{"id":18345887,"url":"https://github.com/inputsh/alan-turing","last_synced_at":"2026-01-21T07:35:21.093Z","repository":{"id":27851855,"uuid":"31342270","full_name":"inputsh/alan-turing","owner":"inputsh","description":"The collection of links and papers where you can learn more about Alan Turing.","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2015-02-26T02:00:01.000Z","size":144,"stargazers_count":17,"open_issues_count":0,"forks_count":1,"subscribers_count":2,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2025-04-09T22:45:19.916Z","etag":null,"topics":[],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":null,"language":null,"has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"unlicense","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/inputsh.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"LICENSE","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null}},"created_at":"2015-02-26T00:00:31.000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-02T09:31:29.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2022-09-03T15:02:19.534Z","dependency_job_id":null,"html_url":"https://github.com/inputsh/alan-turing","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":[],"tags_count":0,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/inputsh/alan-turing","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/inputsh%2Falan-turing","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/inputsh%2Falan-turing/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/inputsh%2Falan-turing/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/inputsh%2Falan-turing/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/inputsh","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/inputsh/alan-turing/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/inputsh%2Falan-turing/sbom","scorecard":null,"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":286080680,"owners_count":28629915,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-01-21T04:47:28.174Z","status":"ssl_error","status_checked_at":"2026-01-21T04:47:22.943Z","response_time":86,"last_error":"SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 peeraddr=140.82.121.5:443 state=error: unexpected eof while reading","robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":false,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":[],"created_at":"2024-11-05T21:09:49.942Z","updated_at":"2026-01-21T07:35:21.071Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/inputsh.png","language":null,"funding_links":[],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"# Alan Turing (1912-1954)\n\nThis is the collection of links and papers where you can learn more about Alan Turing, his life and his contributions to today's technology.\n\n![image](http://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/article9023177.ece/alternates/w620/turing-rx.jpg)\n\n[Alan Mathison Turing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing) (23 June 1912 - 7 June 1954) was one of the pioneers in today's technology. He had some key contributions in breaking the [Enigma machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine) during the World War II, which had a huge impact on the result of World War II. He also [pioneered the work in Artificial Intelligence](http://m.bbc.com/news/technology-18475646) (even before the term Artificial Intelligence was established), where he was the first one to discuss the ways of replicating human brain inside of a machine. His papers remain relevant today in this field, 60 years after they were published. [Turing test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_test) (a test which is used to determine is a machine intelligence really indistinguishable from human intelligence) was named after him.\n\nHe was sentenced to hormonal therapy because he was convicted as a homosexual (something that was illegal back then in the UK). He died two years later. Even though it was believed that he had committed suicide, Jack Copeland (the author of a book I will mention later) [is not so sure](http://m.bbc.com/news/science-environment-18561092).\n\nBritish Prime Minister Gordon Brown made an [official public apology](http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/gordon-brown/6170112/Gordon-Brown-Im-proud-to-say-sorry-to-a-real-war-hero.html) to Alan Turing on behalf of the British government in 2009. Queen Elizabeth granted him a [posthumous pardon](http://cryptome.org/2013/12/turing-pardon.pdf) in 2013.\n\n## Papers by Alan Turing\n\nThe list of papers published by Alan Turing during his life. This list is arranged in the chronological order.\n\n* [Equivalence of left and right almost periodicity](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/10) (1935)\n* [Computability and λ-Definability](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/11) (1937)\n* [On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/12) (1937)\n* [Finite approximations to lie groups](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/13) (1938)\n* [The extensions of a group](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/14) (1938)\n* [Systems of logic based on ordinals](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/15) (1939)\n* [The use of dots as brackets in Church's system](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/16) (1942)\n* [Lecture to L.M.S. Feb. 20 1947](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/1) (1947)\n* [Rounding-off errors in matrix processes](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/18) (1948)\n* [A practical form of type theory I](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/3) (1948)\n* [Checking a large routine](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/8) (1949)\n* [Computing machinery and intelligence](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/9) (1950)\n* [Programmers' handbook for Manchester electronic computer. Mark II](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/32) (1951)\n* [Intelligent machinery, a heretical theory](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/4) (1951)\n* [Can digital computers think?](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/5) (1951)\n* [Can automatic calculating machines be said to think?](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/6) (1952)\n* [The chemical basis of morphogenesis](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/22) (1952)\n* [Digital computers applied to games](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/7) (1953)\n* [Some calculations of the Riemann zeta-function](http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/21) (1953)\n\n## Biography\n\nA short [biography of Alan Turing](http://www.turing.org.uk/bio/index.html) is written by Andrew Hodges.\n\n## Books\n\nAbout Alan Turing:\n\n* [Alan Turing: The Enigma](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/150731.Alan_Turing) by Andrew Hodges. Originally published in 1983. The latest edition is from 2014. This book inspired the movie The Imitation Game (2014).\n* [Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age (2014)](https://global.oup.com/academic/product/turing-9780198719182) by Jack Copeland\n\nMultiple Mentions of Alan Turing:\n\n* [Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/) by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig\n* [2030 - WIll Computers Become Human?](http://www.amazon.com/2030-Computers-Become-Human-Series-ebook/dp/B00R0FQOZS) by Peter Bornstein\n\n## Movies\n\nThe movie [The Imitation Game (2014)](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2084970/) tried to show Turing's contributions during the World War II. It received an  Oscar award for the Best Writing Adapted Screenplay in the [87th Academy Awards](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/87th_Academy_Awards). The movie has some controversy attached to his historical accuracy, as described [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Imitation_Game#Controversy) and [here](http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2014/dec/19/poor-imitation-alan-turing/).\n\n## Is Turing Test Passed?\n\nNo.\n\nEven though large news sources claim that the Turing test was passed for the first time by [Eugene Goostman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Goostman) (a chatbot made specifically to pass the Turing test), the replication of the test is considered far from the real Turing test. More on this controversy can be found [here](https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140609/07284327524/no-supercomputer-did-not-pass-turing-test-first-time-everyone-should-know-better.shtml).\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Finputsh%2Falan-turing","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Finputsh%2Falan-turing","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Finputsh%2Falan-turing/lists"}