{"id":25843062,"url":"https://github.com/incatools/owl_patternizer","last_synced_at":"2026-01-27T20:32:02.974Z","repository":{"id":66914576,"uuid":"147129542","full_name":"INCATools/owl_patternizer","owner":"INCATools","description":"generate DOSDP patterns from OWL ontologies","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2022-02-28T17:49:33.000Z","size":2766,"stargazers_count":2,"open_issues_count":0,"forks_count":2,"subscribers_count":4,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2025-06-02T14:18:08.115Z","etag":null,"topics":[],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":null,"language":"Prolog","has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"bsd-3-clause","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/INCATools.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"LICENSE","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null}},"created_at":"2018-09-02T23:32:30.000Z","updated_at":"2021-12-14T01:55:31.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2023-06-07T07:30:43.548Z","dependency_job_id":null,"html_url":"https://github.com/INCATools/owl_patternizer","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":[],"tags_count":0,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/INCATools/owl_patternizer","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/INCATools%2Fowl_patternizer","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/INCATools%2Fowl_patternizer/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/INCATools%2Fowl_patternizer/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/INCATools%2Fowl_patternizer/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/INCATools","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/INCATools/owl_patternizer/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/INCATools%2Fowl_patternizer/sbom","scorecard":null,"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":286080680,"owners_count":28821739,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-01-27T18:44:20.126Z","status":"ssl_error","status_checked_at":"2026-01-27T18:44:09.161Z","response_time":168,"last_error":"SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 peeraddr=140.82.121.6:443 state=error: unexpected eof while reading","robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":false,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":[],"created_at":"2025-03-01T06:37:51.704Z","updated_at":"2026-01-27T20:32:02.969Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/INCATools.png","language":"Prolog","funding_links":[],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"# owl patternizer\n\nAutomatically extract common patterns from an OWL Ontology\n\n## Background\n\nCreating large ontologies or terminologies is a resource-intensive task, with the possibility to introduce human error. Use of description logic languages such as OWL-DL accompanied by reasoning can automate some parts of ontology construction and validation, but adding the appropriate OWL axioms can itself be a time consuming process requiring expert ontologists.\n\nthe OWL patternizer looks for stereotypical patterns in ontologies and vocabularies (both logical and lexical), and generalizes these to [DOSDPs](https://github.com/INCATools/dead_simple_owl_design_patterns/commits)\n\nFor example, if an ontology has lots of terms like:\n\n * abnormal limb morphology\n * abnormal head morphology\n * abnormal epiphysis morphology\n * increased limb size\n * decreased limb size\n * increased head size\n * decreased head size\n\nWith logical definitions, then it will detect the OWL patterns for these. If there are no logical definitions present, it will do a best effort at inducing logical definitions from lexical patterns.\n\nThe approach is intended to be knowledge-free. Minimal underlying assumptions about the ontology. As such, the generated yaml will be more generic than hand-crafted. The intent is that it is used to bootstrap and analyze an ontology.\n\nAdditionally, if your starting point is a thesaurus-like ontology (no logical defs), there is a step for generating candidates.\n\n## Example\n\nGiven as input PATO, an ontology which contains implicit patterns of the form `{increased, descreased} X`, DPs such as the following are generated:\n\n```\npattern_name: X increased_in_magnitude_relative_to normal\npattern_iri: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/pato/X_increased_in_magnitude_relative_to_normal\n\ndescription: \u003e-\n  This is auto-generated. Add your description here\n\n  Examples: [increased quality](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002300), [increased speed](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000303), [increased age](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001764) (105 total)\n\nclasses: \n  quality: \"PATO:0000001\"\n  normal: \"PATO:0000461\"\n\nrelations: \n  increased_in_magnitude_relative_to: \"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/pato#increased_in_magnitude_relative_to\"\n\nvars:\n  v0: \"'quality'\"\n\nname:\n  # Induced, frequency=0.5619047619047619, p=http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label \n  text: \"increased %s\"\n  vars:\n    - v0\n\ndef:\n  # Induced, frequency=0.24761904761904763, p=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000115 \n  text: \"A %s which is relatively high.\"\n  vars:\n    - v0\n\nannotationProperties:\n  exact_synonym: \"oio:hasExactSynonym\"\n  related_synonym: \"oio:hasRelatedSynonym\"\n\nannotations:\n  - annotationProperty: exact_synonym\n    # Induced p=exact_synonym \n    text: high %s\n    vars:\n      - v0\n\nequivalentTo:\n  text: \"%s and ('increased_in_magnitude_relative_to' some 'normal')\"\n  vars:\n    - v0\n```\n\nThe patterns are annotated with comments indicating provenance and confidence. \n\nCurrently this only looks for equivalence axioms between a named class\nand a class expression (aka logical definitions), where the class\nexpression uses the following constructs (arbitrarily nested):\n\n - some\n - only\n - and\n - or\n - named classes\n - named object properties\n\n\n\n## Installation\n\nThere are two ways to do this\n\n 1. via Docker\n 2. direct via swipl\n\nFor 1, no additional installation required. TODO: document this\n\nFor 2, you will need to install [sparqlprog](http://www.swi-prolog.org/pack/list?p=sparqlprog)\n\n## Command Line Usage\n\nTODO\n\n## Examples\n\nFor purely auto-generated examples, see:\n\n * [examples/](https://github.com/INCATools/owl_patternizer/tree/master/examples)\n\n(may be moved to other repo)\n\n## TODO\n\n * range validation gets thrown off if there are dangling classes\n\n## Draft paper\n\n * [google doc](https://docs.google.com/document/d/177cASJWn8QnxCSu05cw3HoJiweBGJgPmpHeua3ORKh0/edit#)\n\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fincatools%2Fowl_patternizer","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fincatools%2Fowl_patternizer","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fincatools%2Fowl_patternizer/lists"}