WeasyPrint) - A visual rendering engine for HTML and CSS that can export to PDF.\n- Markdown\n  - [markdown-it-py](https://github.com/executablebooks/markdown-it-py) - Markdown parser with 100% CommonMark support, extensions, and syntax plugins.\n  - [markdown](https://github.com/Python-Markdown/markdown) - A Python implementation of John Gruber’s Markdown.\n  - [mistune](https://github.com/lepture/mistune) - A fast yet powerful Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins.\n- Data Formats\n  - [tomllib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tomllib.html) - (Python standard library) Parse TOML files.\n  - [pyyaml](https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml) - A full-featured YAML framework for Python.\n\n### File Manipulation\n\n_Libraries for file manipulation._\n\n- Paths and File Watching\n  - [pathlib](https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html) - (Python standard library) A cross-platform, object-oriented path library.\n  - [watchfiles](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchfiles) - Simple, modern and fast file watching and code reload in Python.\n  - [watchdog](https://github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog) - API and shell utilities to monitor file system events.\n- File Type Detection\n  - [mimetypes](https://docs.python.org/3/library/mimetypes.html) - (Python standard library) Map filenames to MIME types.\n  - [python-magic](https://github.com/ahupp/python-magic) - A Python interface to the libmagic file type identification library.\n  - [magika](https://github.com/google/magika) - Detects file content types with a deep-learning model.\n\n**Media**\n\n### Image Processing\n\n_Libraries for manipulating images._\n\n- Barcodes and QR Codes\n  - [qrcode](https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode) - A pure Python QR Code generator.\n  - [python-barcode](https://github.com/WhyNotHugo/python-barcode) - Create barcodes in Python with no extra dependencies.\n- General\n  - [pillow](https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow) - Pillow is the friendly [PIL](https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/about.html) fork.\n  - [scikit-image](https://github.com/scikit-image/scikit-image) - A Python library for (scientific) image processing.\n  - [rembg](https://github.com/danielgatis/rembg) - A tool to remove image backgrounds.\n  - [wand](https://github.com/emcconville/wand) - Python bindings for [MagickWand](https://imagemagick.org/magick-wand/), C API for ImageMagick.\n  - [pyvips](https://github.com/libvips/pyvips) - A binding for libvips, a fast image processing library with low memory needs.\n- Image Serving\n  - [thumbor](https://github.com/thumbor/thumbor) - A smart imaging service. It enables on-demand crop, re-sizing and flipping of images.\n\n### Audio \u0026 Video Processing\n\n_Libraries for manipulating audio, video, and their metadata._\n\n- Audio\n  - [soundfile](https://github.com/bastibe/python-soundfile) - An audio library for reading and writing sound files, based on libsndfile, CFFI, and NumPy.\n  - [librosa](https://github.com/librosa/librosa) - Python library for audio and music analysis.\n  - [pydub](https://github.com/jiaaro/pydub) - Manipulate audio with a simple and easy high level interface.\n- Video\n  - [av](https://github.com/PyAV-Org/PyAV) - Pythonic bindings for FFmpeg's libraries.\n  - [moviepy](https://github.com/Zulko/moviepy) - A module for script-based movie editing with many formats, including animated GIFs.\n- Metadata\n  - [mutagen](https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen) - A Python module to handle audio metadata.\n  - [tinytag](https://github.com/tinytag/tinytag) - A library for reading audio file metadata of MP3, MP4, WAV, OGG, FLAC, WMA, and AIFF files.\n  - [beets](https://github.com/beetbox/beets) - A music library manager and [MusicBrainz](https://musicbrainz.org/) tagger.\n\n### Game Development\n\n_Awesome game development libraries._\n\n- 3D Engines\n  - [panda3d](https://github.com/panda3d/panda3d) - 3D game engine developed jointly by Disney and contributors from around the world.\n- Game Frameworks\n  - [pyglet](https://github.com/pyglet/pyglet) - A cross-platform windowing and multimedia library for Python.\n  - [pygame-ce](https://github.com/pygame-community/pygame-ce) - An actively developed drop-in replacement with new features and performance improvements ([pygame](https://github.com/pygame/pygame) fork).\n  - [pygame](https://github.com/pygame/pygame) - Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games.\n  - [arcade](https://github.com/pythonarcade/arcade) - An easy-to-use library for creating 2D arcade games.\n- Visual Novels\n  - [renpy](https://github.com/renpy/renpy) - A Visual Novel engine.\n\n**Python Language**\n\n### Implementations\n\n_Implementations of Python._\n\n- [cpython](https://github.com/python/cpython) - Default, most widely used implementation of the Python programming language written in C.\n- [micropython](https://github.com/micropython/micropython) - A lean and efficient Python implementation for microcontrollers and constrained systems.\n- [pypy](https://github.com/pypy/pypy) - A very fast and compliant implementation of the Python language.\n- [Cython](https://github.com/cython/cython) - Optimizing Static Compiler for Python.\n- [pyodide](https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide) - Python distribution for the browser and Node.js based on WebAssembly.\n\n### Built-in Classes Enhancement\n\n_Libraries for enhancing Python built-in classes._\n\n- [attrs](https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs) - Replacement for `__init__`, `__eq__`, `__repr__`, etc. boilerplate in class definitions.\n- [bidict](https://github.com/jab/bidict) - Efficient, Pythonic bidirectional map data structures and related functionality.\n- [uuid-utils](https://github.com/aminalaee/uuid-utils) - A fast, Rust-backed drop-in replacement for Python's built-in `uuid` module.\n- [python-box](https://github.com/cdgriffith/Box) - Python dictionaries with advanced dot notation access.\n\n### Functional Programming\n\n_Functional Programming with Python._\n\n- [functools](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html) - (Python standard library) Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.\n- [more-itertools](https://github.com/more-itertools/more-itertools) - More routines for operating on iterables, beyond `itertools`.\n- [toolz](https://github.com/pytoolz/toolz) - A collection of functional utilities for iterators, functions, and dictionaries. Also available as [cytoolz](https://github.com/pytoolz/cytoolz) for Cython-accelerated performance.\n- [funcy](https://github.com/Suor/funcy) - A fancy and practical functional tools.\n- [returns](https://github.com/dry-python/returns) - A set of type-safe monads, transformers, and composition utilities.\n\n### Asynchronous Programming\n\n_Libraries for asynchronous, concurrent and parallel execution. Also see [awesome-asyncio](https://github.com/timofurrer/awesome-asyncio)._\n\n- Async I/O\n  - [asyncio](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html) - (Python standard library) Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks.\n    - [awesome-asyncio](https://github.com/timofurrer/awesome-asyncio)\n  - [anyio](https://github.com/agronholm/anyio) - A high-level async concurrency and networking framework that works on top of asyncio or trio.\n  - [uvloop](https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop) - Ultra fast asyncio event loop.\n  - [trio](https://github.com/python-trio/trio) - A friendly library for async concurrency and I/O.\n  - [gevent](https://github.com/gevent/gevent) - A coroutine-based Python networking library that uses [greenlet](https://github.com/python-greenlet/greenlet).\n  - [Twisted](https://github.com/twisted/twisted) - An event-driven networking engine.\n- Parallelism\n  - [concurrent.futures](https://docs.python.org/3/library/concurrent.futures.html) - (Python standard library) High-level asynchronous execution of callables.\n  - [multiprocessing](https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html) - (Python standard library) Process-based parallelism.\n\n### Date and Time\n\n_Libraries for working with dates and times._\n\n- [zoneinfo](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zoneinfo.html) - (Python standard library) IANA time zone support. Brings the [tz database](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database) into Python.\n- [python-dateutil](https://github.com/dateutil/dateutil) - Extensions to the standard Python [datetime](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html) module.\n- [dateparser](https://github.com/scrapinghub/dateparser) - A Python parser for human-readable dates in over 200 language locales.\n- [pendulum](https://github.com/python-pendulum/pendulum) - Python datetimes made easy.\n- [whenever](https://github.com/ariebovenberg/whenever) - A modern datetime library, type-safe and DST-safe, in Rust or pure Python.\n\n**Python Toolchain**\n\n### Environment Management\n\n_Libraries for Python version and virtual environment management._\n\n- [virtualenv](https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv) - A tool to create isolated Python environments.\n- [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust.\n- [pyenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv) - Simple Python version management.\n- [mise](https://github.com/jdx/mise) - A polyglot tool version manager that installs Python versions and reads .python-version files.\n\n### Package Management\n\n_Libraries for package and dependency management._\n\n- Package Managers\n  - [pip](https://github.com/pypa/pip) - The package installer for Python.\n  - [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - An extremely fast Python version, package and project manager, written in Rust.\n  - [poetry](https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry) - Python dependency management and packaging made easy.\n  - [hatch](https://github.com/pypa/hatch) - Modern, extensible Python project manager for environments, builds, and publishing.\n  - [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx) - Install and Run Python Applications in Isolated Environments. Like `npx` in Node.js.\n  - [conda](https://github.com/conda/conda) - Cross-platform, Python-agnostic binary package manager.\n- Build Backends\n  - [setuptools](https://github.com/pypa/setuptools) - The historical and still most widely used pyproject build backend.\n  - [hatchling](https://github.com/pypa/hatch) - Modern, extensible build backend from the hatch project.\n  - [poetry-core](https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry-core) - Poetry's PEP 517 build backend, usable without Poetry itself.\n  - [flit-core](https://github.com/pypa/flit) - Minimal, dependency-free build backend for pure-Python packages.\n  - [uv-build](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - uv's fast, minimal build backend for pure-Python projects.\n\n### Package Repositories\n\n_Local PyPI repository servers, proxies, and mirrors._\n\n- [pypiserver](https://github.com/pypiserver/pypiserver) - A minimal PyPI server for uploading and installing packages with pip.\n- [devpi](https://github.com/devpi/devpi) - PyPI server and packaging/testing/release tool.\n- [bandersnatch](https://github.com/pypa/bandersnatch) - PyPI mirroring tool provided by Python Packaging Authority (PyPA).\n\n### Distribution\n\n_Libraries to create packaged executables for release distribution._\n\n- Executables\n  - [pyinstaller](https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller) - Converts Python programs into stand-alone executables (cross-platform).\n  - [Nuitka](https://github.com/Nuitka/Nuitka) - Compiles Python programs into high-performance standalone executables (cross-platform).\n  - [pex](https://github.com/pex-tool/pex) - A tool for building self-contained Python executable environments (PEP 441 zipapps).\n  - [cx-Freeze](https://github.com/marcelotduarte/cx_Freeze) - Converts Python scripts into standalone executables and installers for Windows, macOS, and Linux.\n- Obfuscation\n  - [pyarmor](https://github.com/dashingsoft/pyarmor) - A tool used to obfuscate Python scripts, bind obfuscated scripts to fixed machine or expire obfuscated scripts.\n\n### Configuration Files\n\n_Libraries for storing and parsing configuration options._\n\n- [configparser](https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html) - (Python standard library) INI file parser.\n- [python-dotenv](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv) - Reads key-value pairs from a `.env` file and sets them as environment variables.\n- [pydantic-settings](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic-settings) - Settings management using Pydantic models with validation, loading from environment variables and secrets files.\n- [hydra-core](https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra) - Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications.\n- [dynaconf](https://github.com/dynaconf/dynaconf) - Dynaconf is a configuration manager with plugins for Django and Flask.\n\n**Security**\n\n### Cryptography\n\n_Libraries for cryptographic primitives and secure protocols._\n\n- [cryptography](https://github.com/pyca/cryptography) - A package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers.\n- [pynacl](https://github.com/pyca/pynacl) - Python binding to libsodium, a fork of the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library.\n- [paramiko](https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko) - The leading native Python SSHv2 protocol library.\n- [itsdangerous](https://github.com/pallets/itsdangerous) - Safely pass trusted data to untrusted environments and back.\n\n### Penetration Testing\n\n_Frameworks and tools for penetration testing._\n\n- [mitmproxy](https://github.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy) - An interactive TLS-capable intercepting HTTP proxy for penetration testers and software developers.\n- [impacket](https://github.com/fortra/impacket) - A collection of Python classes for working with network protocols, widely used for Windows and Active Directory testing.\n- [sqlmap](https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap) - Automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool.\n- [pwntools](https://github.com/Gallopsled/pwntools) - A CTF framework and exploit development library.\n- [sherlock-project](https://github.com/sherlock-project/sherlock) - Hunt down social media accounts by username across social networks.\n\n### Supply Chain Security\n\n_Tools for auditing dependencies against known vulnerabilities and scanning for leaked secrets._\n\n- Dependency Audits\n  - [pip-audit](https://github.com/pypa/pip-audit) - Audits Python environments and dependency trees for known vulnerabilities, using the Python Packaging Advisory Database or OSV.\n  - [uv-audit](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) - (part of uv) uv's [dependency vulnerability scanning](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/reference/cli/#uv-audit) backed by OSV.\n- Secret Scanning\n  - [betterleaks](https://github.com/betterleaks/betterleaks) - Finds leaked secrets in git history, directories, and files, from the original author of gitleaks.\n\n### Web Security\n\n_Libraries for application-layer web security._\n\n- [nh3](https://github.com/messense/nh3) - Python binding to the ammonia HTML sanitizer, a fast replacement for bleach.\n- [secure](https://github.com/TypeError/secure) - HTTP security headers for Python web applications with ASGI and WSGI middleware.\n\n**Other**\n\n### Hardware\n\n_Libraries for programming with hardware._\n\n- [pyserial](https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial) - Python serial port access library for Windows, macOS, Linux, and BSD.\n- [pynput](https://github.com/moses-palmer/pynput) - A library to control and monitor input devices.\n- [bleak](https://github.com/hbldh/bleak) - A cross platform Bluetooth Low Energy Client for Python using asyncio.\n- [jumpstarter](https://github.com/jumpstarter-dev/jumpstarter) - A hardware-in-the-loop testing framework with a Python client library for automated testing on real and virtual hardware.\n\n### Microsoft Windows\n\n_Python programming on Microsoft Windows._\n\n- [pywin32](https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32) - Python Extensions for Windows.\n- [pythonnet](https://github.com/pythonnet/pythonnet) - Python Integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR).\n- [pyenv-win](https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win) - A Python version manager for Windows ([rbenv-win](https://github.com/nak1114/rbenv-win) fork).\n- [winpython](https://github.com/winpython/winpython) - Portable Python distribution for Windows.\n\n### Miscellaneous\n\n_Useful libraries or tools that don't fit in the categories above._\n\n- [blinker](https://github.com/pallets-eco/blinker) - A fast Python in-process signal/event dispatching system.\n- [boltons](https://github.com/mahmoud/boltons) - A set of pure-Python utilities.\n\n## Resources\n\nWhere to discover learning resources or new Python libraries.\n\n### Newsletters\n\n- [Awesome Python Newsletter](https://python.libhunt.com/newsletter)\n- [Pycoder's Weekly](https://pycoders.com/)\n- [Python Tricks](https://realpython.com/python-tricks/)\n- [Python Weekly](https://www.pythonweekly.com/)\n\n### Podcasts\n\n- [Django Chat](https://djangochat.com/)\n- [PyPodcats](https://pypodcats.live)\n- [Python Bytes](https://pythonbytes.fm)\n- [Talk Python To Me](https://talkpython.fm/)\n- [The Real Python Podcast](https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/)\n\n### Websites\n\n- [Python Developer Tooling Handbook](https://pydevtools.com/) - Comprehensive guide to modern Python developer tools covering package management, linting, type checking, testing, and more.\n\n## Contributing\n\nYour contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) first.\n\n---\n\nIf you have any question about this opinionated list, do not hesitate to contact [@vinta](https://x.com/vinta) on X (Twitter).\n","projects_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/lists/vinta%2Fawesome-python/projects"}