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2 ##"],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"# Grevm\n\n\u003e Grevm (both 1.0 and 2.1) is reth-ready, please see [use-with-reth.md](docs/use-with-reth.md) for more details.\n\nGrevm is a Block-STM inspired optimistic parallel EVM execution engine that leverages DAG-based task scheduling, dynamic\ndependency management, and parallel state storage to significantly boost throughput of\n[revm](https://github.com/bluealloy/revm), while reducing CPU overhead in high-conflict scenarios.\n\n![Design Diagram](docs/v2/images/g2design.png)\n\n## **TL;DR – Highlights of Grevm 2.1**\n\n- **Grevm 2.1 achieves near-optimal performance in low-contention scenarios**, matching Block-STM with **11.25\n  gigagas/s** for Uniswap workloads and outperforming it with **95% less CPU usage** in inherently non-parallelizable\n  cases by **20–30%**, achieving performance close to sequential execution.\n- **Breaks Grevm 1.0’s limitations in handling highly dependent transactions**, delivering a **5.5× throughput\n  increase** to **2.96 gigagas/s** in **30%-hot-ratio hybrid workloads** by minimizing re-executions through **DAG-based\n  scheduling** and **Task Groups**.\n- **Introduces Parallel State Store**, leveraging **asynchronous execution result bundling** to **overlap and amortize\n  30-60ms of post-execution overhead within parallel execution**, effectively hiding these costs within execution time.\n  It also seamlessly handles **miner rewards and the self-destruct opcode** without the performance penalties of\n  sequential fallbacks.\n- **In-depth analysis of optimistic parallel execution** reveals the **underestimated efficiency of Block-STM** and the\n  strength of **optimistic parallelism**, providing new insights into parallel execution.\n- **Lock-Free DAG** (introduced in 2.1) replaces global locking with fine-grained, node-level synchronization. This\n  change reduces DAG scheduling overhead by **60%** and improves overall performance by more than **30%**. In workloads\n  with fast-executing transactions—such as raw and ERC20 transfers—it delivers nearly **2×** higher throughput.\n\n## Architecture Overview\n\nGrevm 2.1 is composed of three main modules:\n\n- **Dependency Manager (DAG Manager):**  \n  Constructs a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of transaction dependencies based on speculative read/write hints.\n\n- **Execution Scheduler:**  \n  Selects transactions with no dependencies (out-degree of 0) for parallel execution, groups adjacent dependent\n  transactions into **task groups**, and dynamically updates dependencies to minimize re-execution.\n\n- **Parallel State Storage:**  \n  Provides an asynchronous commit mechanism with multi-version memory to reduce latency and manage miner rewards and\n  self-destruct opcodes efficiently.\n\n## Running the Benchmark\n\nTo reproduce the benchmark:\n\n```bash\nJEMALLOC_SYS_WITH_MALLOC_CONF=\"thp:always,metadata_thp:always\" \\\nNUM_EOA=\u003cnum_accounts\u003e HOT_RATIO=\u003chot_ratio\u003e DB_LATENCY_US=\u003clatency_in_us\u003e \\\ncargo bench --bench gigagas\n```\n\nReplace `\u003cnum_accounts\u003e`, `\u003chot_ratio\u003e`, and `\u003clatency_in_us\u003e` with your desired parameters.\n\n## Further Details\n\nFor a comprehensive explanation of the design, algorithmic choices, and in-depth benchmark analysis, please refer to the\nfull technical report.\n\n- [Grevm 2.1 Tech Report](docs/v2/grevm2.1.md)\n- [Grevm 1.0 Tech Report](docs/v1/README.md)\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2FGalxe%2Fgrevm","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2FGalxe%2Fgrevm","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2FGalxe%2Fgrevm/lists"}