{"id":13404210,"url":"https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection","last_synced_at":"2025-04-10T17:19:23.935Z","repository":{"id":9107130,"uuid":"10888192","full_name":"d3/d3-geo-projection","owner":"d3","description":"Extended geographic projections for d3-geo.","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2023-07-12T15:24:37.000Z","size":27390,"stargazers_count":1120,"open_issues_count":27,"forks_count":202,"subscribers_count":66,"default_branch":"main","last_synced_at":"2025-04-03T09:05:39.974Z","etag":null,"topics":[],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"https://observablehq.com/collection/@d3/d3-geo-projection","language":"JavaScript","has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"other","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/d3.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"LICENSE","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null}},"created_at":"2013-06-23T16:50:58.000Z","updated_at":"2025-03-31T03:23:27.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2023-01-13T16:23:54.602Z","dependency_job_id":"110106ad-07a2-47c0-837b-b551c9b917a4","html_url":"https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection","commit_stats":{"total_commits":425,"total_committers":16,"mean_commits":26.5625,"dds":0.4188235294117647,"last_synced_commit":"48a55592df73c7c50ee6722bc9a32ac7e6e82bbb"},"previous_names":[],"tags_count":50,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/d3%2Fd3-geo-projection","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/d3%2Fd3-geo-projection/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/d3%2Fd3-geo-projection/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/d3%2Fd3-geo-projection/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/d3","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/tar.gz/refs/heads/main","host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":248261933,"owners_count":21074226,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2022-07-04T15:15:14.044Z","host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":[],"created_at":"2024-07-30T19:01:40.715Z","updated_at":"2025-04-10T17:19:23.913Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/d3.png","language":"JavaScript","funding_links":[],"categories":["JavaScript","👨‍💻 JavaScript Libraries","others","Maps"],"sub_categories":["Mapping"],"readme":"# d3-geo-projection\n\nExtended geographic projections for [d3-geo](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo). See [Command-Line Cartography](https://medium.com/@mbostock/command-line-cartography-part-1-897aa8f8ca2c) for an introduction.\n\n## Installing\n\nIf you use npm, `npm install d3-geo-projection`. You can also download the [latest release on GitHub](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/releases/latest). For vanilla HTML in modern browsers, import d3-geo-projection from Skypack:\n\n```html\n\u003cscript type=\"module\"\u003e\n\nimport {geoAitoff} from \"https://cdn.skypack.dev/d3-geo-projection@4\";\n\nconst projection = geoAitoff();\n\n\u003c/script\u003e\n```\n\nFor legacy environments, you can load d3-geo-projection’s UMD bundle from an npm-based CDN such as jsDelivr; a `d3` global is exported:\n\n```html\n\u003cscript src=\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-array@3\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-geo@3\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3-geo-projection@4\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cscript\u003e\n\nconst projection = d3.geoAitoff();\n\n\u003c/script\u003e\n```\n\n## API Reference\n\n* [Projections](#projections)\n* [Interrupted Projections](#interrupted-projections)\n* [Polyhedral Projections](#polyhedral-projections)\n* [Quincuncial Projections](#quincuncial-projections)\n* [Transformations](#transformations)\n\n### Projections\n\nNote: projections tagged \\[d3-geo\\] are exported by [d3-geo](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo), not d3-geo-projection. These commonly-used projections are also included in the [d3](https://github.com/d3/d3) default bundle.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoAiry\" name=\"geoAiry\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAiry\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/airy.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/airys-minimum-error)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoAiryRaw\" name=\"geoAiryRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAiryRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ebeta\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/airy.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/airys-minimum-error)\n\nAiry’s minimum-error azimuthal projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#airy_radius\" name=\"airy_raidus\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003eairy\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eradius\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eradius\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 90°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoAitoff\" name=\"geoAitoff\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAitoff\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/aitoff.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/aitoff)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoAitoffRaw\" name=\"geoAitoffRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAitoffRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/aitoff.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/aitoff)\n\nThe Aitoff projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoAlbers\" name=\"geoAlbers\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAlbers\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/albers.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoAlbers)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/albers.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equal-area)\n\nAlbers’ [equal-area conic projection](#geoConicEqualArea).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoArmadillo\" name=\"geoArmadillo\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoArmadillo\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/armadillo.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/armadillo)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoArmadilloRaw\" name=\"geoArmadilloRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoArmadilloRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ephi0\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/armadillo.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/armadillo)\n\nThe armadillo projection. The default center assumes the default [parallel](#armadillo_parallel) of 20° and should be changed if a different parallel is used. Note: requires clipping to the sphere.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#armadillo_parallel\" name=\"armadillo_parallel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003earmadillo\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eparallel\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eparallel\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 20°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoAugust\" name=\"geoAugust\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAugust\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/august.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/august)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoAugustRaw\" name=\"geoAugustRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAugustRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/august.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/august)\n\nAugust’s epicycloidal conformal projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoAzimuthalEqualArea\" name=\"geoAzimuthalEqualArea\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAzimuthalEqualArea\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/azimuthalEqualArea.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoAzimuthalEqualArea), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/azimuthal-equal-area)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoAzimuthalEqualAreaRaw\" name=\"geoAzimuthalEqualAreaRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAzimuthalEqualAreaRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/azimuthalEqualArea.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/azimuthal-equal-area)\n\nThe Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoAzimuthalEquidistant\" name=\"geoAzimuthalEquidistant\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAzimuthalEquidistant\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/azimuthalEquidistant.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoAzimuthalEquidistant), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/azimuthal-equidistant)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoAzimuthalEquidistantRaw\" name=\"geoAzimuthalEquidistantRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoAzimuthalEquidistantRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/azimuthalEquidistant.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/azimuthal-equidistant)\n\nThe azimuthal equidistant projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoBaker\" name=\"geoBaker\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBaker\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/baker.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/baker-dinomic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoBakerRaw\" name=\"geoBakerRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBakerRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/baker.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/baker-dinomic)\n\nThe Baker Dinomic projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoBerghaus\" name=\"geoBerghaus\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBerghaus\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/berghaus.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/berghaus-star)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoBerghausRaw\" name=\"geoBerghausRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBerghausRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003elobes\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/berghaus.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/berghaus-star)\n\nBerghaus’ star projection. The default center assumes the default [lobe number](#berghaus_lobes) of 5 and should be changed if a different number of lobes is used. Note: requires clipping to the sphere.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#berghaus_lobes\" name=\"berghaus_lobes\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003eberghaus\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003elobes\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003elobes\u003c/i\u003e]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/berghaus.js)\n\nIf *lobes* is specified, sets the number of lobes in the resulting star, and returns this projection. If *lobes* is not specified, returns the current lobe number, which defaults to 5.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoBertin1953\" name=\"geoBertin1953\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBertin1953\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/bertin.js)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoBertin1953Raw\" name=\"geoBertin1953Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBertin1953Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/bertin1953.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://visionscarto.net/bertin-projection-1953)\n\nJacques Bertin’s 1953 projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoBoggs\" name=\"geoBoggs\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBoggs\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/boggs.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/boggs-eumorphic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoBoggsRaw\" name=\"geoBoggsRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBoggsRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/boggs.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/boggs-eumorphic)\n\nThe Boggs eumorphic projection. More commonly used in [interrupted form](#geoInterruptedBoggs).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoBonne\" name=\"geoBonne\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBonne\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/bonne.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bonne)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoBonneRaw\" name=\"geoBonneRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBonneRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ephi0\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/bonne.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bonne)\n\nThe Bonne pseudoconical equal-area projection. The [Werner projection](https://observablehq.com/@d3/werner) is a limiting form of the Bonne projection with a standard parallel at ±90°. The default center assumes the default [parallel](#bonne_parallel) of 45° and should be changed if a different parallel is used.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#bonne_parallel\" name=\"bonne_parallel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ebonne\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eparallel\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eparallel\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 45°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoBottomley\" name=\"geoBottomley\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBottomley\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/bottomley.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bottomley)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoBottomleyRaw\" name=\"geoBottomleyRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBottomleyRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003esinPsi\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/bottomley.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bottomley)\n\nThe [Bottomley projection](https://cybergeo.revues.org/3977) “draws lines of latitude as concentric circular arcs, with arc lengths equal to their lengths on the globe, and placed symmetrically and equally spaced across the vertical central meridian.”\n\n\u003ca href=\"#bottomley_fraction\" name=\"bottomley_fraction\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ebottomley\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003efraction\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003efraction\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 0.5, corresponding to a sin(ψ) where ψ = π/6.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoBromley\" name=\"geoBromley\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBromley\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/bromley.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bromley)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoBromleyRaw\" name=\"geoBromleyRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoBromleyRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/bromley.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/bromley)\n\nThe Bromley projection is a rescaled [Mollweide projection](#geoMollweide).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoChamberlin\" name=\"geoChamberlin\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoChamberlin\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003epoint0\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003epoint1\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003epoint2\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/chamberlin.js)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoChamberlinRaw\" name=\"geoChamberlinRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoChamberlinRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ep0\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003ep1\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003ep2\u003c/i\u003e)\n\nThe Chamberlin trimetric projection. This method does not support [*projection*.rotate](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#projection_rotate): the three reference points implicitly determine a fixed rotation.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoChamberlinAfrica\" name=\"geoChamberlinAfrica\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoChamberlinAfrica\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/chamberlin.js)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/chamberlinAfrica.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/5625053)\n\nThe Chamberlin projection for Africa using points [0°, 22°], [45°, 22°], [22.5°, -22°].\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoCollignon\" name=\"geoCollignon\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCollignon\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/collignon.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/collignon)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoCollignonRaw\" name=\"geoCollignonRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCollignonRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/collignon.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/collignon)\n\nThe Collignon equal-area pseudocylindrical projection. This projection is used in the polar areas of the [HEALPix projection](#geoHealpix).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoConicConformal\" name=\"geoConicConformal\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoConicConformal\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/conicConformal.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoConicConformal), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-conformal)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoConicConformalRaw\" name=\"geoConicConformalRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoConicConformalRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/conicConformal.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-conformal)\n\nThe Lambert conformal conic projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoConicEqualArea\" name=\"geoConicEqualArea\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoConicEqualArea\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/conicEqualArea.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoConicEqualArea), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equal-area)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoConicEqualAreaRaw\" name=\"geoConicEqualAreaRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoConicEqualAreaRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/conicEqualArea.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equal-area)\n\nAlbers’ conic equal-area projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoConicEquidistant\" name=\"geoConicEquidistant\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoConicEquidistant\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/conicEquidistant.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoConicEquidistant), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equidistant)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoConicEquidistantRaw\" name=\"geoConicEquidistantRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoConicEquidistantRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/conicEquidistant.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/conic-equidistant)\n\nThe conic equidistant projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoCraig\" name=\"geoCraig\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCraig\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/craig.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/craig)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoCraigRaw\" name=\"geoCraigRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCraigRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ephi\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/craig.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/craig)\n\nThe Craig retroazimuthal projection. Note: this projection tends to [fold over itself](https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4459716) if the [standard parallel](#craig_parallel) is non-zero; we have not yet implemented the necessary advanced clipping to avoid overlap.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#craig_parallel\" name=\"craig_parallel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ecraig\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eparallel\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eparallel\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 0°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoCraster\" name=\"geoCraster\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCraster\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/craster.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/craster)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoCrasterRaw\" name=\"geoCrasterRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCrasterRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/craster.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/craster)\n\nThe Craster parabolic projection; also known as Putniņš P4.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoCylindricalEqualArea\" name=\"geoCylindricalEqualArea\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCylindricalEqualArea\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/cylindricalEqualArea.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@mbostock/cylindrical-equal-area-projections)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoCylindricalEqualAreaRaw\" name=\"geoCylindricalEqualAreaRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCylindricalEqualAreaRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ephi0\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/cylindricalEqualArea.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@mbostock/cylindrical-equal-area-projections)\n\nThe cylindrical equal-area projection. Depending on the chosen [parallel](#cylindricalEqualArea_parallel), this projection is also known as the Lambert cylindrical equal-area (0°), Behrmann (30°), Hobo–Dyer (37.5°), Gall–Peters (45°), Balthasart (50°) and Tobler world-in-a-square (~55.654°).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#cylindricalEqualArea_parallel\" name=\"cylindricalEqualArea_parallel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ecylindricalEqualArea\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eparallel\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eparallel\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to approximately 38.58°, fitting the world in a 960×500 rectangle.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoCylindricalStereographic\" name=\"geoCylindricalStereographic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCylindricalStereographic\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/cylindricalStereographic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/cylindrical-stereographic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoCylindricalStereographicRaw\" name=\"geoCylindricalStereographicRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoCylindricalStereographicRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ephi0\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/cylindricalStereographic.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/cylindrical-stereographic)\n\nThe cylindrical stereographic projection. Depending on the chosen [parallel](#cylindricalStereographic_parallel), this projection is also known as Braun’s stereographic (0°) and Gall’s stereographic (45°).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#cylindricalStereographic_parallel\" name=\"cylindricalStereographic_parallel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ecylindricalStereographic\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eparallel\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eparallel\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 0°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert1\" name=\"geoEckert1\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert1\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/eckert1.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-i)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert1Raw\" name=\"geoEckert1Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert1Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/eckert1.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-i)\n\nThe Eckert I projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert2\" name=\"geoEckert2\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert2\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/eckert2.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-ii)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert2Raw\" name=\"geoEckert2Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert2Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/eckert2.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-ii)\n\nThe Eckert II projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert3\" name=\"geoEckert3\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert3\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/eckert3.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-iii)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert3Raw\" name=\"geoEckert3Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert3Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/eckert3.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-iii)\n\nThe Eckert III projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert4\" name=\"geoEckert4\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert4\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/eckert4.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-iv)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert4Raw\" name=\"geoEckert4Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert4Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/eckert4.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-iv)\n\nThe Eckert IV projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert5\" name=\"geoEckert5\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert5\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/eckert5.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-v)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert5Raw\" name=\"geoEckert5Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert5Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/eckert5.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-v)\n\nThe Eckert V projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert6\" name=\"geoEckert6\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert6\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/eckert6.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-vi)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoEckert6Raw\" name=\"geoEckert6Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEckert6Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/eckert6.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eckert-vi)\n\nThe Eckert VI projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoEisenlohr\" name=\"geoEisenlohr\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEisenlohr\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/eisenlohr.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eisenlohr)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoEisenlohrRaw\" name=\"geoEisenlohrRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEisenlohrRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003elambda\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003ephi\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/eisenlohr.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/eisenlohr)\n\nThe Eisenlohr conformal projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoEquirectangular\" name=\"geoEquirectangular\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEquirectangular\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/equirectangular.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoEquirectangular), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/equirectangular)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoEquirectangularRaw\" name=\"geoEquirectangularRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoEquirectangularRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/equirectangular.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/equirectangular)\n\nThe equirectangular (plate carrée) projection. The [Cassini projection](https://observablehq.com/@d3/cassini) is the transverse aspect of the equirectangular projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoFahey\" name=\"geoFahey\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoFahey\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/fahey.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/fahey)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoFaheyRaw\" name=\"geoFaheyRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoFaheyRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/fahey.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/fahey)\n\nThe Fahey pseudocylindrical projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoFoucaut\" name=\"geoFoucaut\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoFoucaut\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/foucaut.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/foucaut)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoFoucautRaw\" name=\"geoFoucautRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoFoucautRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/foucaut.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/foucaut/)\n\nFoucaut’s stereographic equivalent projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoFoucautSinusoidal\" name=\"geoFoucautSinusoidal\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoFoucautSinusoidal\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/foucautSinusoidal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/foucaut-sinusoidal)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoFoucautSinusoidalRaw\" name=\"geoFoucautSinusoidalRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoFoucautSinusoidalRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/foucautSinusoidal.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/foucaut-sinusoidal)\n\nFoucaut’s sinusoidal projection, an equal-area average of the sinusoidal and Lambert’s cylindrical projections.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#foucautSinusoidal_alpha\" name=\"foucautSinusoidal_alpha\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003efoucautSinusoidal\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003ealpha\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003ealpha\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nRelative weight of the cylindrical projection. Defaults to 0.5.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGilbert\" name=\"geoGilbert\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGilbert\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003etype\u003c/i\u003e]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/gilbert.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gilbert)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/gilbert.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gilbert)\n\nGilbert’s two-world perspective projection. Wraps an instance of the specified projection *type*; if not specified, defaults to [d3.geoOrthographic](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoOrthographic).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGingery\" name=\"geoGingery\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGingery\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/gingery.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gingery)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoGingeryRaw\" name=\"geoGingeryRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGingeryRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003erho\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003elobes\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/gingery.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gingery)\n\nThe U.S.-centric Gingery world projection, as inspired by Cram’s Air Age. Note: requires clipping to the sphere.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#gingery_radius\" name=\"gingery_radius\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003egingery\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eradius\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eradius\u003c/i\u003e]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/gingery.js)\n\nDefaults to 30°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#gingery_lobes\" name=\"gingery_lobes\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003egingery\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003elobes\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003elobes\u003c/i\u003e]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/gingery.js)\n\nDefaults to 6.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg4\" name=\"geoGinzburg4\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg4\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/ginzburg4.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-iv)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg4Raw\" name=\"geoGinzburg4Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg4Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/ginzburg4.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-iv)\n\nThe Ginzburg IV projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg5\" name=\"geoGinzburg5\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg5\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/ginzburg5.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-v)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg5Raw\" name=\"geoGinzburg5Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg5Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/ginzburg5.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-v)\n\nThe Ginzburg V projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg6\" name=\"geoGinzburg6\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg6\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/ginzburg6.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-vi)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg6Raw\" name=\"geoGinzburg6Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg6Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/ginzburg6.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-vi)\n\nThe Ginzburg VI projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg8\" name=\"geoGinzburg8\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg8\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/ginzburg8.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-viii)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg8Raw\" name=\"geoGinzburg8Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg8Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/ginzburg8.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-viii)\n\nThe Ginzburg VIII projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg9\" name=\"geoGinzburg9\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg9\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/ginzburg9.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-ix)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoGinzburg9Raw\" name=\"geoGinzburg9Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGinzburg9Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/ginzburg9.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/ginzburg-ix)\n\nThe Ginzburg IX projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGnomonic\" name=\"geoGnomonic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGnomonic\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/gnomonic.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoGnomonic), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gnomonic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoGnomonicRaw\" name=\"geoGnomonicRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGnomonicRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/gnomonic.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gnomonic)\n\nThe gnomonic projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGringorten\" name=\"geoGringorten\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGringorten\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/gringorten.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gringorten)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoGringortenRaw\" name=\"geoGringortenRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGringortenRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/gringorten.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gringorten)\n\nThe Gringorten square equal-area projection, rearranged to give each hemisphere an entire square.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGuyou\" name=\"geoGuyou\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGuyou\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/guyou.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/guyou)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoGuyouRaw\" name=\"geoGuyouRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGuyouRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/guyou.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/guyou)\n\nThe Guyou hemisphere-in-a-square projection. Peirce is credited with its [quincuncial form](#geoPeirceQuincuncial).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoHammer\" name=\"geoHammer\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHammer\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/hammer.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoHammerRaw\" name=\"geoHammerRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHammerRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003eA\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eB\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/hammer.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer)\n\nThe Hammer projection. Depending the chosen coefficient and aspect, also known as [Eckert–Greifendorff](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer?b=4), [quartic authalic](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer?b=Infinity), and [Briesemeister](https://observablehq.com/@d3/briesemeister-projection).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#hammer_coefficient\" name=\"hammer_coefficient\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ehammer\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003ecoefficient\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003ecoefficient\u003c/i\u003e]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/hammer.js)\n\nDefaults to 2.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoHammerRetroazimuthal\" name=\"geoHammerRetroazimuthal\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHammerRetroazimuthal\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/hammerRetroazimuthal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer-retroazimuthal)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoHammerRetroazimuthalRaw\" name=\"geoHammerRetroazimuthalRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHammerRetroazimuthalRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ephi0\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/hammerRetroazimuthal.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer-retroazimuthal)\n\nThe Hammer retroazimuthal projection. Note: requires clipping to the sphere.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#hammerRetroazimuthal_parallel\" name=\"hammerRetroazimuthal_parallel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ehammerRetroazimuthal\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eparallel\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eparallel\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 45°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoHealpix\" name=\"geoHealpix\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHealpix\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/healpix.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/healpix)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoHealpixRaw\" name=\"geoHealpixRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHealpixRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003elobes\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/healpix.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/healpix)\n\nThe HEALPix projection: a \u003cb\u003eH\u003c/b\u003eierarchical \u003cb\u003eE\u003c/b\u003equal \u003cb\u003eA\u003c/b\u003erea iso\u003cb\u003eL\u003c/b\u003eatitude \u003cb\u003ePix\u003c/b\u003eelisation of a 2-sphere. In this implementation, the parameter *K* is fixed at 3. Note: requires clipping to the sphere.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#healpix_lobes\" name=\"healpix_lobes\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ehealpix\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003elobes\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003elobes\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nIf *lobes* is specified, sets the number of lobes (the parameter *H* in the literature) and returns this projection. If *lobes* is not specified, returns the current lobe number, which defaults to 4.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoHill\" name=\"geoHill\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHill\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/hill.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hill-eucyclic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoHillRaw\" name=\"geoHillRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHillRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003eK\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/hill.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hill-eucyclic)\n\nHill eucyclic projection is pseudoconic and equal-area.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#hill_ratio\" name=\"hill_ratio\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ehill\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eratio\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eratio\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 1. With a ratio of 0, this projection becomes the [Maurer No. 73](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hill-eucyclic?b=0). As it approaches ∞, the projection converges to the [Eckert IV](#geoEckert4).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoHomolosine\" name=\"geoHomolosine\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHomolosine\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/homolosine.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/goode-homolosine)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoHomolosineRaw\" name=\"geoHomolosineRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHomolosineRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/homolosine.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/goode-homolosine)\n\nThe pseudocylindrical, equal-area Goode homolosine projection is normally presented in [interrupted form](#geoInterruptedHomolosine).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoHufnagel\" name=\"geoHufnagel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHufnagel\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/hufnagel.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@fil/hufnagel-projection)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoHufnagelRaw\" name=\"geoHufnagelRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHufnagelRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/hufnagel.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@fil/hufnagel-projection)\n\nA customizable family of pseudocylindrical equal-area projections by Herbert Hufnagel.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#hufnagel_a\" name=\"hufnagel_a\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ehufnagel\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003ea\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003ea\u003c/i\u003e])\n\n\u003ca href=\"#hufnagel_b\" name=\"hufnagel_b\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ehufnagel\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eb\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eb\u003c/i\u003e])\n\n\u003ca href=\"#hufnagel_psiMax\" name=\"hufnagel_psiMax\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ehufnagel\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003epsiMax\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003epsiMax\u003c/i\u003e])\n\n\u003ca href=\"#hufnagel_ratio\" name=\"hufnagel_ratio\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ehufnagel\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eratio\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eratio\u003c/i\u003e])\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoHyperelliptical\" name=\"geoHyperelliptical\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHyperelliptical\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/hyperelliptical.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@fil/toblers-hyperelliptical-projection)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoHyperellipticalRaw\" name=\"geoHyperellipticalRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoHyperellipticalRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/hyperelliptical.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@fil/toblers-hyperelliptical-projection)\n\nWaldo R. Tobler’s hyperelliptical is a family of equal-area pseudocylindrical projections. Parameters include _k_, the exponent of the superellipse (or Lamé curve) that defines the shape of the meridians (default _k_ = 2.5); _alpha_, which governs the weight of the cylindrical projection that is averaged with the superellipse (default _alpha_ = 0); and _gamma_, that shapes the aspect ratio (default: _gamma_ = 1.183136).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoKavrayskiy7\" name=\"geoKavrayskiy7\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoKavrayskiy7\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/kavrayskiy7.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/kavrayskiy-vii)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoKavrayskiy7Raw\" name=\"geoKavrayskiy7Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoKavrayskiy7Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/kavrayskiy7.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/kavrayskiy-vii)\n\nThe Kavrayskiy VII pseudocylindrical projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoLagrange\" name=\"geoLagrange\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLagrange\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/lagrange.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/lagrange)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoLagrangeRaw\" name=\"geoLagrangeRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLagrangeRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003en\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/lagrange.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/lagrange)\n\nThe Lagrange conformal projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#lagrange_spacing\" name=\"lagrange_spacing\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003elagrange\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003espacing\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003espacing\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 0.5.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoLarrivee\" name=\"geoLarrivee\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLarrivee\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/larrivee.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/larrivee)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoLarriveeRaw\" name=\"geoLarriveeRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLarriveeRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/larrivee.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/larrivee)\n\nThe Larrivée projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoLaskowski\" name=\"geoLaskowski\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLaskowski\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/laskowski.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/laskowski-tri-optimal)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoLaskowskiRaw\" name=\"geoLaskowskiRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLaskowskiRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/laskowski.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/laskowski-tri-optimal)\n\nThe Laskowski tri-optimal projection simultaneously minimizes distance, angular, and areal distortion.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoLittrow\" name=\"geoLittrow\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLittrow\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/littrow.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/littrow)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoLittrowRaw\" name=\"geoLittrowRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLittrowRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/littrow.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/littrow)\n\nThe Littrow projection is the only conformal retroazimuthal map projection. Typically clipped to the geographic extent [[-90°, -60°], [90°, 60°]].\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoLoximuthal\" name=\"geoLoximuthal\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLoximuthal\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/loximuthal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/loximuthal)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoLoximuthalRaw\" name=\"geoLoximuthalRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoLoximuthalRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ephi0\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/loximuthal.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/loximuthal)\n\nThe [loximuthal projection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loximuthal_projection) is “characterized by the fact that loxodromes (rhumb lines) from one chosen central point (the intersection of the central meridian and central latitude) are shown as straight lines, correct in azimuth from the center, and are ‘true to scale’… It is neither an equal-area projection nor conformal.”\n\n\u003ca href=\"#loximuthal_parallel\" name=\"loximuthal_parallel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003eloximuthal\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eparallel\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eparallel\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 40°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoMercator\" name=\"geoMercator\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMercator\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/mercator.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoMercator), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mercator)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoMercatorRaw\" name=\"geoMercatorRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMercatorRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/mercator.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mercator)\n\nThe spherical Mercator projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoMiller\" name=\"geoMiller\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMiller\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/miller.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/miller)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoMillerRaw\" name=\"geoMillerRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMillerRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/miller.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/miller)\n\nThe Miller cylindrical projection is a modified [Mercator](#geoMercator) projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoModifiedStereographic\" name=\"geoModifiedStereographic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoModifiedStereographic\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ecoefficients\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003erotate\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/modifiedStereographic.js)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoModifiedStereographicRaw\" name=\"geoModifiedStereographicRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoModifiedStereographicRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ecoefficients\u003c/i\u003e)\n\nThe family of [modified stereographic projections](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/). The default [clip angle](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#projection_clipAngle) for these projections is 90°. These projections do not support [*projection*.rotate](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#projection_rotate): a fixed rotation is applied that is specific to the given *coefficients*.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoModifiedStereographicAlaska\" name=\"geoModifiedStereographicAlaska\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoModifiedStereographicAlaska\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/modifiedStereographic.js)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/modifiedStereographicAlaska.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/alaska/)\n\nA [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for Alaska.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoModifiedStereographicGs48\" name=\"geoModifiedStereographicGs48\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoModifiedStereographicGs48\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/modifiedStereographic.js)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/modifiedStereographicGs48.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/gs48/)\n\nA [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for the conterminous United States.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoModifiedStereographicGs50\" name=\"geoModifiedStereographicGs50\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoModifiedStereographicGs50\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/modifiedStereographic.js)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/modifiedStereographicGs50.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/gs50/)\n\nA [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for the United States including Alaska and Hawaii. Typically clipped to the geographic extent [[-180°, 15°], [-50°, 75°]].\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoModifiedStereographicMiller\" name=\"geoModifiedStereographicMiller\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoModifiedStereographicMiller\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/modifiedStereographic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/miller-oblated-stereographic)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/modifiedStereographicMiller.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/miller/)\n\nA [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for Europe and Africa. Typically clipped to the geographic extent [[-40°, -40°], [80°, 80°]].\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoModifiedStereographicLee\" name=\"geoModifiedStereographicLee\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoModifiedStereographicLee\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/modifiedStereographic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/lee-oblated-stereographic)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/modifiedStereographicLee.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/modified-stereographic/lee/)\n\nA [modified stereographic](#geoModifiedStereographic) projection for the Pacific ocean.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoMollweide\" name=\"geoMollweide\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMollweide\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/mollweide.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mollweide)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoMollweideRaw\" name=\"geoMollweideRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMollweideRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/mollweide.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mollweide)\n\nThe equal-area, pseudocylindrical Mollweide projection. The oblique aspect is known as the [Atlantis projection](https://observablehq.com/@d3/atlantis). [Goode’s interrupted Mollweide](#interruptedMollweide) is also widely known.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoMtFlatPolarParabolic\" name=\"geoMtFlatPolarParabolic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMtFlatPolarParabolic\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/mtFlatPolarParabolic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-parabolic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoMtFlatPolarParabolicRaw\" name=\"geoMtFlatPolarParabolicRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMtFlatPolarParabolicRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/mtFlatPolarParabolic.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-parabolic)\n\nThe McBryde–Thomas flat-polar parabolic pseudocylindrical equal-area projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoMtFlatPolarQuartic\" name=\"geoMtFlatPolarQuartic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMtFlatPolarQuartic\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/mtFlatPolarQuartic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-quartic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoMtFlatPolarQuarticRaw\" name=\"geoMtFlatPolarQuarticRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMtFlatPolarQuarticRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/mtFlatPolarQuartic.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-quartic)\n\nThe McBryde–Thomas flat-polar quartic pseudocylindrical equal-area projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidal\" name=\"geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidal\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMtFlatPolarSinusoidal\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/mtFlatPolarSinusoidal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-sinusoidal)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidalRaw\" name=\"geoMtFlatPolarSinusoidalRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoMtFlatPolarSinusoidalRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/mtFlatPolarSinusoidal.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/flat-polar-sinusoidal)\n\nThe McBryde–Thomas flat-polar sinusoidal equal-area projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoNaturalEarth1\" name=\"geoNaturalEarth1\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoNaturalEarth1\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/naturalEarth1.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoNaturalEarth1), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/natural-earth)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoNaturalEarth1Raw\" name=\"geoNaturalEarth1Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoNaturalEarth1Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/naturalEarth1.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/natural-earth)\n\nThe Natural Earth projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoNaturalEarth2\" name=\"geoNaturalEarth2\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoNaturalEarth2\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/naturalEarth2.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/natural-earth-ii)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoNaturalEarth2Raw\" name=\"geoNaturalEarth2Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoNaturalEarth2Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/naturalEarth2.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/natural-earth-ii)\n\nThe [Natural Earth II](http://www.shadedrelief.com/NE2_proj/) projection. Compared to [Natural Earth](#geoNaturalEarth), it is slightly taller and rounder.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoNellHammer\" name=\"geoNellHammer\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoNellHammer\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/nellHammer.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/nell-hammer)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoNellHammerRaw\" name=\"geoNellHammerRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoNellHammerRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/nellHammer.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/nell-hammer)\n\nThe Nell–Hammer projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoNicolosi\" name=\"geoNicolosi\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoNicolosi\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/nicolosi.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@toja/nicolosi-globular-projection)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoNicolosiRaw\" name=\"geoNicolosiRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoNicolosiRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/nicolosi.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@toja/nicolosi-globular-projection)\n\nThe Nicolosi globular projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoOrthographic\" name=\"geoOrthographic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoOrthographic\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/orthographic.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoOrthographic), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/orthographic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoOrthographicRaw\" name=\"geoOrthographicRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoOrthographicRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/orthographic.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/orthographic)\n\nThe orthographic projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoPatterson\" name=\"geoPatterson\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoPatterson\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/patterson.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/patterson-cylindrical)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoPattersonRaw\" name=\"geoPattersonRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoPattersonRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/patterson.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/patterson-cylindrical)\n\nThe Patterson cylindrical projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoPolyconic\" name=\"geoPolyconic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoPolyconic\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/polyconic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/polyconic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoPolyconicRaw\" name=\"geoPolyconicRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoPolyconicRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/polyconic.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/polyconic)\n\nThe American polyconic projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoRectangularPolyconic\" name=\"geoRectangularPolyconic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoRectangularPolyconic\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/rectangularPolyconic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/rectangular-polyconic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoRectangularPolyconicRaw\" name=\"geoRectangularPolyconicRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoRectangularPolyconicRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ephi0\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/rectangularPolyconic.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/rectangular-polyconic)\n\nThe rectangular (War Office) polyconic projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#rectangularPolyconic_parallel\" name=\"rectangularPolyconic_parallel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003erectangularPolyconic\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eparallel\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eparallel\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 0°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoRobinson\" name=\"geoRobinson\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoRobinson\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/robinson.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/robinson)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoRobinsonRaw\" name=\"geoRobinsonRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoRobinsonRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/robinson.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/robinson)\n\nThe Robinson projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoSatellite\" name=\"geoSatellite\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoSatellite\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/satellite.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/satellite)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoSatelliteRaw\" name=\"geoSatelliteRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoSatelliteRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003eP\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eomega\u003c/i\u003e)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/satellite.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/satellite)\n\nThe satellite (tilted perspective) projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#satellite_tilt\" name=\"satellite_tilt\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003esatellite\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003etilt\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003etilt\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 0°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#satellite_distance\" name=\"satellite_distance\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003esatellite\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003edistance\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003edistance\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDistance from the center of the sphere to the point of view, as a proportion of the sphere’s radius; defaults to 2.0. The recommended maximum [clip angle](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#projection_clipAngle) for a given *distance* is acos(1 / *distance*) converted to degrees. If [tilt](#satellite_tilt) is also applied, then more conservative clipping may be necessary. For exact clipping, the in-development geographic projection pipeline is needed; see the [satellite explorer](https://observablehq.com/@d3/satellite-explorer).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoSinusoidal\" name=\"geoSinusoidal\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoSinusoidal\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/sinusoidal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/sinusoidal)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoSinusoidalRaw\" name=\"geoSinusoidalRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoSinusoidalRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/sinusoidal.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/sinusoidal)\n\nThe sinusoidal projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoSinuMollweide\" name=\"geoSinuMollweide\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoSinuMollweide\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/sinuMollweide.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/sinu-mollweide)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoSinuMollweideRaw\" name=\"geoSinuMollweideRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoSinuMollweideRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/sinuMollweide.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/sinu-mollweide)\n\nAllen K. Philbrick’s Sinu-Mollweide projection. See also the [interrupted form](#interruptedSinuMollweide).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoStereographic\" name=\"geoStereographic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoStereographic\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/stereographic.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoStereographic), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/stereographic)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoStereographicRaw\" name=\"geoStereographicRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoStereographicRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/stereographic.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/stereographic)\n\nThe stereographic projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoTimes\" name=\"geoTimes\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTimes\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/times.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/times)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoTimesRaw\" name=\"geoTimesRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTimesRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/times.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/times)\n\nJohn Muir’s Times projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoTransverseMercator\" name=\"geoTransverseMercator\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTransverseMercator\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/src/projection/transverseMercator.js) [\\[d3-geo\\]](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoTransverseMercator), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/transverse-mercator)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoTransverseMercatorRaw\" name=\"geoTransverseMercatorRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTransverseMercatorRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo/main/img/transverseMercator.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/transverse-mercator)\n\nThe transverse spherical Mercator projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoTwoPointAzimuthal\" name=\"geoTwoPointAzimuthal\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTwoPointAzimuthal\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003epoint0\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003epoint1\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/twoPointAzimuthal.js)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoTwoPointAzimuthalRaw\" name=\"geoTwoPointAzimuthalRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTwoPointAzimuthalRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ed\u003c/i\u003e)\n\nThe two-point azimuthal projection “shows correct azimuths (but not distances) from either of two points to any other point. [It can] be used to locate a ship at sea, given the exact location of two radio transmitters and the direction of the ship to the transmitters.” This projection does not support [*projection*.rotate](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#projection_rotate), as the rotation is fixed by the two given points.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoTwoPointAzimuthalUsa\" name=\"geoTwoPointAzimuthalUsa\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTwoPointAzimuthalUsa\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/twoPointAzimuthal.js)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/twoPointAzimuthalUsa.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/two-point-azimuthal/)\n\nThe two-point azimuthal projection with points [-158°, 21.5°] and [-77°, 39°], approximately representing Honolulu, HI and Washington, D.C.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoTwoPointEquidistant\" name=\"geoTwoPointEquidistant\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTwoPointEquidistant\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003epoint0\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003epoint1\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/twoPointEquidistant.js)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoTwoPointEquidistantRaw\" name=\"geoTwoPointEquidistantRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTwoPointEquidistantRaw\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003ez0\u003c/i\u003e)\n\nThe two-point equidistant projection. This projection does not support [*projection*.rotate](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#projection_rotate), as the rotation is fixed by the two given points. Note: to show the whole Earth, this projection requires clipping to spherical polygons ([example](https://observablehq.com/@d3/two-point-equidistant)).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoTwoPointEquidistantUsa\" name=\"geoTwoPointEquidistantUsa\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoTwoPointEquidistantUsa\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/twoPointEquidistant.js)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/twoPointEquidistantUsa.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/two-point-equidistant/)\n\nThe two-point equidistant projection with points [-158°, 21.5°] and [-77°, 39°], approximately representing Honolulu, HI and Washington, D.C.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoVanDerGrinten\" name=\"geoVanDerGrinten\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoVanDerGrinten\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/vanDerGrinten.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/van-der-grinten-i)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoVanDerGrintenRaw\" name=\"geoVanDerGrintenRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoVanDerGrintenRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/vanDerGrinten.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/van-der-grinten-i)\n\nThe Van der Grinten projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoVanDerGrinten2\" name=\"geoVanDerGrinten2\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoVanDerGrinten2\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/vanDerGrinten2.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/van-der-grinten-ii)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoVanDerGrinten2Raw\" name=\"geoVanDerGrinten2Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoVanDerGrinten2Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/vanDerGrinten2.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/van-der-grinten-ii)\n\nThe Van der Grinten II projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoVanDerGrinten3\" name=\"geoVanDerGrinten3\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoVanDerGrinten3\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/vanDerGrinten3.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/van-der-grinten-iii)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoVanDerGrinten3Raw\" name=\"geoVanDerGrinten3Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoVanDerGrinten3Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/vanDerGrinten3.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/van-der-grinten-iii)\n\nThe Van der Grinten III projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoVanDerGrinten4\" name=\"geoVanDerGrinten4\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoVanDerGrinten4\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/vanDerGrinten4.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/van-der-grinten-iv)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoVanDerGrinten4Raw\" name=\"geoVanDerGrinten4Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoVanDerGrinten4Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/vanDerGrinten4.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/van-der-grinten-iv)\n\nThe Van der Grinten IV projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoWagner\" name=\"geoWagner\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWagner\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/wagner.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@fil/wagner-customizable-projection)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoWagnerRaw\" name=\"geoWagnerRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWagnerRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/wagner.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://map-projections.net/d3-customizable-wagner/)\n\nThe Wagner projection is customizable: default values produce the Wagner VIII projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#wagner_poleline\" name=\"wagner_poleline\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ewagner\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003epoleline\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003epoleline\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 65°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#wagner_parallels\" name=\"wagner_parallels\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ewagner\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eparallels\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eparallels\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 60°.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#wagner_inflation\" name=\"wagner_inflation\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ewagner\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003einflation\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003einflation\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 20.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#wagner_ratio\" name=\"wagner_ratio\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003ewagner\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003eratio\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003eratio\u003c/i\u003e])\n\nDefaults to 200.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoWagner4\" name=\"geoWagner4\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWagner4\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/wagner4.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/wagner-iv)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoWagner4Raw\" name=\"geoWagner4Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWagner4Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/wagner4.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/wagner-iv)\n\nThe Wagner IV projection, also known as Putniṇš P2´.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoWagner6\" name=\"geoWagner6\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWagner6\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/wagner6.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/wagner-vi)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoWagner6Raw\" name=\"geoWagner6Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWagner6Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/wagner6.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/wagner-vi)\n\nThe Wagner VI projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoWagner7\" name=\"geoWagner7\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWagner7\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/wagner7.js), [Examples](ttps://observablehq.com/@d3/wagner-vii)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/wagner7.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/wagner-vii)\n\nThe Wagner VII projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoWiechel\" name=\"geoWiechel\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWiechel\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/wiechel.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/wiechel)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoWiechelRaw\" name=\"geoWiechelRaw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWiechelRaw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/wiechel.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/wiechel)\n\nThe Wiechel projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoWinkel3\" name=\"geoWinkel3\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWinkel3\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/winkel3.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/winkel-tripel)\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoWinkel3Raw\" name=\"geoWinkel3Raw\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoWinkel3Raw\u003c/b\u003e\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/winkel3.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/winkel-tripel)\n\nThe Winkel tripel projection.\n\n### Interrupted Projections\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoInterrupt\" name=\"geoInterrupt\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoInterrupt\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003eproject\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003elobes\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/interrupted/index.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-sinusoidal)\n\nDefines a new interrupted projection for the specified [raw projection](#raw-projections) function *project* and the specified array of *lobes*. The array *lobes* contains two elements representing the hemilobes for the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere, respectively. Each hemilobe is an array of triangles, with each triangle represented as three points (in degrees): the start, midpoint, and end. For example, the lobes in [Goode’s interrupted homolosine](#geoInterruptedHomolosine) projection are defined as:\n\n```json\n[\n  [\n    [[-180,   0], [-100,  90], [ -40,   0]],\n    [[ -40,   0], [  30,  90], [ 180,   0]]\n  ],\n  [\n    [[-180,   0], [-160, -90], [-100,   0]],\n    [[-100,   0], [ -60, -90], [ -20,   0]],\n    [[ -20,   0], [  20, -90], [  80,   0]],\n    [[  80,   0], [ 140, -90], [ 180,   0]]\n  ]\n]\n```\n\nNote: interrupted projections typically require clipping to the sphere.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#interrupted_lobes\" name=\"interrupted_lobes\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003ci\u003einterrupted\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cb\u003elobes\u003c/b\u003e([\u003ci\u003elobes\u003c/i\u003e]) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/interrupted/index.js)\n\nIf *lobes* is specified, sets the new array of hemilobes and returns this projection; see [d3.geoInterrupt](#geoInterrupt) for details on the format of the hemilobes array. If *lobes* is not specified, returns the current array of hemilobes.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoInterruptedHomolosine\" name=\"geoInterruptedHomolosine\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoInterruptedHomolosine\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/interrupted/homolosine.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-goode-homolosine)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/interruptedHomolosine.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-goode-homolosine)\n\nGoode’s interrupted [homolosine projection](#geoHomolosine). Its [ocean-centric aspect](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-homolosine-oceans) is also well-known.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoInterruptedSinusoidal\" name=\"geoInterruptedSinusoidal\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoInterruptedSinusoidal\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/interrupted/sinusoidal.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-sinusoidal)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/interruptedSinusoidal.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-sinusoidal)\n\nAn interrupted [sinusoidal projection](#geoSinusoidal) with asymmetrical lobe boundaries that emphasize land masses over oceans, after the Swedish \u003ci\u003eNordisk Världs Atlas\u003c/i\u003e as reproduced by [C.A. Furuti](https://web.archive.org/web/20150928042327/http://www.progonos.com/furuti/MapProj/Normal/ProjInt/projInt.html#InterruptedSansonFlamsteed).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoInterruptedBoggs\" name=\"geoInterruptedBoggs\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoInterruptedBoggs\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/interrupted/boggs.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-boggs-eumorphic)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/interruptedBoggs.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-boggs-eumorphic)\n\nBogg’s interrupted [eumorphic projection](#geoBoggs).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoInterruptedSinuMollweide\" name=\"geoInterruptedSinuMollweide\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoInterruptedSinuMollweide\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/interrupted/sinuMollweide.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-sinu-mollweide)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/interruptedSinuMollweide.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-sinu-mollweide)\n\nAlan K. Philbrick’s interrupted [sinu-Mollweide projection](#geoSinuMollweide).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoInterruptedMollweide\" name=\"geoInterruptedMollweide\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoInterruptedMollweide\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/interrupted/mollweide.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-mollweide)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/interruptedMollweide.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/interrupted-mollweide)\n\nGoode’s interrupted [Mollweide projection](#geoMollweide).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoInterruptedMollweideHemispheres\" name=\"geoInterruptedMollweideHemispheres\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoInterruptedMollweideHemispheres\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/interrupted/mollweideHemispheres.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mollweide-hemispheres)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/interruptedMollweideHemispheres.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/mollweide-hemispheres)\n\nThe [Mollweide projection](#geoMollweide) interrupted into two (equal-area) hemispheres.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoInterruptedQuarticAuthalic\" name=\"geoInterruptedQuarticAuthalic\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoInterruptedQuarticAuthalic\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/quarticAuthalic.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@piwodlaiwo/interrupted-quartic-authalic-projection)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/interruptedQuarticAuthalic.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@piwodlaiwo/interrupted-quartic-authalic-projection)\n\nThe [quartic authalic projection](https://observablehq.com/@d3/hammer?b=Infinity) interrupted into two hemispheres.\n\n### Polyhedral Projections\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoPolyhedral\" name=\"geoPolyhedral\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoPolyhedral\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003eroot\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eface\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/polyhedral/index.js)\n\nDefines a new polyhedral projection. The *root* is a spanning tree of polygon face nodes; each *node* is assigned a *node*.transform matrix. The *face* function returns the appropriate *node* for a given *lambda* and *phi* in radians. Use [*projection*.angle](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#projection_angle) to set the orientation of the map (the default *angle*, -30°, might change in the next major version).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoPolyhedralButterfly\" name=\"geoPolyhedralButterfly\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoPolyhedralButterfly\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/polyhedral/butterfly.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/polyhedral-gnomonic)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/polyhedralButterfly.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/polyhedral-gnomonic)\n\nThe gnomonic butterfly projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoPolyhedralCollignon\" name=\"geoPolyhedralCollignon\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoPolyhedralCollignon\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/polyhedral/collignon.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/polyhedral-collignon)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/polyhedralCollignon.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/collignon-butterfly/)\n\nThe Collignon butterfly projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoPolyhedralWaterman\" name=\"geoPolyhedralWaterman\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoPolyhedralWaterman\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/polyhedral/waterman.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/watermans-butterfly)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/polyhedralWaterman.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://www.jasondavies.com/maps/waterman-butterfly/)\n\nSteve Waterman’s butterfly projection.\n\n### Quincuncial Projections\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoQuincuncial\" name=\"geoQuincuncial\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoQuincuncial\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003eproject\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/quincuncial/index.js)\n\nDefines a new quincuncial projection for the specified [raw projection](#raw-projections) function *project*. The default rotation is [-90°, -90°, 45°] and the default clip angle is 180° - ε.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoGringortenQuincuncial\" name=\"geoGringortenQuincuncial\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoGringortenQuincuncial\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/quincuncial/gringorten.js), [Examples](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gringorten-quincuncial)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/gringortenQuincuncial.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/gringorten-quincuncial)\n\nThe Gringorten square equal-area projection.\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoPeirceQuincuncial\" name=\"geoPeirceQuincuncial\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoPeirceQuincuncial\u003c/b\u003e() · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/quincuncial/peirce.js)\n\n[\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/main/img/peirceQuincuncial.png\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\"\u003e](https://observablehq.com/@d3/peirce-quincuncial)\n\nThe Peirce quincuncial projection is the quincuncial form of the [Guyou projection](#geoGuyou).\n\n### Transformations\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoProject\" name=\"geoProject\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoProject\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003eobject\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eprojection\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/project/index.js)\n\nProjects the specified GeoJSON *object* using the specified *projection*, returning a shallow copy of the specified GeoJSON *object* with projected coordinates. Typically, the input coordinates are spherical and the output coordinates are planar, but the *projection* can also be an [arbitrary geometric transformation](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#transforms).\n\nSee also [geoproject](#geoproject-bin).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoStitch\" name=\"geoStitch\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoStitch\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003eobject\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/stitch.js)\n\nReturns a shallow copy of the specified GeoJSON *object*, removing antimeridian and polar cuts, and replacing straight Cartesian line segments with geodesic segments. The input *object* must have coordinates in longitude and latitude in decimal degrees per [RFC 7946](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946). [Antimeridian cutting](https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/3788999), if needed, can then be re-applied after rotating to the desired projection aspect.\n\nSee also [geostitch](#geostitch-bin).\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoQuantize\" name=\"geoQuantize\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e d3.\u003cb\u003egeoQuantize\u003c/b\u003e(\u003ci\u003eobject\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003edigits\u003c/i\u003e) · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/src/quantize.js)\n\nReturns a shallow copy of the specified GeoJSON *object*, rounding *x* and *y* coordinates according to [*number*.toFixed](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Number/toFixed). Typically this is done *after* [projecting](#geoProject).\n\nSee also [geoproject --precision](#geoproject_precision) and [geo2svg --precision](#geo2svg_precision).\n\n## Command-Line Reference\n\n### geo2svg\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geo2svg\" name=\"geo2svg\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003cb\u003egeo2svg\u003c/b\u003e [\u003ci\u003eoptions…\u003c/i\u003e] [\u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e] · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/bin/geo2svg)\n\nConverts the specified GeoJSON *file* to SVG. With [--newline-delimited](#geo2svg_newline_delimited), each input feature is rendered as a separate [path element](https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html); otherwise, a single path element is generated.\n\nBy default, the SVG’s [fill](#geo2svg_fill) is set to none and the [stroke](#geo2svg_stroke) is set to black. The default [point radius](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#path_pointRadius) is 4.5. To override these values on a per-feature basis, the following [GeoJSON feature](http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html#feature-objects) properties will be propagated to attributes:\n\n* fill\n* fill-rule (or fillRule)\n* fill-opacity (or fillOpacity)\n* stroke\n* stroke-width (or strokeWidth)\n* stroke-linecap (or strokeLinecap)\n* stroke-linejoin (or strokeLinejoin)\n* stroke-miterlimit (or strokeMiterlimit)\n* stroke-dasharray (or strokeDasharray)\n* stroke-dashoffset (or strokeDashoffset)\n* stroke-opacity (or strokeOpacity)\n* point-radius (or pointRadius)\n\nIf the feature has an id, the path element will have a corresponding id attribute. If the feature has a *title* property, the path element will have a title element with the corresponding value. For an example of per-feature attributes, see this [California population density map](https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/fb6c1e5ff700f9713a9dc2f0fd392c35).\n\nNote: per-feature attributes are most useful in conjunction with [newline-delimited](#geo2svg_newline_delimited) input, as otherwise the generated SVG only has a single path element. To set these properties dynamically, pass the input through [ndjson-map](https://github.com/mbostock/ndjson-cli/blob/main/README.md#map).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_help\" href=\"#geo2svg_help\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e-h\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geo2svg_help\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--help\u003c/b\u003e\n\nOutput usage information.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_version\" href=\"#geo2svg_version\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e-V\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geo2svg_version\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--version\u003c/b\u003e\n\nOutput the version number.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_out\" href=\"#geo2svg_out\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e-o\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geo2svg_out\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--out\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSpecify the output file name. Defaults to “-” for stdout.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_width\" href=\"#geo2svg_width\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e-w\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geo2svg_width\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--width\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSpecify the output width. Defaults to 960.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_height\" href=\"#geo2svg_height\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e-h\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geo2svg_height\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--height\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSpecify the output height. Defaults to 500.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_precision\" href=\"#geo2svg_precision\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e-p\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geo2svg_precision\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--precision\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nReduce the precision for smaller output files. Defaults to six digits after the decimal point. See also [d3.geoQuantize](#geoQuantize).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_fill\" href=\"#geo2svg_fill\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--fill\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSpecify the default output fill color. Defaults to none.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_stroke\" href=\"#geo2svg_stroke\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--stroke\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSpecify the default output stroke color. Defaults to black.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_radius\" href=\"#geo2svg_radius\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--r\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_radius\" href=\"#geo2svg_radius\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--radius\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSpecify the default output point radius. Defaults to 4.5.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geo2svg_newline_delimited\" href=\"#geo2svg_newline_delimited\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e-n\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geo2svg_newline_delimited\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geo2svg \u003cb\u003e--newline-delimited\u003c/b\u003e\n\nAccept [newline-delimited JSON](http://ndjson.org/) as input, with one feature per line.\n\n### geograticule\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geograticule\" name=\"geograticule\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003cb\u003egeograticule\u003c/b\u003e [\u003ci\u003eoptions\u003c/i\u003e…] · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/bin/geograticule)\n\nGenerates a GeoJSON graticule. See also [d3.geoGraticule](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoGraticule).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_help\" href=\"#geograticule_help\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e-h\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geograticule_help\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--help\u003c/b\u003e\n\nOutput usage information.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_version\" href=\"#geograticule_version\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e-V\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geograticule_version\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--version\u003c/b\u003e\n\nOutput the version number.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_out\" href=\"#geograticule_out\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e-o\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geograticule_out\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--out\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSpecify the output file name. Defaults to “-” for stdout.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_extent\" href=\"#geograticule_extent\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--extent\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSets the graticule’s [extent](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#graticule_extent).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_extent_minor\" href=\"#geograticule_extent_minor\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--extent-minor\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSets the graticule’s [minor extent](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#graticule_extentMinor).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_extent_major\" href=\"#geograticule_extent_major\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--extent-major\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSets the graticule’s [major extent](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#graticule_extentMajor).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_step\" href=\"#geograticule_step\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--step\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSets the graticule’s [step](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#graticule_step).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_step_minor\" href=\"#geograticule_step_minor\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--step-minor\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSets the graticule’s [minor step](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#graticule_stepMinor).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_step_major\" href=\"#geograticule_step_major\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--step-major\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSets the graticule’s [major setp](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#graticule_stepMajor).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geograticule_precision\" href=\"#geograticule_precision\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geograticule \u003cb\u003e--precision\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSets the graticule’s [precision](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#graticule_precision).\n\n### geoproject\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoproject-bin\" name=\"geoproject-bin\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003cb\u003egeoproject\u003c/b\u003e [\u003ci\u003eoptions\u003c/i\u003e…] \u003ci\u003eprojection\u003c/i\u003e [\u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e] · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/bin/geoproject)\n\nProjects the GeoJSON object in the specified input *file* using the specified *projection*, outputting a new GeoJSON *object* with projected coordinates. For example, to project standard [WGS 84](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System#A_new_World_Geodetic_System:_WGS_84) input using [d3.geoAlbersUsa](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoAlbersUsa):\n\n```bash\ngeoproject 'd3.geoAlbersUsa()' us.json \\\n  \u003e us-albers.json\n```\n\nFor geometry that crosses the antimeridian or surrounds a pole, you will want to pass input through [geostitch](#geostitch-bin) first:\n\n```bash\ngeostitch world.json \\\n  | geoproject 'd3.geoMercator()' \\\n  \u003e world-mercator.json\n```\n\nTypically, the input coordinates are spherical and the output coordinates are planar, but the *projection* can also be an [arbitrary geometric transformation](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#transforms). For example, to invert the *y*-axis of a standard [spatial reference system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_reference_system) such as [California Albers (EPSG:3310)](http://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/nad83-california-albers/) and fit it to a 960×500 viewport:\n\n```bash\nshp2json planar.shp \\\n  | geoproject 'd3.geoIdentity().reflectY(true).fitSize([960, 500], d)' \\\n  \u003e planar.json\n```\n\nSee also [d3.geoProject](#geoProject) and [d3.geoIdentity](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo/blob/main/README.md#geoIdentity).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geoproject_help\" href=\"#geoproject_help\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e-h\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoproject_help\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e--help\u003c/b\u003e\n\nOutput usage information.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geoproject_version\" href=\"#geoproject_version\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e-V\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoproject_version\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e--version\u003c/b\u003e\n\nOutput the version number.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geoproject_out\" href=\"#geoproject_out\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e-o\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoproject_out\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e--out\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSpecify the output file name. Defaults to “-” for stdout.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geoproject_precision\" href=\"#geoproject_precision\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e-p\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoproject_precision\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e--precision\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003evalue\u003c/i\u003e\n\nReduce the precision for smaller output files. See also [d3.geoQuantize](#geoQuantize).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geoproject_newline_delimited\" href=\"#geoproject_newline_delimited\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e-n\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoproject_newline_delimited\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e--newline-delimited\u003c/b\u003e\n\nAccept [newline-delimited JSON](http://ndjson.org/) as input, with one feature per line, and generate newline-delimited JSON as output.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geoproject_require\" href=\"#geoproject_require\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e-r\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003e[name=]value\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geoproject_require\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geoproject \u003cb\u003e--require\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003e[name=]value\u003c/i\u003e\n\nRequires the specified *module*, making it available for use in any expressions used by this command. The loaded module is available as the symbol *name*. If *name* is not specified, it defaults to *module*. (If *module* is not a valid identifier, you must specify a *name*.) For example, to reproject the world on the [Airocean projection](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-polygon/blob/main/README.md#geoAirocean):\n\n```bash\ngeoproject --require d3=d3-geo-polygon 'd3.geoAirocean()' world.geojson\n```\n\nThe required *module* is resolved relative to the [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). If the *module* is not found during normal resolution, the [global npm root](https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/root) is also searched, allowing you to require globally-installed modules from the command line.\n\nMultiple modules can be required by repeating this option.\n\n### geoquantize\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geoquantize\" name=\"geoquantize\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003cb\u003egeoquantize\u003c/b\u003e [\u003ci\u003eoptions\u003c/i\u003e…] [\u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e] · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/bin/geoquantize)\n\nReads the GeoJSON object from the specified input *file* and outputs a new GeoJSON *object* with coordinates reduced to *precision*. Same options as [geoproject](#geoproject).\n\n```bash\ngeoquantize us.json --precision 3 \\\n  \u003e us-quantized.json\n```\n\n### geostitch\n\n\u003ca href=\"#geostitch-bin\" name=\"geostitch-bin\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e \u003cb\u003egeostitch\u003c/b\u003e [\u003ci\u003eoptions\u003c/i\u003e…] [\u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e] · [Source](https://github.com/d3/d3-geo-projection/blob/main/bin/geostitch)\n\nStitches the GeoJSON object in the specified input *file*, removing antimeridian and polar cuts, and replacing straight Cartesian line segments with geodesic segments. The input *object* must have coordinates in longitude and latitude in decimal degrees per [RFC 7946](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946). [Antimeridian cutting](https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/3788999), if needed, can then be re-applied after rotating to the desired projection aspect.\n\nSee [geoproject](#geoproject) for an example. See also [d3.geoStitch](#geoStitch).\n\n\u003ca name=\"geostitch_help\" href=\"#geostitch_help\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geostitch \u003cb\u003e-h\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geostitch_help\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geostitch \u003cb\u003e--help\u003c/b\u003e\n\nOutput usage information.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geostitch_version\" href=\"#geostitch_version\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geostitch \u003cb\u003e-V\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geostitch_version\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geostitch \u003cb\u003e--version\u003c/b\u003e\n\nOutput the version number.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geostitch_out\" href=\"#geostitch_out\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geostitch \u003cb\u003e-o\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geostitch_out\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geostitch \u003cb\u003e--out\u003c/b\u003e \u003ci\u003efile\u003c/i\u003e\n\nSpecify the output file name. Defaults to “-” for stdout.\n\n\u003ca name=\"geostitch_newline_delimited\" href=\"#geostitch_newline_delimited\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geostitch \u003cb\u003e-n\u003c/b\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"#geostitch_newline_delimited\"\u003e#\u003c/a\u003e geostitch \u003cb\u003e--newline-delimited\u003c/b\u003e\n\nAccept [newline-delimited JSON](http://ndjson.org/) as input, with one feature per line, and generate newline-delimited JSON as output.\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fd3%2Fd3-geo-projection","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fd3%2Fd3-geo-projection","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fd3%2Fd3-geo-projection/lists"}