{"id":16886875,"url":"https://github.com/jlevy/macos-shortcuts","last_synced_at":"2025-03-20T12:39:13.471Z","repository":{"id":65976646,"uuid":"52620854","full_name":"jlevy/macos-shortcuts","owner":"jlevy","description":"⌘⇧⌥⌃ε=ε=ε=ε=ε=ε=┌(|•͡˘‿•͡˘)┘","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2020-05-26T02:24:57.000Z","size":41,"stargazers_count":132,"open_issues_count":4,"forks_count":17,"subscribers_count":5,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2025-01-25T12:42:17.729Z","etag":null,"topics":[],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"","language":null,"has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":null,"status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/jlevy.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":"CONTRIBUTING.md","funding":null,"license":null,"code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null}},"created_at":"2016-02-26T17:26:00.000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-23T23:33:49.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2023-02-19T19:01:23.911Z","dependency_job_id":null,"html_url":"https://github.com/jlevy/macos-shortcuts","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":[],"tags_count":0,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/jlevy%2Fmacos-shortcuts","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/jlevy%2Fmacos-shortcuts/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/jlevy%2Fmacos-shortcuts/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/jlevy%2Fmacos-shortcuts/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/jlevy","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/jlevy/macos-shortcuts/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":244612196,"owners_count":20481340,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2022-07-04T15:15:14.044Z","host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":[],"created_at":"2024-10-13T16:41:48.179Z","updated_at":"2025-03-20T12:39:13.433Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/jlevy.png","language":null,"funding_links":[],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"# MacOS Shortcuts\n\n**The Ultimate List** **⌘⇧⌥⌃ε=ε=ε=ε=ε=ε=┌(|•͡˘‿•͡˘)┘.**\n\nDid you know that **⇧⌥-** (Shift-Option-dash) makes an em dash (—)?\nOr that pressing **⌘⇧⌥V** (Command-Shift-Option-V) pastes text without its formatting?\nWell, most people don’t!\n\nLists of MacOS keyboard shortcuts exist in the [usual places](https://support.apple.com/kb/HT201236), but they are mostly both incomplete and a slog to read through.\nThis is a big list. But read only the first part of this page for the most useful ones!\n\nNotes: We cover shortcuts that work in many apps or in Finder, but not shortcuts for individual apps.\nNote these are the **default settings**.\nGlobal shortcuts [can be reassigned](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH18415) and if assigned in conflicting ways [may stop working](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH18424).\nIf you see any ways this guide can be improved, **[please contribute](CONTRIBUTING.md)**!\n\n\nContents:  \n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;[The Keys](#the-keys)  \n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;[Input Methods and Special Characters](#input-methods-and-special-characters)  \n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;[Common Shortcuts](#common-shortcuts)  \n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;[Useful But Less Common](#useful-but-less-common)  \n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;[Finder](#finder)  \n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;[More Shortcuts](#more-shortcuts)  \n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;[Further Reading](#further-reading)  \n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;[License](#license)\n\n## The Keys\n\nMac hardware conventionally uses several **modifier keys**, which\n[can be reassigned](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH18422) to different physical keys if desired, and a couple other special keys:\n\n**⌘** Command (Windows logo on PC keyboards)  \n**⇧** Shift  \n**⌥** Option (Alt on PC keyboards)  \n**⌃** Control  \n**⇪** Caps Lock  \n**Fn** Function  \n\n**⌫** Delete  \n**⌽** Power\n\n## Input Methods and Special Characters\n\nYou can write common Unicode symbols, punctuation, and accented letters with shortcuts.\nThe [keyboard viewer](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH21565) will allow you to discover them, or fall back to the [character viewer](https://support.apple.com/kb/HT201586).\n\n### Input\n\n- Use **⌘⌃Space** for the **[emoji and special character pop-up](http://www.engadget.com/2013/12/13/this-is-the-most-important-mavericks-keyboard-shortcut-youll-di/)**. This is the quickest way for most to find special characters.\n- You can switch to different **language keyboards** by adding new [input source](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH21564).\nOnce multiple inputs are enabled, use the menu to select or **^⌥Space**.\n- Pressing **Fn** **Fn** will start voice dictation if you [enable this feature](https://support.apple.com/kb/HT202584).\n- Enable the “Unicode Hex Input” keyboard to [enter Unicode inputs by hex code](https://gigaom.com/2011/04/26/quick-tip-type-unicode-characters-quickly/).\n\n### Punctuation\n\n\n**[Em dash](http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/em-dash.html)** (—) is **⇧⌥-**  \n**[En dash](http://www.thepunctuationguide.com/en-dash.html)** (–) is **⌥-**  \n**[Ellipsis](https://www.thepunctuationguide.com/ellipses.html)** (…) is **⌥;**\n\n\n**Open and close quotes**: \u0026nbsp; **⌥[** “ \u0026nbsp; **⇧⌥[** ” \u0026nbsp; **⌥]** ‘ \u0026nbsp; **⇧⌥]** ’ \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥\\\\** « \u0026nbsp; **⇧⌥\\\\** »  \n(These are not the same as the ASCII characters \" and '. If you’re confused, read more about [typographical conventions](http://practicaltypography.com/straight-and-curly-quotes.html).)\n\nSome other special character shortcuts:  \n**⌥G** © \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥R** ® \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥2** ™ \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥7** ¶ \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥8** • \u0026nbsp;\n**⇧⌥8** ° \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥6** § \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥T** †  \n**⌥4** ¢ \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥3** £ \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥Y ¥** \u0026nbsp;\n**⇧⌥2** € \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥F** ƒ \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥1** ¡ \u0026nbsp;\n**⇧⌥?** ¿ \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥0** º \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥9** ª  \n**⌥a** å \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥C** ç \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥o** ø \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥'** æ \u0026nbsp;\n**⌥q** œ (with **⇧** for capitals)  \n**⌥S** ß\n\nThe list above is not exhaustive, but you can learn additional ones via the **[keyboard viewer](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH21565)** or these lists of [regular](http://symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/accents/codemac.html) and [extended](http://symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/accents/codemacext.html) shortcuts.\n\n### Accents\n\nYou can **type accents by [holding down keys](https://support.apple.com/kb/HT201586)**, unless you [disable that feature](http://lifehacker.com/5826055/make-your-keyboard-keys-repeat-properly-when-held-down-in-mac-os-x-lion).\nYou can also type accents by pressing one of these modifier keys before a suitable letter (for example, **⌥I o** yields the letter *ô*):\n\n**⌥E** Acute ´ \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n**⌥I** Circumflex ˆ \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n**⌥\\`** Grave \\` \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n**⌥N** Tilde ˜ \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n**⌥U** Umlaut ¨\n\n## Common Shortcuts\n\n### Searching\n\n**⌘F** *Find*: Open a Find window, or find items in a document.  \n**⌘G** *Find Again*: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found. **⌘⇧G** for previous.\n**⌘E** *Find Selection*: Search for the selected text. Then use **⌘G** and **⌘⇧G** for navigation.\n\n**⌘Space** *Spotlight*: Show or hide the Spotlight search field.  \n**⌥Space** Show Finder search window.\n\n### Copy/Paste\n\n**⌘A** *Select All* items.  \n**⌘X** *Cut*: Remove the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard.  \n**⌘C** *Copy* the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder.  \n**⌘V** *Paste* the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder.  \n**⌘⇧⌥V** *Paste and Match Style*: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.  \n**⌘⌥C** *Copy Style*: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.  \n**⌘⌥V** *Paste Style*: Apply the copied style to the selected item.\n\n### Undo\n\n**⌘Z** *Undo* the previous command.  \n**⌘⇧Z** *Redo*, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands.  \n\n### Window Operations\n\n**⌘Tab** *Switch apps*: Switch to the next most recently used app among your open apps. Press **`** (the key above Tab) while keeping the **⌘** held down to reverse directions (or use **⌘⇧Tab**).  \n**⌘`** *Switch windows*: Switch to the next most recently used window of the front app. **⌘⇧`** for reverse direction.\n\n**⌘H** *Hide* the windows of the front app. To view the front app but hide all other apps, press **⌘⌥H**.  \n**⌘M** *Minimize* the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, press **⌘⌥M**.  \n**⌘W** *Close* the front window. To close all windows of the app, press ⌘⌥W.  \n\n### Application Operations\n\n**⌘N** *New*: Open an new document or window.  \n**⌘O** *Open* the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open.  \n**⌘S** *Save* the current document.  \n**⌘P** *Print* the current document.  \n\n**⌘Q** *Quit* the app.  \n**⌘⌥Esc** *Force Quit*: Choose an app to force quit.  \n**⌘⇧⌥Esc** (hold for 3 seconds) Force Quit just the front app.  \n\n**⌘,** (comma) *Preferences*: Open preferences for the front app.  \n\n### Menu Operations\n\nIf desired, you can use keyboard for menu gestures typically performed with mouse/trackpad.\n\n**⌃F1** Toggle “keyboard access” which sets whether the next few features work.  \n**⌃F2** Change focus to menu bar. Follow with typing name of a menu item and arrow keys.  \n**⌃F3** Change focus to dock.  \n**⌃F4** Change focus to active or next window.  \n**⌃F5** Change focus to window toolbar.  \n**⌃F6** Change focus to the floating window.  \n**⌃F7** Change way Tab moves focus.\n**⌃F8** Change focus to status menus.  \n\n\n## Useful But Less Common\n\n### Screenshots\n\n**⌘⇧3** Screenshot of the entire screen.  \n**⌘⇧4** Screenshot of selection of screen.  \n**⌘⇧4** followed by **Space**: Screenshot of window.\n\nScreenshots are saved to Desktop, add ⌃ to copy to clipboard. ([more instructions](https://support.apple.com/kb/HT201361))\n\n### Log Out, Sleep, Restart, and Shut Down\n\n**⌘⇧Q** Log out of user account, with confirmation.  \n**⌘⇧⌥Q** Without confirmation.  \n\n**⌽** Tap the power button to turn on or wake from sleep. While awake, hold for 1.5 seconds for dialog for box with restart, sleep, or shut down options. Hold for 5 seconds to force your Mac to turn off.  \n**⌃⌽** Avoids the 1.5 second wait.  \n**⌘⌃⌽**  Force restart.  \n**⇧⌃⌽**  Put displays to sleep.  \n**⌘⌃⌽** Quit all apps, then restart, first asking whether to save unsaved work.  \n**⌘⌥⌃⌽** Quit all apps, then shut down, first asking whether to save unsaved work.  \n\n## Working With Documents\n\n### Basic Navigation, Deletion, and Selection\n\n**⌃A** Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.  \n**⌃E** Move to the end of a line or paragraph.  \n**⌃F** Move one character forward.  \n**⌃B** Move one character backward.  \n**⌃L** Center the cursor or selection in the visible area.  \n**⌃P** Move up one line.  \n**⌃N** Move down one line.  \n\n**⌃O** Insert a new line after the insertion point.  \n**⌃T** Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point.  \n**⌃H** Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use **⌫**.  \n**⌃D** Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use **Fn-⌫**.  \n**⌃K** Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.  \n\n**⌥⌫** Delete the word to the left of the insertion point.  \n**⌘⌫** Select Delete or Don't Save in a dialog that contains a Delete or Don't Save button.  \n\n### Manipulate Text\n\n**⌘B** Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.  \n**⌘I** Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off.  \n**⌘U** Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.  \n\n**⌘T** Show or hide the Fonts window.  \n**⌘D** Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.  \n**⌘⌃D** Show or hide the definition of the selected word.  \n**⌘⇧:** (colon) Display the Spelling and Grammar window.  \n**⌘;** (semicolon) Find misspelled words in the document.  \n\n**⌘{** (left curly bracket) Left align.  \n**⌘}** (right curly bracket) Right align.  \n**⌘⇧|** (vertical bar) Center align.  \n\n### More Navigation\n\n**Fn↑** Page Up: Scroll up one page.  \n**Fn↓** Page Down: Scroll down one page.  \n**Fn←** *Home*: Scroll to the beginning of a document.  \n**Fn→** *End*: Scroll to the end of a document.  \n**⌘↑** Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document.  \n**⌘↓** Move the insertion point to the end of the document.  \n**⌘←** Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.  \n**⌘→** Move the insertion point to the end of the current line.  \n**⌥←** Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.  \n**⌥→** Move the insertion point to the end of the next word.  \n\n### Selection\n\n**⇧↑** Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.  \n**⇧↓** Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below.  \n**⇧←** Extend text selection one character to the left.  \n**⇧→** Extend text selection one character to the right.  \n\n**⌘⇧↑** Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document.  \n**⌘⇧↓** Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document.  \n**⌘⇧←** Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.  \n**⌘⇧→** Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.  \n\n**⇧⌥↑** Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.  \n**⇧⌥↓** Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again.  \n**⇧⌥←** Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again.  \n**⇧⌥→** Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again.  \n\n### Application Operations\n\n**⌘⌥F** Go to the search field.  \n**⌘⌥T** Show or hide a toolbar in the app.  \n**⌘⌥I** Show or hide the inspector window.  \n**⌘⇧P** Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.  \n**⌘⇧S** Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document.  \n**⌘⇧-** (minus sign) Decrease the size of the selected item.  \n**⌘⇧+** (plus sign) Increase the size of the selected item. ⌘Equal sign (=) performs the same function.  \n**⌘⇧?** (question mark) Open the Help menu.  \n\n## Finder\n\n### Common Operations\n\n**Typing letters** jumps to files beginning with those letters.\n\n**↑** or **↓** (list view) *Scroll up* and *down* (list view).  \n**→** or **←** (list view) *Open* and *Close* the selected folder.  \n**Space bar** (list view) *Quick Look*: Use Quick Look to preview the selected item.\n\n**⌘N** Open a new Finder window.  \n**⌘I** Show the Get Info window for a selected file.  \n**⌘Y** Use Quick Look to preview the files.\n**⌘F** Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window.  \n\n**⌘⇧N** Create a new folder.  \n**⌘⌥N** Create a new Smart Folder.  \n\n**⌘⌫** Move the selected item to the Trash.  \n**⌘⇧⌫** Empty the Trash.  \n**⌘⇧⌥⌫** Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.  \n\n### More Operations\n\n**⌘↑** Open the folder that contains the current folder.  \n**⌘⌃↑**  Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window.  \n**⌘↓** Open the selected item.  \n\n**⌘D** Duplicate the selected files.  \n**⌘E** Eject the selected disk or volume.  \n**⌘⇧C** Open the Computer window.  \n**⌘⇧D** Open the desktop folder.  \n**⌘⇧F** Open the All My Files window.  \n**⌘⇧G** Open a Go to Folder window.  \n**⌘⇧H** Open the Home folder of the current OS X user account.  \n**⌘⇧I** Open iCloud Drive.  \n**⌘⇧K** Open the Network window.  \n**⌘⌥L** Open the Downloads folder.  \n**⌘⇧O** Open the Documents folder.  \n**⌘⇧R** Open the AirDrop window.  \n**⌘⇧T** Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mountain Lion or earlier)  \n**⌘⇧⌃T** Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later)  \n**⌘⇧U** Open the Utilities folder.  \n**⌘⌥D** Show or hide the Dock. This often works even when you're not in the Finder.  \n**⌘⌃T** Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later).  \n**⌘⌥P** Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.  \n**⌘⌥S** Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows.  \n**⌘/** (slash) Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows.  \n**⌘J** Show View options.  \n**⌘K** Open the Connect to Server window.  \n**⌘L** Make an alias of the selected item.  \n**⌘R** Show the original file for the selected alias.  \n**⌘T** Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.    \n**⌘⇧T** Show or hide a Finder tab.  \n**⌘⌥T** Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.  \n**⌘⌥V** Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.  \n**⌘⌥Y** View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.  \n**⌘Y** Use Quick Look to preview the selected files.  \n\n**⌘1** View the items in the Finder window as icons.  \n**⌘2** View the items in a Finder window as a list.  \n**⌘3** View the items in a Finder window in columns.  \n**⌘4** View the items in a Finder window with Cover Flow.  \n\n**⌘[** (left bracket) Go to the previous folder.  \n**⌘]** (right bracket) Go to the next folder.  \n**⌘Mission Control** Show the desktop. This works even when you're not in the Finder.  \n**⌘Brightness Up** Turn Target Display Mode on or off.  \n**⌘Brightness Down** Turn display mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display.  \n**⌥Brightness Up** Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.  \n**⌥Mission Control** Open Mission Control preferences.  \n**⌥Volume Up** Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.  \n\n### Mouse/Trackpad Shortcuts\n\n**⌘ key while dragging** Move the dragged item to another volume or location. The pointer changes while you drag the item.  \n**⌥ key while dragging** Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.  \n**⌘⌥ while dragging** Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.  \n**⌥-click a disclosure triangle** Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view.  \n**⌘-click a window title** See the folders that contain the current folder.  \n**⌥-double-click** Open a folder in a separate window and close the current window.  \n**⌘-double-click** Open a folder in a separate tab or window.  \n\n## More Shortcuts\n\n* [Startup key combinations](https://support.apple.com/kb/HT201255).\n* [Shortcuts for accessibility features](https://support.apple.com/kb/HT204434).\n* Shortcuts for [Safari 8 (Yosemite) ](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH19282)and [Safari 9 (El Capitan)](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH21483).\n\n## Further Reading\n\n* [Create new shortcuts](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH21534) and [resolve conflicts with shortcuts](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH21540).\n* Change the behavior of the [function keys](https://support.apple.com/kb/HT204436) or reassign [modifier keys](https://support.apple.com/kb/PH18422).\n* Use [spoken commands](https://support.apple.com/kb//HT203085) for keyboard shortcuts.\n\n\n## License\n\n[![Creative Commons License](https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)\n\nThis work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fjlevy%2Fmacos-shortcuts","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fjlevy%2Fmacos-shortcuts","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fjlevy%2Fmacos-shortcuts/lists"}