{"id":50831507,"url":"https://github.com/andy-takker/pg-optimization","last_synced_at":"2026-06-13T23:32:55.113Z","repository":{"id":362939269,"uuid":"1261141715","full_name":"andy-takker/pg-optimization","owner":"andy-takker","description":"Homework for a PostgreSQL optimization course: OS \u0026 DB tuning, benchmarking, connection pooling, file systems, backups and replication. 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Каждая работа — воспроизводимый эксперимент: стенд, методика, замеры (медианы из 3 прогонов), графики и выводы.\n\n## Работы\n\n| ДЗ | Тема | Стенд | Главный результат |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| [hw01](hw01/) | Первичная настройка ОС и PostgreSQL: бенчмарки и тюнинг | Raspberry Pi 4B | Отключение fsync: ×2.9 TPS на записи; тюнинг памяти: +17% на чтении |\n| [hw02](hw02/) | Коннектинг: vanilla vs PgBouncer vs Odyssey vs HAProxy при 500+ коннектах | GCP e2-standard-4 | Пулер — не ускоритель: ваниль быстрее на быстрых запросах, но деградирует вдвое круче; оптимум пула ≈ 2×ядра |\n| [hw03](hw03/) | ФС: секционирование по дням, секции на 3 дисках, COPY vs pgloader, ext4/xfs/btrfs | GCP + 3 диска | Pruning: ×49 по ключу, медленнее мимо ключа; COPY ×20 быстрее pgloader; разница ФС ≤15% |\n\n## Ключевые находки\n\n| | |\n|---|---|\n| [![fsync](hw01/images/tpcb_tps.png)](hw01/) | [![пулеры](hw02/images/final_500.png)](hw02/) |\n| **hw01:** цена fsync на медленном носителе — трёхкратная разница TPS | **hw02:** каждый хоп и каждый лишний серверный коннект стоят TPS |\n| [![pruning](hw03/images/pruning.png)](hw03/) | [![кеши](hw03/images/cache_levels.png)](hw03/) |\n| **hw03:** секционирование ускоряет только запросы по ключу | **hw03:** рестарт СУБД сбрасывает лишь первый из трёх уровней кеша |\n\n## Стенды\n\n- **Raspberry Pi 4B** (4×Cortex-A72, 8 ГБ, microSD) — узкое место IO: на нём эффекты fsync, чекпоинтов и WAL видны невооружённым глазом.\n- **GCP e2-standard-4** (4 vCPU, 16 ГБ, pd-ssd) — повторяет лекционный стенд курса; для экспериментов с сотнями коннектов и пулерами.\n\n## Инструментарий\n\n[pgbench](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgbench.html) ·\n[PgBouncer](https://www.pgbouncer.org/) ·\n[Odyssey](https://github.com/yandex/odyssey) ·\n[HAProxy](https://www.haproxy.org/) ·\nучебная БД [«Тайские перевозки»](https://github.com/aeuge/postgres16book/tree/main/database) (~6 млн строк) ·\n[pgconfigurator](https://pgconfigurator.cybertec.at/)\n\n## Полезные материалы\n\n- [PostgreSQL: Tuning Your Server](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Tuning_Your_PostgreSQL_Server) — стартовый чеклист от сообщества\n- [Kernel Resources](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/kernel-resources.html) — overcommit, OOM, huge pages\n- [Non-Durable Settings](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/non-durability.html) — официальный список «скорость в обмен на надёжность»\n- [В защиту swap'а](https://habr.com/ru/companies/flant/articles/348324/) — как на самом деле работает swappiness\n- [How to SCRAM with pgBouncer](https://www.crunchydata.com/blog/pgbouncer-scram-authentication-postgresql) — аутентификация через пулер\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fandy-takker%2Fpg-optimization","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fandy-takker%2Fpg-optimization","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fandy-takker%2Fpg-optimization/lists"}