{"id":20462076,"url":"https://github.com/bact/spellcheck","last_synced_at":"2026-03-19T16:00:52.503Z","repository":{"id":160405706,"uuid":"276851825","full_name":"bact/spellcheck","owner":"bact","description":"Spellchecker experiment","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2021-05-09T14:42:42.000Z","size":54,"stargazers_count":1,"open_issues_count":0,"forks_count":1,"subscribers_count":2,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2025-10-13T00:44:58.373Z","etag":null,"topics":[],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":null,"language":null,"has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"apache-2.0","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/bact.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"LICENSE","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null}},"created_at":"2020-07-03T08:44:34.000Z","updated_at":"2025-07-04T05:06:52.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2023-07-23T00:32:52.788Z","dependency_job_id":null,"html_url":"https://github.com/bact/spellcheck","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":[],"tags_count":0,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/bact/spellcheck","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/bact%2Fspellcheck","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/bact%2Fspellcheck/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/bact%2Fspellcheck/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/bact%2Fspellcheck/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/bact","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/bact/spellcheck/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/bact%2Fspellcheck/sbom","scorecard":null,"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":286080680,"owners_count":30200756,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-03-06T19:07:06.838Z","status":"ssl_error","status_checked_at":"2026-03-06T18:57:34.882Z","response_time":250,"last_error":"SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 peeraddr=140.82.121.6:443 state=error: unexpected eof while reading","robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":false,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":[],"created_at":"2024-11-15T12:29:52.794Z","updated_at":"2026-03-06T22:03:21.811Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/bact.png","language":null,"funding_links":[],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"# spellcheck\nSpellchecker experiment\n\nGoal:\n- Application: preprocess text to improve search and classification/clustering performance\n- Good enough for classification (where the whole system does not depend only on the accuracy of spell checker)\n- Good enough for search (where other edit distance and proximity search can be applied to improve usability)\n- Fast enough to process large amount of text (corpus of 1 GB text in couple minutes)\n\nNon-goal (yet):\n- Good enough for linguistic analysis\n\n## Some links on spell checking\n\nBasics:\n- How to Write a Spelling Corrector https://norvig.com/spell-correct.html\n- Spelling Checking Algorithms https://cs.brynmawr.edu/Courses/cs330/spring2012/SpellingCheckers.pdf\n- Spell checker https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spell_checker\n\nDiscussions:\n- What algorithm gives suggestions in a spell checker? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2294915/what-algorithm-gives-suggestions-in-a-spell-checker\n\nThai-specific:\n- Thai Spelling Correction and Word Normalizationon Social Text Using a Two-Stage Pipeline With Neural Contextual Attention https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9145483\n- Spell Checker for Thai Document (post-process for OCR) https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4085130\n\nMore techniques:\n- Build a spell-checker with word2vec data (with python) https://medium.com/@thomasdecaux/build-a-spell-checker-with-word2vec-data-with-python-5438a9343afd \n- 1000x Faster Spelling Correction algorithm (2012) https://medium.com/@wolfgarbe/1000x-faster-spelling-correction-algorithm-2012-8701fcd87a5f\n- Finite-State Spell-Checking with Weighted Language and Error Models—Building and Evaluating Spell-Checkers with Wikipedia as Corpus https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228543643_Finite-State_Spell-Checking_with_Weighted_Language_and_Error_Models-Building_and_Evaluating_Spell-Checkers_with_Wikipedia_as_Corpus\n- Language Models: Spellchecking and Autocorrection https://towardsdatascience.com/language-models-spellchecking-and-autocorrection-dd10f739443c\n- Essential text correction process for NLP tasks https://towardsdatascience.com/essential-text-correction-process-for-nlp-tasks-f731a025fcc3\n- Building Real-World Finite-State Spell-Checkers With HFST https://www.computing.dcu.ie/~tpirinen/fsmnlp-2012-spelling-tutorial.pdf\n- A context sensitive real-time Spell Checker with language adaptability https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11242\n- Effective Spell Checking Methods Using Clustering Algorithms https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1023/\n\nFor search/query application:\n- A Frequency-based Technique to Improve the Spelling Suggestion Rank in Medical Queries https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC400516/\n- A UMLS-based spell checker for natural language processing in vaccine safety https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6947-7-3 \n\nCompetition:\n- A Basic Spell Checker https://www.hackerrank.com/challenges/basic-spell-checker/problem\n\nN-Grams\n- Parallel Spell-Checking Algorithm Based on Yahoo! N-Grams Dataset https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.0184\n- Web News N-gram https://blog.gdeltproject.org/announcing-the-web-ngram-character-ngram-datasets/\n- Integrating Dictionary and Web N-grams for Chinese Spell Checking https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/O13-5002/\n- Thai Word Segmentation based-on GLR Parsing Technique and Word N-gram Model https://thailang.nectec.or.th/downloadcenter/index7787.html?option=com_docman\u0026task=doc_details\u0026gid=17\u0026Itemid=61\n\nMisspelling generator\n- An unsupervised and customizable misspelling generator for mining noisy health-related text sources https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.00910\n- Keyword Typo Generator http://tools.seobook.com/spelling/keywords-typos.cgi \n\nSegmentation\n- TCC + TCCT https://books.google.ie/books?id=pkGpLwH70w0C\u0026pg=PA223\u0026lpg=PA223\u0026dq=word+segmentation+ngram+tcc\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=trQtTk9s4d\u0026sig=ACfU3U1Ht4RWtx3dtwpmF-p3F4163r-acw\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjE05m5v7jqAhVRtHEKHe3AAm4Q6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage\u0026q=word%20segmentation%20ngram%20tcc\u0026f=false \n- https://towardsdatascience.com/query-segmentation-and-spelling-correction-483173008981\n- https://github.com/wolfgarbe/WordSegmentationTM\n- https://github.com/wolfgarbe/SymSpell\n\n## OCR\n- https://source.opennews.org/articles/so-many-ocr-options/\n\n## Analysis of errors\n- รายการคำในภาษาไทยที่มักเขียนผิด. (2021). In วิกิพีเดีย. https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94\u0026oldid=9351445\n- พลวัฒน์ ไหลมนู. (2559). การตรวจแก้การสะกดผิดแบบเป็นคำจริงในภาษาไทยโดยใช้แบบจำลองไตรแกรม. วิทยานิพนธ์อักษรศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาภาษาศาสตร์ ภาควิชาภาษาศาสตร์ คณะอักษรศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัยปีการศึกษา 2559. https://www.arts.chula.ac.th/~ling/thesis/2559MA-Ling-Ponlawat.pdf\n- ปณิธาน บรรณาธรร. (2555). นักศึกษาจีนกับข้อผิดพลาดในการเขียนภาษาไทย. รายงานการวิจัย  มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสวนสุนันทา. http://www.ssruir.ssru.ac.th/bitstream/ssruir/780/1/187-55.pdf\n- Tapsai, C. (2018). Analysis of Patterns and Causes of Misspelling and Slang Words for Natural Language Processing. Proceedings of 135th The IRES International Conference, Moscow, Russia, 10th-11th August, 2018, 6. http://www.elcim.ssru.ac.th/chalermpol_ta/file.php/1/Russia-Analysis-Misspelling-NLP.pdf\n- รุ่งณภา บุญยิ้ม. (2561). การวิเคราะห์สาเหตุการเขียนสะกดำผิดในภาษาไทย. การประชุมวิชาการระดับนานาชาติและระดับชาติ ราชภัฏวิจัย ครั้งที่ 5 วันที่  2-5 ธันวาคม 2561 ณ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเพชรบุรี.  https://research.kpru.ac.th/research2/pages/filere/3642019-09-07.pdf \n- วิชชุพงศ์ วรศาสตร์กุล. (2562). การสื่อสารภาษาไทย : คำาที่มักเขียนผิดของนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเลย. วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคามปีที่ 38 ฉบับที่ 3 พฤษภาคม - มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2562. http://research.msu.ac.th/msu_journal/upload/articles/article2500_21624.pdf\n- ธนู ทดแทนคุณ  และ ปวีณา จันทร์สุวรรณ. (2558). ข้อบกพร่องในการเขียนภาษาไทย : กรณีศึกษานักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยี ราชมงคลสุวรรณภูมิ ศูนย\u0026นนทบุรี. รายงานการวิจัย. คณะศิลปศาสตร\u0026 มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลสุวรรณภูมิ ศูนย\u0026นนทบุรี 2558. https://research.rmutsb.ac.th/fullpaper/2558/2558240240296.pdf \n- ชาพิมล, ก. (2017). การเขียนสะกดคำภาษาไทยของนักศึกษาชั้นปีที่ 1 ในระดับอุดมศึกษา: มหาวิทยาลัยสงขลานครินทร์ วิทยาเขตหาดใหญ่ และมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏภูเก็ต. Journal of Humanities Naresuan University, 14(1), 47–60.\n- ทานตวณิช, ท. (2015). ข้อผิดพลาดในการเขียนเชิงวิชาการ ของนิสิตสาขาวิชาภาษาไทย มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา Common Errors in Academic Writing Made by Thai Major Students, Burapha University. Academic Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Burapha University, 23(43), 1–29.\n- แสงอาวุธ, ศ. (2017). วิเคราะห์ข้อผิดพลาดในการเขียนภาษาไทยของนักศึกษาจีน ที่เรียนสาขาวิชาภาษาไทย ในมณฑลยูนนาน ประเทศจีน. วารสาร มจร สังคมศาสตร์ปริทรรศน์, 6(2), 133–144.\n- ไหลมนู, พ., \u0026 อรุณมานะกุล, ว. (2017). การศึกษาวิเคราะห์คำไทยที่มักเขียนผิด. Manutsayasat Wichakan, 24(2), 318–343.\n- อักษรกาญจน์, ส. (2016). การศึกษาลักษณะข้อผิดพลาดในการเขียนภาษาไทยของนักศึกษา ระดับปริญญาตรี คณะครุศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏสุราษฎร์ธานี ปีการศึกษา 2558. ราชภัฏเพชรบูรณ์สาร, 18(2), 65–74. https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jpcru/article/view/202373\n\n## Uncategorized\n\n- A Basic Spell Checker. (n.d.). HackerRank. Retrieved 8 May 2021, from https://www.hackerrank.com/challenges/basic-spell-checker/problem\n- Ad Group Filter. (n.d.). Retrieved 8 May 2021, from http://tools.seobook.com/spelling/keywords-typos.cgi\n- Analyizing spelling errors. (n.d.). Lexercise. Retrieved 8 May 2021, from http://support.lexercise.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/220971827-Analyizing-spelling-errors-\n- Announcing The WEB-NGRAM Character Ngram Datasets – The GDELT Project. (n.d.). Retrieved 8 May 2021, from https://blog.gdeltproject.org/announcing-the-web-ngram-character-ngram-datasets/\n- Arndt, E. J., \u0026 Foorman, B. R. (2010). Second Graders as Spellers: What Types of Errors Are They Making? Assessment for Effective Intervention, 36(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508410380135\nBancha, W. (2013). What Causes Spelling Errors of Thai EFL Students? The Annual Review of Education, Communication, and Language Sciences, 10, 107–129.\n- Bassil, Y. (2012). Parallel Spell-Checking Algorithm Based on Yahoo! N-Grams Dataset. ArXiv:1204.0184 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/1204.0184\n- Best AI Writing Assistant Software in 2021. (n.d.). G2. Retrieved 1 April 2021, from https://www.g2.com/categories/ai-writing-assistant\n- Bestgen, Y., \u0026 Granger, S. (2011). Categorizing spelling errors to assess L2 writing. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, 21, 235–252. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCEELL.2011.040201\n- Blank, D. (n.d.). Spelling Checking Algorithms. 20.\n- Clough, P., Gaizauskas, R., \u0026 Piao, S. L. (2002, May). Building and annotating a corpus for the study of journalistic text reuse. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’02). LREC 2002, Las Palmas, Canary Islands - Spain. http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2002/pdf/218.pdf\n- Crowell, J., Zeng, Q., Ngo, L., \u0026 Lacroix, E.-M. (2004). A Frequency-based Technique to Improve the Spelling Suggestion Rank in Medical Queries. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 11(3), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1474\n- de Amorim, R. C., \u0026 Zampieri, M. (2013). Effective Spell Checking Methods Using Clustering Algorithms. Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing RANLP 2013, 172–178. https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/R13-1023\n- Decaux, T. (2018, July 13). Build a spell-checker with word2vec data (with python). Medium. https://thomasdecaux.medium.com/build-a-spell-checker-with-word2vec-data-with-python-5438a9343afd\n- Thai Word Segmentation based-on GLR Parsing Technique and Word N-gram Model. (n.d.). Retrieved 8 May 2021, from https://thailang.nectec.or.th/downloadcenter/index7787.html?option=com_docman\u0026task=doc_details\u0026gid=17\u0026Itemid=61\n- Flor, M., Fried, M., \u0026 Rozovskaya, A. (2019). A Benchmark Corpus of English Misspellings and a Minimally-supervised Model for Spelling Correction. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, 76–86. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-4407\n- Fossati, D., \u0026 Di Eugenio, B. (2007). A Mixed Trigrams Approach for Context Sensitive Spell Checking. In A. Gelbukh (Ed.), Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing (pp. 623–633). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70939-8_55\n- Garbe, W. (2020, December 16). 1000x Faster Spelling Correction algorithm (2012). Medium. https://wolfgarbe.medium.com/1000x-faster-spelling-correction-algorithm-2012-8701fcd87a5f\n- Garbe, W. (2021). Wolfgarbe/SymSpell [C#]. https://github.com/wolfgarbe/SymSpell (Original work published 2014)\n- Garbe, W. (2021). Wolfgarbe/WordSegmentationTM [C#]. https://github.com/wolfgarbe/WordSegmentationTM (Original work published 2018)\n- Grundkiewicz, R., \u0026 Junczys-Dowmunt, M. (2019). Minimally-Augmented Grammatical Error Correction. Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Noisy User-Generated Text (W-NUT 2019), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D19-5546\n- Gupta, P. (2019). A context sensitive real-time Spell Checker with language adaptability. ArXiv:1910.11242 [Cs, Stat]. http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11242\n- H, K., M, F., K, R., \u0026 D, D.-F. (2015). An Ensemble Method for Spelling Correction in Consumer Health Questions. AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium, 2015, 727–736.\n- Hagiwara, M. (00:00:00-04:00). The Unreasonable Effectiveness of the Transformer Spell Checker. Real-World Natural Language Processing. http://www.realworldnlpbook.com/blog/unreasonable-effectiveness-of-transformer-spell-checker.html\n- Han, T., Am, \u0026 Hickman,  a. (n.d.). Our Search for the Best OCR Tool, and What We Found. Retrieved 8 May 2021, from https://source.opennews.org/articles/so-many-ocr-options/\n- Hou, P. (2019). Spelling Errors in Thai Made by Chinese Students Learning Thai as a Foreign Language. Manusya: Journal of Humanities, 22(3), 358–374. https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-02203005\n- How to Write a Spelling Corrector. (n.d.). Retrieved 8 May 2021, from https://norvig.com/spell-correct.html\n- Jamonjansakha, K., \u0026 Tonpradit, R. (2020). ศึกษาข้อบกพร่อง และวิเคราะห์สาเหตุข้อบกพร่องด้านการใช้พยัญชนะภาษาไทยในการเขียนคำภาษาไทยของนักศึกษาจีนจากมหาวิทยาลัยครูยวี่ซีนอร์มัล ที่ศึกษาในมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเชียงราย. Ganesha Journal, 16(2), 75–85.\n- Jayanthi, S. M., Pruthi, D., \u0026 Neubig, G. (2020). NeuSpell: A Neural Spelling Correction Toolkit. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations, 158–164. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-demos.21\n- Jessica. (2020, May 20). 12 Writing Assistant Software Apps Currently Using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Scribe Syndicate. http://scribesyndicate.com/12-writing-assistant-software-apps-currently-using-artificial-intelligence-ai/\n- Keras-team/keras-io. (n.d.). GitHub. Retrieved 1 April 2021, from https://github.com/keras-team/keras-io\n- language agnostic—What algorithm gives suggestions in a spell checker? (n.d.). Stack Overflow. Retrieved 8 May 2021, from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2294915/what-algorithm-gives-suggestions-in-a-spell-checker\n- Languagetool-org/languagetool. (2021). [Java]. LanguageTool. https://github.com/languagetool-org/languagetool (Original work published 2013)\n- Lertpiya, A., Chalothorn, T., \u0026 Chuangsuwanich, E. (2020). Thai Spelling Correction and Word Normalization on Social Text Using a Two-Stage Pipeline With Neural Contextual Attention. IEEE Access, 8, 133403–133419. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3010828\n- Ma, E. (2018, November 17). Essential text correction process for NLP tasks. Medium. https://towardsdatascience.com/essential-text-correction-process-for-nlp-tasks-f731a025fcc3\n- Negri, M., Turchi, M., Chatterjee, R., \u0026 Bertoldi, N. (2018, May). ESCAPE: A Large-scale Synthetic Corpus for Automatic Post-Editing. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018). LREC 2018, Miyazaki, Japan. https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/L18-1004\n- neuspell. (2021). Neuspell/neuspell [Python]. https://github.com/neuspell/neuspell (Original work published 2020)\n- Patil, S. (2017, August 10). Language Models: Spellchecking and Autocorrection. Medium. https://sanketp.medium.com/language-models-spellchecking-and-autocorrection-dd10f739443c\n- Pirinen, T., \u0026 Lindén, K. (2012). Finite-State Spell-Checking with Weighted Language and Error Models—Building and Evaluating Spell-Checkers with Wikipedia as Corpus.\n- PubMed Central Full Text PDF. (n.d.). Retrieved 8 May 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC400516/pdf/179.pdf\n- PubMed Central Link. (n.d.). Retrieved 8 May 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC400516/\n- Query Segmentation and Spelling Correction | by Sonu Sharma | Towards Data Science. (n.d.). Retrieved 8 May 2021, from https://towardsdatascience.com/query-segmentation-and-spelling-correction-483173008981\n- Sarker, A., \u0026 Gonzalez-Hernandez, G. (2018). An unsupervised and customizable misspelling generator for mining noisy health-related text sources. ArXiv:1806.00910 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.00910\n- Spell checker. (2021). 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