{"id":16261447,"url":"https://github.com/androidbeingx/omic_research","last_synced_at":"2025-04-08T14:17:49.209Z","repository":{"id":239772236,"uuid":"600163743","full_name":"Androidbeingx/OMIC_RESEARCH","owner":"Androidbeingx","description":"Python class project in collab with @heloint and  @anivalle. 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However, these conditions are relatively rare and\nare usually caused by specific genetic variants of the Adh gene.\n\nThe Adh gene is present in fruit flies and other organisms. We are interested\nin finding out how this gene varies in fruit flies, what variations and\nsimilarities there are, in order to carry out an experimental study and thus be\nable to treat diseases caused by mutations in this gene.\n\nThe human ADH1B gene is an orthologue of the Drosophila melanogaster alcohol\ndehydrogenase (Adh) gene.\nThey derive from a common ancestral gene and have evolved to perform similar\nfunctions in those species. In this case, the human ADH1B gene and the\nDrosophila melanogaster Adh gene encode enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism.\n\nIt should be noted that although the function of the human ADH1B and Drosophila\nmelanogaster Adh genes is similar, the specific mutations and regulatory\nregions of these genes may differ between the two species, resulting in\ndifferences in the expression and activity of these genes. This is exactly what\nwe would like to exploit with our project.\n\n\n#### About Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene\nThe Adh gene in different species of fruit flies will have variations in its\ngenetic sequence, but the overall function of the gene will remain the same,\ni.e. the gene will be responsible for breaking down alcohol and will therefore\nhave a conserved domain.\n\nMutations in the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene can lead to changes in the\nactivity and stability of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme. This can lead to\nalcohol intolerance and an increased risk of alcoholism in some individuals.\n\nSpecific variants in the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene have been\nassociated with alcohol intolerance in humans, such as ADH1B\nalcohol dehydrogenase (prefered name is \"all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase\").\n\nThis variant result in reduced activity of the Adh enzyme, leading to a\nbuild-up of acetaldehyde, a toxic intermediate product of alcohol metabolism,\nin the body. This build-up causes the symptoms of alcohol intolerance, such as\nflushing (redness and warmth of the skin after drinking alcohol), tachycardia,\nnausea and headache.\n\n(NOTE: It is important to note that not all people carrying these variants will\ndevelop alcohol intolerance. Other factors such as general health, diet and the\npresence of other genes that affect alcohol metabolism may also play a role.)\n\n#### Conclusion\nThe results of the alignment of the Alcohol dehydrogenase gene from different\nDrosophila species against the ADH1B gene from Homo sapiens show that the\nidentity percentage ranges from 34.55% to 38.75%, with the highest identity\nfound in Drosophila simulans and the lowest in Drosophila ananassae.\n\nThese results indicate that although they have the same function, alcohol metabolism, \ntheir structure is not comparable, resulting in these low scores.\nIn addition, to be sure, we performed a phylogenetic tree to measure the degree of \ndifferences between species.\nThe result was that the human gene is far removed from Drosophila. This reaffirms the \nresults of the alignment study.\n\nThis indicates that the Alcohol dehydrogenase gene has evolved differently in each\nof these species. Although the gene product is the only mostly preserved across the\nDrosophila species studied.\n\nHowever, more research is needed to determine whether the differences in the Alcohol\ndehydrogenase gene affect alcohol metabolism in Drosophila and if these\ndifferences could be used to develop treatments for alcohol intolerance\nsickness.\n\nOverall, the results of this study provide important insights into\nthe evolution and function of Alcohol dehydrogenase gene in different\nDrosophila species, and may have implications for understanding the genetic\nbasis of alcohol metabolism in humans.\n\n### References:\n\n- [Drosophila melanogaster ADH gene](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3771877/)\n\n- [Drosophila melanogaster ADH gene orthologs](https://www.orthodb.org/?ncbi=6732347)\n(Note: the human ADH1B2 is not listed here, because it is a variant of it, which is orthologous too.)\n\n- [Orthologous gene in human is ADH1B](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/125/)\n\n---\n\n\n","funding_links":[],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fandroidbeingx%2Fomic_research","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fandroidbeingx%2Fomic_research","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fandroidbeingx%2Fomic_research/lists"}