{"id":17048538,"url":"https://github.com/hollasch/ray4","last_synced_at":"2025-10-10T21:32:12.678Z","repository":{"id":43932664,"uuid":"10391710","full_name":"hollasch/ray4","owner":"hollasch","description":"Ray4 is a 4D raytracer original developed for my 1991 master's thesis in computer science","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2025-05-12T21:50:14.000Z","size":14102,"stargazers_count":60,"open_issues_count":5,"forks_count":3,"subscribers_count":7,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2025-05-12T22:34:16.230Z","etag":null,"topics":["3d","4d","four-dimensional","hyperspace","raytracer","raytracing","thesis"],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"http://hollasch.github.io/ray4","language":"C","has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"mit","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/hollasch.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"LICENSE.txt","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null}},"created_at":"2013-05-30T20:53:13.000Z","updated_at":"2025-05-12T21:50:17.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2022-08-29T10:11:23.582Z","dependency_job_id":"e2c632cc-0354-45ab-b4db-6437c447b383","html_url":"https://github.com/hollasch/ray4","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":[],"tags_count":0,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/hollasch/ray4","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/hollasch%2Fray4","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/hollasch%2Fray4/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/hollasch%2Fray4/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/hollasch%2Fray4/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/hollasch","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/hollasch/ray4/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/hollasch%2Fray4/sbom","scorecard":null,"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":279005413,"owners_count":26083883,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2022-07-04T15:15:14.044Z","status":"online","status_checked_at":"2025-10-10T02:00:06.843Z","response_time":62,"last_error":null,"robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":true,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":["3d","4d","four-dimensional","hyperspace","raytracer","raytracing","thesis"],"created_at":"2024-10-14T09:52:16.792Z","updated_at":"2025-10-10T21:32:12.673Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/hollasch.png","language":"C","funding_links":[],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"Four-Space Visualization of 4D Objects\n====================================================================================================\n\n![4D Hypercube](images/fig48-small.jpg)\n![4D Octahedron](images/fig411-small.jpg)\n![Hypersphere Slices](images/fig54a-small.jpg)\n![Hyperspheres](images/fig54b-small.jpg)\n\nThis repository contains my 1991 thesis (converted to HTML from the original nroff sources), as well\nas the original code for my 4D wireframe viewer and my 4D raytracer.\n\nThe thesis is now a single all-inclusive HTML file:\n[_Four-Space Visualization of 4D Objects_][thesis].\n\nSee the [`thesis/`][] directory for my thesis source files and associated material.\n\n\nWire4\n------\n[`wire4`][] is my 4D wireframe viewer. It was written to run on an SGI Iris workstation. It\nreads in arbitrary 4D wireframes from a simple text file and displays them interactively. The code\nhas not been maintained, though, and will not run on most modern computers.\n\n\nRay4\n-----\n[`ray4`][] is the updated 4D raytracer, converted to C++. All new features will be created here.\n\n\nRay4-c\n-------\n[`ray4-c`][] is the original 4D raytracer, written in standard C. It can read from standard input\nand writes to standard output, so should be able to run on most computers. The output is a 3D RGB\nimage that can be displayed with a variety of methods. See [`ray4/craig/`][craig] for some\ntools.\n\n\nImage4\n-------\nThe [`image4`][] tool is a utility to query and display the 3D image cube generated by `ray4`. It's\nan entirely new tool in development. The plan is to have this tool generate PPM images from the 3D\nimage cube.\n\n\nGitHub Notes\n-------------\nYou can send any questions to me at [steve@hollasch.net](mailto:steve@hollasch.net). Also, now that\nGitHub has a discussions feature, feel free to start a conversation in\n[the discussions section][discussions].\n\n\nOther 4D Work\n-------------\nI'm contacted from time to time by others who have referenced my thesis or are embarking on 4D\nvisualization work of their own. Here are links to other work I've seen.\n\n- [4D Snake](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IUnqm8j4BE)\n- [4+ Dimensional Solid Wireframes](http://utopian-aunt.surge.sh/)\n\n\n\n[`image4`]:    ray4/image4.md\n[`ray4-c`]:    ray4/ray4-c/README.md\n[`ray4`]:      ray4/README.md\n[`thesis/`]:   thesis/README.md\n[`wire4`]:     wire4/README.md\n[craig]:       ray4/craig/README.md\n[discussions]: https://github.com/hollasch/ray4/discussions/\n[thesis]:      https://hollasch.github.io/ray4/Four-Space_Visualization_of_4D_Objects.html\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fhollasch%2Fray4","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fhollasch%2Fray4","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fhollasch%2Fray4/lists"}