{"id":16189012,"url":"https://github.com/fogfish/gurl","last_synced_at":"2026-03-04T16:31:34.160Z","repository":{"id":39617537,"uuid":"219193216","full_name":"fogfish/gurl","owner":"fogfish","description":"ᵍ🆄🆁🅻 is a combinator library for network I/O","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2024-11-11T04:50:12.000Z","size":283,"stargazers_count":7,"open_issues_count":5,"forks_count":0,"subscribers_count":2,"default_branch":"main","last_synced_at":"2025-06-01T14:09:37.449Z","etag":null,"topics":["declarative-programming","declarative-workflows","golang","higher-order-functions","http-client","http-monad","monadic-interface","networking","url"],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"","language":"Go","has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"mit","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/fogfish.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"LICENSE","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null}},"created_at":"2019-11-02T18:01:27.000Z","updated_at":"2025-04-29T21:25:13.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2023-11-07T03:14:07.521Z","dependency_job_id":"aa212c12-414e-4618-bdc8-69cc7469ba10","html_url":"https://github.com/fogfish/gurl","commit_stats":{"total_commits":162,"total_committers":1,"mean_commits":162.0,"dds":0.0,"last_synced_commit":"1081a3f3031c421a3b9dd6abd4872794171fea48"},"previous_names":[],"tags_count":22,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/fogfish/gurl","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/fogfish%2Fgurl","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/fogfish%2Fgurl/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/fogfish%2Fgurl/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/fogfish%2Fgurl/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/fogfish","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/fogfish/gurl/tar.gz/refs/heads/main","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/fogfish%2Fgurl/sbom","scorecard":{"id":405901,"data":{"date":"2025-08-11","repo":{"name":"github.com/fogfish/gurl","commit":"e7da7e9fbda47f942eadd3f488e4682dc41f5a2c"},"scorecard":{"version":"v5.2.1-40-gf6ed084d","commit":"f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389"},"score":3.1,"checks":[{"name":"Code-Review","score":0,"reason":"Found 0/20 approved changesets -- score normalized to 0","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project requires human code review before pull requests (aka merge requests) are merged.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#code-review"}},{"name":"Maintained","score":0,"reason":"0 commit(s) and 0 issue activity found in the last 90 days -- score normalized to 0","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project is \"actively maintained\".","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#maintained"}},{"name":"Packaging","score":-1,"reason":"packaging workflow not detected","details":["Warn: no GitHub/GitLab publishing workflow detected."],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project is published as a package that others can easily download, install, easily update, and uninstall.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#packaging"}},{"name":"Dangerous-Workflow","score":10,"reason":"no dangerous workflow patterns detected","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project's GitHub Action workflows avoid dangerous patterns.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#dangerous-workflow"}},{"name":"Binary-Artifacts","score":10,"reason":"no binaries found in the repo","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has generated executable (binary) artifacts in the source repository.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#binary-artifacts"}},{"name":"Token-Permissions","score":0,"reason":"detected GitHub workflow tokens with excessive permissions","details":["Warn: no topLevel permission defined: .github/workflows/build.yml:1","Warn: no topLevel permission defined: .github/workflows/check.yml:1","Info: no jobLevel write permissions found"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project's workflows follow the principle of least privilege.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#token-permissions"}},{"name":"Pinned-Dependencies","score":0,"reason":"dependency not pinned by hash detected -- score normalized to 0","details":["Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/build.yml:20: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/fogfish/gurl/build.yml/main?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/build.yml:24: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/fogfish/gurl/build.yml/main?enable=pin","Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/build.yml:36: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/fogfish/gurl/build.yml/main?enable=pin","Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/build.yml:58: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/fogfish/gurl/build.yml/main?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/check.yml:20: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/fogfish/gurl/check.yml/main?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/check.yml:24: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/fogfish/gurl/check.yml/main?enable=pin","Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/check.yml:36: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/fogfish/gurl/check.yml/main?enable=pin","Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/check.yml:44: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/fogfish/gurl/check.yml/main?enable=pin","Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/check.yml:53: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/fogfish/gurl/check.yml/main?enable=pin","Info:   0 out of   4 GitHub-owned GitHubAction dependencies pinned","Info:   0 out of   5 third-party GitHubAction dependencies pinned"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has declared and pinned the dependencies of its build process.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#pinned-dependencies"}},{"name":"CII-Best-Practices","score":0,"reason":"no effort to earn an OpenSSF best practices badge detected","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has an OpenSSF (formerly CII) Best Practices Badge.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#cii-best-practices"}},{"name":"Security-Policy","score":0,"reason":"security policy file not detected","details":["Warn: no security policy file detected","Warn: no security file to analyze","Warn: no security file to analyze","Warn: no security file to analyze"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has published a security policy.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#security-policy"}},{"name":"Fuzzing","score":0,"reason":"project is not fuzzed","details":["Warn: no fuzzer integrations found"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project uses fuzzing.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#fuzzing"}},{"name":"License","score":10,"reason":"license file detected","details":["Info: project has a license file: LICENSE:0","Info: FSF or OSI recognized license: MIT License: LICENSE:0"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has defined a license.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#license"}},{"name":"Signed-Releases","score":-1,"reason":"no releases found","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project cryptographically signs release artifacts.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#signed-releases"}},{"name":"Branch-Protection","score":0,"reason":"branch protection not enabled on development/release branches","details":["Warn: branch protection not enabled for branch 'main'"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the default and release branches are protected with GitHub's branch protection settings.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#branch-protection"}},{"name":"SAST","score":0,"reason":"SAST tool is not run on all commits -- score normalized to 0","details":["Warn: 0 commits out of 30 are checked with a SAST tool"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project uses static code analysis.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#sast"}},{"name":"Vulnerabilities","score":6,"reason":"4 existing vulnerabilities detected","details":["Warn: Project is vulnerable to: GO-2024-2687 / GHSA-4v7x-pqxf-cx7m","Warn: Project is vulnerable to: GO-2024-3333","Warn: Project is vulnerable to: GO-2025-3503 / GHSA-qxp5-gwg8-xv66","Warn: Project is vulnerable to: GO-2025-3595 / GHSA-vvgc-356p-c3xw"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has open, known unfixed vulnerabilities.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#vulnerabilities"}}]},"last_synced_at":"2025-08-18T21:15:15.482Z","repository_id":39617537,"created_at":"2025-08-18T21:15:15.482Z","updated_at":"2025-08-18T21:15:15.482Z"},"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":286080680,"owners_count":30086451,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-03-04T15:40:14.053Z","status":"ssl_error","status_checked_at":"2026-03-04T15:40:13.655Z","response_time":59,"last_error":"SSL_read: unexpected eof while reading","robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":false,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":["declarative-programming","declarative-workflows","golang","higher-order-functions","http-client","http-monad","monadic-interface","networking","url"],"created_at":"2024-10-10T07:33:22.063Z","updated_at":"2026-03-04T16:31:34.137Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/fogfish.png","language":"Go","funding_links":[],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\n  \u003ch3 align=\"center\"\u003eᵍ🆄🆁🅻\u003c/h3\u003e\n  \u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCombinator library for network I/O\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n  \u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\n    \u003c!-- Documentation --\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://godoc.org/github.com/fogfish/gurl\"\u003e\n      \u003cimg src=\"https://godoc.org/github.com/fogfish/gurl?status.svg\" /\u003e\n    \u003c/a\u003e\n    \u003c!-- Build Status  --\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/fogfish/gurl/actions/\"\u003e\n      \u003cimg src=\"https://github.com/fogfish/gurl/workflows/test/badge.svg\" /\u003e\n    \u003c/a\u003e\n    \u003c!-- GitHub --\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"http://github.com/fogfish/gurl\"\u003e\n      \u003cimg src=\"https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/fogfish/gurl.svg\" /\u003e\n    \u003c/a\u003e\n    \u003c!-- Coverage --\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"https://coveralls.io/github/fogfish/gurl?branch=master\"\u003e\n      \u003cimg src=\"https://coveralls.io/repos/github/fogfish/gurl/badge.svg?branch=master\" /\u003e\n    \u003c/a\u003e\n    \u003c!-- Go Card --\u003e\n    \u003ca href=\"https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/fogfish/gurl\"\u003e\n      \u003cimg src=\"https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/fogfish/gurl\" /\u003e\n    \u003c/a\u003e\n  \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n---\n\nThe library implements a **pure functional style** to express communication behavior by hiding the networking complexity using combinators. This construction decorates http i/o pipeline(s) with \"programmable commas\", allowing to make http requests with few interesting properties such as composition and laziness.\n\n[User Guide](./doc/user-guide.md) |\n[Playground](https://goplay.tools/snippet/RLxmdLZ49SC) |\n[Examples](./example/) |\n[API Specification](http://godoc.org/github.com/fogfish/gurl)\n\n## Inspiration\n\nMicroservices have become a design style to evolve system architecture in parallel, implement stable and consistent interfaces. An expressive language is required to design the variety of network communication use-cases. Pure functional languages fit very well to express intent of communication behavior. These languages give rich abstractions to hide the networking complexity and help us to compose a chain of network operations and represent them as pure computation, building new things from small reusable elements. This library is implemented after Erlang's [m_http](https://github.com/fogfish/m_http)\n\nThe library attempts to adapt a human-friendly logging syntax of HTTP I/O used by curl and Behavior as a Code paradigm, which connects cause-and-effect (Given/When/Then) with the networking (Input/Process/Output).\n\n```\n\u003e GET / HTTP/1.1\n\u003e Host: example.com\n\u003e User-Agent: curl/7.54.0\n\u003e Accept: application/json\n\u003e\n\u003c HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\u003c Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\n\u003c Server: ECS (phd/FD58)\n\u003c ...\n```\n\nGiven semantic provides an intuitive approach to specify HTTP requests and expected responses. Adoption of this syntax as Go native code provides a rich capabilities for network programming.\n\n\n## Key features\n\nStandard Golang packages implement a low-level HTTP interface, which requires knowledge about the protocol itself, understanding of Golang implementation aspects, and a bit of boilerplate coding. It also misses standardized chaining (composition) of individual requests. ᵍ🆄🆁🅻 inherits an ability of pure functional languages to express communication behavior by hiding the networking complexity using combinators. Combinators make a chain of network operations as a pure computation. \n\n* cause-and-effect abstraction of HTTP I/O using Golang naive do-notation\n* composition of individual HTTP requests to complex networking computations\n* human-friendly, Go native and declarative syntax to depict HTTP operations\n* implements a declarative approach for testing of RESTful interfaces\n* automatically encodes/decodes Golang native HTTP payload using Content-Type hints\n* supports generic transformation to algebraic data types\n\n## Getting started\n\nThe library requires **Go 1.18** or later \n\nThe latest version of the library is available at its `main` branch. All development, including new features and bug fixes, take place on the `main` branch using forking and pull requests as described in contribution guidelines. The stable version is available via Golang modules.\n\nUse `go get` to retrieve the library and add it as dependency to your application.\n\n```bash\ngo get -u github.com/fogfish/gurl\n```\n\n### Quick Example\n\nThe following code snippet demonstrates a typical usage scenario. See runnable [http request example](examples/http-request/main.go).\n\n```go\nimport (\n  \"context\"\n\n  \"github.com/fogfish/gurl/v2/http\"\n  ø \"github.com/fogfish/gurl/v2/http/send\"\n  ƒ \"github.com/fogfish/gurl/v2/http/recv\"\n)\n\n// Declare the type, used for networking I/O.\ntype Payload struct {\n  Origin string `json:\"origin\"`\n  Url    string `json:\"url\"`\n}\n\n// Define the variable holds results of network I/O\nvar data Payload\n\n// Declare HTTP I/O specification\nlazy := http.GET(\n  // specify HTTP request\n  ø.GET.URL(\"http://httpbin.org/get\"),\n  ø.Accept.JSON,\n\n  // assert HTTP response and \"recv\" JSON to the variable\n  ƒ.Status.OK,\n  ƒ.ContentType.JSON,\n  ƒ.Recv(\u0026data),\n)\n\n// instance of HTTP stack\nstack := http.New()\n\n// evaluate HTTP I/O specification\nerr := stack.IO(context.Background(), lazy)\n```\n\n## Next steps\n\n* Study [User Guide](doc/user-guide.md) if defines library concepts and guides about api usage;\n* Use [examples](examples) as a reference for further development.\n\n## Extensions\n\nThe library supplies extensions\n- [x/awsapi](x/awsapi/) enables AWS Signature V4 for HTTP I/O. Allows to use AWS API Gateway with IAM authentication.\n- [x/xhtml](x/xhtml/) enables fetching and parsing xHTML content.\n\n## How To Contribute\n\nThe library is [MIT](LICENSE) licensed and accepts contributions via GitHub pull requests:\n\n1. Fork it\n2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)\n3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Added some feature'`)\n4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)\n5. Create new Pull Request\n\n\nThe build and testing process requires [Go](https://golang.org) version 1.18 or later.\n\n**Build** and **test** the library in your development console.\n\n```bash\ngit clone https://github.com/fogfish/gurl\ncd gurl\ngo test ./...\n```\n\n### commit message\n\nThe commit message helps us to write a good release note, speed-up review process. The message should address two questions what changed and why. The project follows the template defined by chapter [Contributing to a Project](http://git-scm.com/book/ch5-2.html) of Git book.\n\n\u003e\n\u003e Short (50 chars or less) summary of changes\n\u003e\n\u003e More detailed explanatory text, if necessary. Wrap it to about 72 characters or so. In some contexts, the first line is treated as the subject of an email and the rest of the text as the body. The blank line separating the summary from the body is critical (unless you omit the body entirely); tools like rebase can get confused if you run the two together.\n\u003e \n\u003e Further paragraphs come after blank lines.\n\u003e \n\u003e Bullet points are okay, too\n\u003e \n\u003e Typically a hyphen or asterisk is used for the bullet, preceded by a single space, with blank lines in between, but conventions vary here\n\u003e\n\u003e\n\n### bugs\n\nIf you experience any issues with the library, please let us know via [GitHub issues](https://github.com/fogfish/gurl/issue). We appreciate detailed and accurate reports that help us to identity and replicate the issue. \n\n* **Specify** the configuration of your environment. Include which operating system you use and the versions of runtime environments. \n\n* **Attach** logs, screenshots and exceptions, if possible.\n\n* **Reveal** the steps you took to reproduce the problem, include code snippet or links to your project.\n\n\n## License\n\n[![See LICENSE](https://img.shields.io/github/license/fogfish/gurl.svg?style=for-the-badge)](LICENSE)\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Ffogfish%2Fgurl","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Ffogfish%2Fgurl","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Ffogfish%2Fgurl/lists"}