{"id":15113476,"url":"https://github.com/gitgnu/gnu_gcide","last_synced_at":"2026-01-19T14:02:35.691Z","repository":{"id":84520535,"uuid":"90013324","full_name":"gitGNU/gnu_gcide","owner":"gitGNU","description":null,"archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2017-05-02T09:12:51.000Z","size":24255,"stargazers_count":1,"open_issues_count":0,"forks_count":1,"subscribers_count":1,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2025-04-04T01:14:48.997Z","etag":null,"topics":[],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":null,"language":"C","has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"gpl-3.0","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/gitGNU.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"COPYING","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":"authors.lst","dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null}},"created_at":"2017-05-02T09:08:39.000Z","updated_at":"2025-03-02T15:49:27.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":null,"dependency_job_id":"7c5b94f0-74d6-44e6-bbc6-12bcda3e5fd0","html_url":"https://github.com/gitGNU/gnu_gcide","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":[],"tags_count":1,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/gitGNU%2Fgnu_gcide","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/gitGNU%2Fgnu_gcide/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/gitGNU%2Fgnu_gcide/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/gitGNU%2Fgnu_gcide/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/gitGNU","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/gitGNU/gnu_gcide/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":247103307,"owners_count":20884023,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2022-07-04T15:15:14.044Z","host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":[],"created_at":"2024-09-26T01:20:29.704Z","updated_at":"2026-01-19T14:02:35.645Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/gitGNU.png","language":"C","funding_links":[],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"The README file\n\n  To accompany the GNU version of the set of files (CIDE.*) containing \n                the electronic version of the\n       Collaborative International Dictionary of English.\n                   (called also GCIDE)\n       These files contain Version 0.51 (January 2012)\n    * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *\n\n* OVERVIEW\n\nThis document describes the GNU version of the Collaborative International\nDictionary of English.  It is organized into a series of chapters,\nintroduced by headings beginning with a single asterisk.  A chapter may have\nsections, which are marked with two asterisks.  For those readers who use\nEmacs, this structure corresponds to its \"Outline mode\", which will be\nenabled automatically upon loading this file.\n\nThe chapter \"INTRODUCTION\" describes the structure of this package.  The\nchapter \"STRUCTURE OF THE DICTIONARY\" describes the dictionary structure in\ngeneral.  An overview of the markup tags is provided in the chapter \"TAGS\".\nA detailed information about dictionary markup can be obtained from a set of\nancillary files included in this package, which are described in the chapter\n\"ANCILLARY FILES\".\n\nThe chapter \"DICTIONARY LOOKUP\" describes how to use GNU Dico for reading\nthis dictionary.  Finally, other versions of the Webster dictionary are\nlisted in the chapter \"OTHER VERSIONS OF THE DICTIONARY\".\n    \n* INTRODUCTION\n\nThe dictionary was derived from the\n         Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary\n                 Version published 1913\n               by the  C. \u0026 G. Merriam Co.\n                   Springfield, Mass.\n                 Under the direction of\n                Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.\n\nand has been supplemented with some of the definitions from\n           WordNet, a semantic network created by\n              the Cognitive Science Department\n                 of Princeton University\n                  under the direction of\n                   Prof. George Miller\n\nand is being proof-read and supplemented by volunteers from around the\nworld.  This is an unfunded project, and future enhancement of this\ndictionary will depend on the efforts of volunteers willing to help build\nthis free resource into a comprehensive body of general information.  New\ndefinitions for missing words or words senses and longer explanatory notes,\nas well as images to accompany the articles are needed.  More modern\nillustrative quotations giving recent examples of usage of the words in\ntheir various senses will be very helpful, since most quotations in the\noriginal 1913 dictionary are now well over 100 years old.\n\n* LICENSE\n\nGCIDE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the\nterms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software\nFoundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.\n\nGCIDE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY\nWARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS\nFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more\ndetails.\n\nYou should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with\nthis copy of GCIDE; see the file COPYING.  If not, see\n\u003chttp://www.gnu.org/licenses/\u003e.\n\nThis dictionary is maintained by Patrick Cassidy and Sergey Poznyakoff.\n\nPlease send bug reports and suggestions to \u003cgcide@gnu.org\u003e.\n\n* STRUCTURE OF THE DICTIONARY\n\nWhen the archive is unpacked, the main dictionary text of the GCIDE will be\nfound in 26 files named \"CIDE.*\", where the asterisk indicates which letter\nof the alphabet begins the words in each file.  For example, file \"CIDE.B\"\ncontains words beginning with the letter \"B\".  Additional information about\nthe tagging conventions and special character symbols are contained in\nancillary files in this directory (see below the section entitled \"ANCILLARY\nFILES\").  The main body of the 1913 dictionary was essentially identical to\nthe edition published in 1890, and was republished in 1913 with an appendix\ncontaining \"New Words\".  The new words of that appendix have been integrated\ninto the main file in this version.  However, it is important to keep in\nmind that the definitions in this dictionary are in most cases over 100\nyears old.  Use them with caution!\n\nAt the bottom of each paragraph in this dictionary, there is a bracketed and\ntagged \"source\" indicated.  This tells from where the definition or other\ntext in that paragraph came, as follows:\n\n[\u003csource\u003e1913 Webster\u003c/source\u003e]\n  =  From the original 1890 dictionary.\n[\u003csource\u003eWebster 1913 Suppl.\u003c/source\u003e]\n  =  From the 1913 \"New Words\" supplement to the Webster.\n[\u003csource\u003eWordNet 1.5\u003c/source\u003e]\n  =  From the WordNet on-line semantic network.\n[\u003csource\u003eCentury Dict. 1906.\u003c/source\u003e]\n  =  From the Century Dictionary published in 1906, especially from\n          the \"proper Names\" supplement (volume IX).\n                                     published\n[\u003csource\u003eXXX\u003c/source\u003e]\n   = Added by one of the volunteers.\n\nThe original definitions have been tagged and in some cases reformatted or\nslightly rearranged.  If substantive information is added from a second\nsource, usually the additional source is also noted, as in:\n\n[\u003csource\u003eWebster 1913 Suppl.\u003c/source\u003e + \u003csource\u003eWordNet 1.5\u003c/source\u003e]\n\nThis version is tagged with SGML-like tags of the form \u003cpos\u003e...\u003c/pos\u003e so\nthat the original typography (italics, bold, block quotes) can be\nreproduced.  A list of the most important tags for fields in the dictionary\nis given below.  The tags also serve the more important function of allowing\nthe information content to be conveniently imported into computer programs\nor databases.  The set of tags used is described in the accompanying file\n\"tagset.txt\".  ***NOTE*** the paragraph tags \u003cp\u003e...\u003c/p\u003e do *not* always nest\nproperly with certain other tags, such as \u003cnote\u003e and \u003ccs\u003e (\"collocation\nsection\"), which in some cases span multiple paragraphs.  If you are using a\ntag parser which detects improper nesting, you should first either delete\nthe paragraph tags or convert them to non-tag symbols, or, if possible, set\nthe parser to ignore the \u003cp\u003e...\u003c/p\u003e tags.\n\nThe unusual characters (such as Greek or the European accented characters,\nas well as special characters used in the pronunciations) are described in\nthe accompanying file \"webfont.txt\".  Some information on the pronunciation\nsystem used may be found by viewing the file \"pronunc.jpg\", and additional\nexplanations of pronunciation are in the file \"pronunc.txt\".\n\nEach paragraph of the original text is enclosed within tags of the form \u003cp\u003e\n. . . \u003c/p\u003e.  Within these paragraphs there are no line breaks, and some of\nthe paragraphs are over 12,000 characters long, which may prove too long to\nbe handled by some editors.  At some points, embedded line breaks within a\n\"paragraph\" are marked by a \u003cbr/ \"entity\".  The file can therefore be\nconverted, if necessary, to a form with shorter lines, and subsequently\nreconverted back to the form having one line per paragraph.\n\nIf additional line breaks are added, then in order to remove the line breaks\nand reconstruct the original paragraphs, so that the page width can be\nadjusted, perform the following manipulations:\n\n  (1) convert each line break to a space.\n  (2) convert the string \"\u003c/p\u003e  \" (\u003c/p\u003e followed by two spaces)\n     to \u003c/p\u003e followed by two line breaks.\n  (3) convert the string \"\u003cbr/ \" (\u003cbr/ followed by one space)\n     to \u003cbr/ followed by one line break.\n     \nA more sophisticated formatting of spaces within paragraphs may require the\nuse of the fully-tagged master files.  If you have a need for these files,\ncontact Patrick Cassidy: cassidy@micra.com.\n\nThe approximate beginning of each page is marked by an SGML comment of the\nform \u003c-- p. 345 --\u003e.  (The exact beginning was in some cases in the middle\nof a paragraph, which we decided was not a good location for these\npage-number comments, so the page number was usually moved to the next\nparagraph break).  Pages which have been proofread by volunteers (e.g., with\ninitials VOL) will have a note within that page comment: \u003c-- p. 345 pr=VOL\n--\u003e.  Pages which have not been proofread yet (most of them) will have\nvarying numbers of typographical errors in them.  We still (January 2012)\nneed proofreaders to get the errors out of these dictionary files.\n\n** Warning\n\nThis version is only a first typing, and has numerous typographic errors,\nincluding errors in the field-marks.  In addition, the user must keep in\nmind that this text is very old and will contain numerous obsolete,\ninaccurate, and perhaps offensive statements, which are included solely\nbecause this work is intended to reproduce accurately this historically\ninteresting classic reference work.  This text should not be relied upon as\nan accurate source of information, as in many cases it represents the state\nof knowledge around 1890.  The text is provided \"as is\", and the user must\naccept responsibility for all consequences of its use. Please refer to the\nheader of each file and the GNU public license.  If these conditions of use\nare unacceptable, please do not use these texts.\n\nThis electronic dictionary is also made available as a potential starting\npoint for development of a modern comprehensive encyclopedic dictionary, to\nbe accessible freely on the internet, and developed by the efforts of all\nindividuals willing to help build a large and freely available knowledge\nbase.  A large number of collaborators are needed to bring this dictionary\nto a more accurate, more modern, and more useful state. Anyone willing to\nassist in any way in constructing such a knowledge base should contact\nits maintainers at \u003cgcide@gnu.org\u003e.\n\n* TAGS\n\nMost important tags used in the GCIDE:\n\n\u003chw\u003e tags the headword\n\u003cpr\u003e          pronunciation\n\u003cpos\u003e         part of speech\n\u003cety\u003e         etymology\n\u003cets\u003e         \"source\" word within an \u003cety\u003e field, usually foreign words\n\u003cfld\u003e         field of knowledge (e.g. Med. = medicine)\n\u003cdef\u003e         definition\n\u003ccs\u003e          collocation section  (containing word combinations)\n\u003ccol\u003e         collocation entry (word combination)\n\u003ccd\u003e          collocation definition\n\u003cas\u003e          illustrations of usage (within a \u003cdef\u003e. . . \u003c/def\u003e field)\n\u003cau\u003e          authority for a definition, or author of a quotation\n\u003cq\u003e           illustrative quotation -- in block quote format\n\u003cau\u003e          author of an illustrative \u003cq\u003e quotation\n\u003caltname\u003e     alternative name for the headword -- essentially a synonym\n\u003casp\u003e         alternative spelling of the headword\n\u003csyn\u003e         list of synonyms for the headword\n\u003cp\u003e           paragraph\n\u003cb\u003e           bold type\n\u003cit\u003e          italic type\n\nFor other tags, see the file \"tagset.txt\"\n\n* ANCILLARY FILES\n\nIn addition to the main text of the dictionary, additional explanatory\nmaterial about this version of the dictionary is available in the ancillary\nfiles:\n\n** COPYING\n\nThe license terms for distributing and modifying this dictionary.\n\n** INFO\n\nShort information about the dictionary.  It is used by GNU Dico dictionary\nserver.  The first line of this file provides a short database description.\nThe entire file is sent as the response to SHOW INFO command.\n\n** abbrevn.lst\n\nList of the abbreviations used in the dictionary.\n\n** authors.lst\n\nList of authors whose works are quoted in the dictionary.\n\n** pronunc.txt\n\nDescription of the special markup used in this dictionary to represent\npronunciations.\n\n** pronunc.jpg\n\nA copy of the dictionary page describing the pronunciation symbols used in\nthe original work.\n\n** symbols.jpg\n\nThis file lists original pronunciation symbols with the corresponding markup\nentities used in this version.\n\n** tagset.txt\n\nDescription of the markup tags.\n\n** titlepage.png\n\nA copy of the original title page.\n\n** webfont.txt\n\nDescription of the special escape sequences used in this dictionary.  This\nfile also explains the Greek transliteration syntax used in it.\n\n* DICTIONARY LOOKUP\n\nThe dictionary home page \u003chttp://gcide.gnu.org.ua\u003e provides an on-line\nlookup facility.\n\nThe GNU Dico project contains a browser for GCIDE, called \"gcider\".  It\nprovides a windowing interface allowing user to search for matching\nheadwords using several match strategies and browse their definitions.\nSee \u003chttp://dico.gnu.org.ua/gcider.html\u003e.\n\nThe package also provides a loadable module which allows to use GCIDE with\nthe dictionary server.\n\nSee \u003chttp://www.gnu.org.ua/software/dico\u003e for more information, including\nlinks to download and documentation.\n\n* OTHER VERSIONS OF THE DICTIONARY\n\nThere are several other derivative versions of this dictionary on the\ninternet, in some cases reformatted or provided with an interface.  Those\nthat I am aware of are:\n\n** Dicoweb \n\nThis version of GCIDE is available online at the GNU Dico web site:\n\n  http://dicoweb.gnu.org.ua/?db=gcide\n\nThe site provides extensive search facilities.  \n\n** Project Gutenberg\n\nIn the extext96 directory of Project Gutenberg\n(http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext96), there is a version of the original\n1913 dictionary, which is in the **public domain**.  The main files are\nlabeled pgw050*.*.  The tags for that version are a subset of those used in\nthis GNU version.\n\n** The DICT development group\n\nThis group has created a program to index and search this dictionary.  The\nprogram can be downloaded and used locally, but at present is available only\nin a Unix-compatible executable version.  See their web site at\nhttp://www.dict.org.\n\n** The University of Chicago ARTFL project\n\nMark Olsen and Gavin LaRowe at the University of Chicago have converted the\noriginal 1913 dictionary to HTML and have provided an interface allowing\nsearch of the headwords.  When the supplemented version has developed\nsufficiently to warrant the effort, a similar searchable version may be\nposted there as well.  The search page is at:\n\n  http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/webster.form.html\n\nThat page will provide links to other ARTFL projects and contact information\nfor the ARTFL group, who alone can provide information about the HTML\nversion or interface.\n\n\n\f\nLocal Variables:\nmode: outline\nparagraph-separate: \"[ \t\f]*$\"\nversion-control: never\nfill-column: 76\nEnd:\n\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fgitgnu%2Fgnu_gcide","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fgitgnu%2Fgnu_gcide","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fgitgnu%2Fgnu_gcide/lists"}