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These conventions are necessary, in part, for separate\ncompilation to work. One such convention is the \"calling\nconvention\". The \"calling convention\" is essentially a set of\nassumptions made by the compiler about where function arguments will\nbe found on entry to a function. A \"calling convention\" also specifies\nwhere the return value for a function is found.\n\nSome programs may not know at the time of compilation what arguments\nare to be passed to a function. For instance, an interpreter may be\ntold at run-time about the number and types of arguments used to call\na given function. Libffi can be used in such programs to provide a\nbridge from the interpreter program to compiled code.\n\nThe libffi library provides a portable, high level programming\ninterface to various calling conventions. This allows a programmer to\ncall any function specified by a call interface description at run\ntime.\n\nFFI stands for Foreign Function Interface.  A foreign function\ninterface is the popular name for the interface that allows code\nwritten in one language to call code written in another language. The\nlibffi library really only provides the lowest, machine dependent\nlayer of a fully featured foreign function interface. A layer must\nexist above libffi that handles type conversions for values passed\nbetween the two languages.\n\n\nSupported Platforms\n===================\n\nLibffi has been ported to many different platforms.\n\nAt the time of release, the following basic configurations have been\ntested:\n\n| Architecture    | Operating System | Compiler                |\n| --------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------- |\n| AArch64 (ARM64) | iOS              | Clang                   |\n| AArch64         | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| AArch64         | Windows          | MSVC                    |\n| Alpha           | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| Alpha           | Tru64            | GCC                     |\n| ARC             | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| ARC32           | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| ARC64           | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| ARM             | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| ARM             | iOS              | GCC                     |\n| ARM             | Windows          | MSVC                    |\n| AVR32           | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| Blackfin        | uClinux          | GCC                     |\n| CSKY            | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| HPPA            | HPUX             | GCC                     |\n| HPPA64          | HPUX             | GCC                     |\n| KVX             | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| IA-64           | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| LoongArch64     | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| M68K            | FreeMiNT         | GCC                     |\n| M68K            | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| M68K            | RTEMS            | GCC                     |\n| M88K            | OpenBSD/mvme88k  | GCC                     |\n| Meta            | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| MicroBlaze      | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| MIPS            | IRIX             | GCC                     |\n| MIPS            | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| MIPS            | RTEMS            | GCC                     |\n| MIPS64          | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| Moxie           | Bare metal       | GCC                     |\n| OpenRISC        | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| PowerPC 32-bit  | AIX              | GCC                     |\n| PowerPC 32-bit  | AIX              | IBM XL C                |\n| PowerPC 64-bit  | AIX              | IBM XL C                |\n| PowerPC         | AMIGA            | GCC                     |\n| PowerPC         | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| PowerPC         | Mac OSX          | GCC                     |\n| PowerPC         | FreeBSD          | GCC                     |\n| PowerPC 64-bit  | FreeBSD          | GCC                     |\n| PowerPC 64-bit  | Linux ELFv1      | GCC                     |\n| PowerPC 64-bit  | Linux ELFv2      | GCC                     |\n| RISC-V 32-bit   | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| RISC-V 64-bit   | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| S390            | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| S390X           | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| SH3             | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| SH4             | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| SH5/SH64        | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| SPARC           | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| SPARC           | Solaris          | GCC                     |\n| SPARC           | Solaris          | Oracle Solaris Studio C |\n| SPARC64         | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| SPARC64         | FreeBSD          | GCC                     |\n| SPARC64         | Solaris          | Oracle Solaris Studio C |\n| TILE-Gx/TILEPro | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| VAX             | OpenBSD/vax      | GCC                     |\n| WASM32          | Emscripten       | EMCC                    |\n| WASM64          | Emscripten       | EMCC                    |\n| X86             | FreeBSD          | GCC                     |\n| X86             | GNU HURD         | GCC                     |\n| X86             | Interix          | GCC                     |\n| X86             | kFreeBSD         | GCC                     |\n| X86             | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| X86             | OpenBSD          | GCC                     |\n| X86             | OS/2             | GCC                     |\n| X86             | Solaris          | GCC                     |\n| X86             | Solaris          | Oracle Solaris Studio C |\n| X86             | Windows/Cygwin   | GCC                     |\n| X86             | Windows/MinGW    | GCC                     |\n| X86-64          | DragonFly BSD    | GCC                     |\n| X86-64          | FreeBSD          | GCC                     |\n| X86-64          | Linux            | GCC                     |\n| X86-64          | Linux/x32        | GCC                     |\n| X86-64          | OpenBSD          | GCC                     |\n| X86-64          | Solaris          | Oracle Solaris Studio C |\n| X86-64          | Windows/Cygwin   | GCC                     |\n| X86-64          | Windows/MinGW    | GCC                     |\n| X86-64          | Mac OSX          | GCC                     |\n| Xtensa          | Linux            | GCC                     |\n\nPlease send additional platform test results to\nlibffi-discuss@sourceware.org.\n\nInstalling libffi\n=================\n\nFirst you must configure the distribution for your particular\nsystem. Go to the directory you wish to build libffi in and run the\n\"configure\" program found in the root directory of the libffi source\ndistribution.  Note that building libffi requires a C99 compatible\ncompiler.\n\nIf you're building libffi directly from git hosted sources, configure\nwon't exist yet; run ./autogen.sh first.  This will require that you\ninstall autoconf, automake, libtool and texinfo.\n\nYou may want to tell configure where to install the libffi library and\nheader files. To do that, use the ``--prefix`` configure switch.  Libffi\nwill install under /usr/local by default.\n\nIf you want to enable extra run-time debugging checks use the the\n``--enable-debug`` configure switch. This is useful when your program dies\nmysteriously while using libffi.\n\nAnother useful configure switch is ``--enable-purify-safety``. Using this\nwill add some extra code which will suppress certain warnings when you\nare using Purify with libffi. Only use this switch when using\nPurify, as it will slow down the library.\n\nIf you don't want to build documentation, use the ``--disable-docs``\nconfigure switch.\n\nIt's also possible to build libffi on Windows platforms with\nMicrosoft's Visual C++ compiler.  In this case, use the msvcc.sh\nwrapper script during configuration like so:\n\n    path/to/configure CC=path/to/msvcc.sh CXX=path/to/msvcc.sh LD=link CPP=\"cl -nologo -EP\" CXXCPP=\"cl -nologo -EP\" CPPFLAGS=\"-DFFI_BUILDING_DLL\"\n\nFor 64-bit Windows builds, use ``CC=\"path/to/msvcc.sh -m64\"`` and\n``CXX=\"path/to/msvcc.sh -m64\"``.  You may also need to specify\n``--build`` appropriately.\n\nIt is also possible to build libffi on Windows platforms with the LLVM\nproject's clang-cl compiler, like below:\n\n    path/to/configure CC=\"path/to/msvcc.sh -clang-cl\" CXX=\"path/to/msvcc.sh -clang-cl\" LD=link CPP=\"clang-cl -EP\"\n\nWhen building with MSVC under a MingW environment, you may need to\nremove the line in configure that sets 'fix_srcfile_path' to a 'cygpath'\ncommand.  ('cygpath' is not present in MingW, and is not required when\nusing MingW-style paths.)\n\nTo build static library for ARM64 with MSVC using visual studio solution, msvc_build folder have\n   aarch64/Ffi_staticLib.sln\n   required header files in aarch64/aarch64_include/\n\n\nSPARC Solaris builds require the use of the GNU assembler and linker.\nPoint ``AS`` and ``LD`` environment variables at those tool prior to\nconfiguration.\n\nFor iOS builds, the ``libffi.xcodeproj`` Xcode project is available.\n\nConfigure has many other options. Use ``configure --help`` to see them all.\n\nOnce configure has finished, type \"make\". Note that you must be using\nGNU make.  You can ftp GNU make from ftp.gnu.org:/pub/gnu/make .\n\nTo ensure that libffi is working as advertised, type \"make check\".\nThis will require that you have DejaGNU installed.\n\nTo install the library and header files, type ``make install``.\n\n\nHistory\n=======\n\nSee the git log for details at http://github.com/libffi/libffi.\n\n    3.5.2 Aug-2-2025\n        Add wasm64 support.\n        Add DragonFly BSD support.\n        Ensure trampoline file descriptors are closed on exec.\n\n    3.5.1 Jun-10-2025\n        Fix symbol versioning error.\n\n    3.5.0 Jun-8-2025\n        Add FFI_VERSION_STRING and FFI_VERSION_NUMBER macros, as well\n          as ffi_get_version() and ffi_get_version_number() functions.\n        Add ffi_get_default_abi() and ffi_get_closure_size() functions.\n        Fix closures on powerpc64-linux when statically linking.\n        Mark the PA stack as non-executable.\n\n    3.4.8 Apr-9-2025\n        Add static trampoline support for powerpc-linux (32-bit SYSV BE),\n          powerpc64-linux (64-bit ELFv1 BE) and\n          powerpc64le-linux (64-bit ELFv2 LE)\n        Various x86-64 bug fixes (x32 ABI and improper memory access for\n          small argument calls).\n        Fix to enable pointer authentication for aarch64.\n\n    3.4.7 Feb-8-2025\n        Add static trampoline support for Linux on s390x.\n        Fix BTI support for ARM64.\n        Support pointer authentication for ARM64.\n        Fix ASAN compatibility.\n        Fix x86-64 calls with 6 GP registers and some SSE registers.\n        Miscellaneous fixes for ARC and Darwin ARM64.\n        Fix OpenRISC or1k and Solaris 10 builds.\n        Remove nios2 port.\n\n    3.4.6 Feb-18-2024\n        Fix long double regression on mips64 and alpha.\n\n    3.4.5 Feb-15-2024\n        Add support for wasm32.\n        Add support for aarch64 branch target identification (bti).\n        Add support for ARCv3: ARC32 \u0026 ARC64.\n        Add support for HPPA64, and many HPPA fixes.\n        Add support for Haikuos on PowerPC.\n        Fixes for AIX, loongson, MIPS, power, sparc64, and x86 Darwin.\n\n    3.4.4 Oct-23-2022\n        Important aarch64 fixes, including support for linux builds\n          with Link Time Optimization (-flto).\n        Fix x86 stdcall stack alignment.\n        Fix x86 Windows msvc assembler compatibility.\n        Fix moxie and or1k small structure args.\n\n    3.4.3 Sep-19-2022\n        All struct args are passed by value, regardless of size, as per ABIs.\n        Enable static trampolines for Cygwin.\n        Add support for Loongson's LoongArch64 architecture.\n        Fix x32 static trampolines.\n        Fix 32-bit x86 stdcall stack corruption.\n        Fix ILP32 aarch64 support.\n\n    3.4.2 Jun-28-2021\n        Add static trampoline support for Linux on x86_64 and ARM64.\n        Add support for Alibaba's CSKY architecture.\n        Add support for Kalray's KVX architecture.\n        Add support for Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET).\n        Add support for ARM Pointer Authentication (PA).\n        Fix 32-bit PPC regression.\n        Fix MIPS soft-float problem.\n        Enable tmpdir override with the $LIBFFI_TMPDIR environment variable.\n        Enable compatibility with MSVC runtime stack checking.\n        Reject float and small integer argument in ffi_prep_cif_var().\n          Callers must promote these types themselves.\n\n    3.3 Nov-23-2019\n        Add RISC-V support.\n        New API in support of GO closures.\n        Add IEEE754 binary128 long double support for 64-bit Power\n        Default to Microsoft's 64 bit long double ABI with Visual C++.\n        GNU compiler uses 80 bits (128 in memory) FFI_GNUW64 ABI.\n        Add Windows on ARM64 (WOA) support.\n        Add Windows 32-bit ARM support.\n        Raw java (gcj) API deprecated.\n        Add pre-built PDF documentation to source distribution.\n        Many new test cases and bug fixes.\n\n    3.2.1 Nov-12-2014\n        Build fix for non-iOS AArch64 targets.\n\n    3.2 Nov-11-2014\n        Add C99 Complex Type support (currently only supported on\n          s390).\n        Add support for PASCAL and REGISTER calling conventions on x86\n          Windows/Linux.\n        Add OpenRISC and Cygwin-64 support.\n        Bug fixes.\n\n    3.1 May-19-2014\n        Add AArch64 (ARM64) iOS support.\n        Add Nios II support.\n        Add m88k and DEC VAX support.\n        Add support for stdcall, thiscall, and fastcall on non-Windows\n          32-bit x86 targets such as Linux.\n        Various Android, MIPS N32, x86, FreeBSD and UltraSPARC IIi\n          fixes.\n        Make the testsuite more robust: eliminate several spurious\n          failures, and respect the $CC and $CXX environment variables.\n        Archive off the manually maintained ChangeLog in favor of git\n          log.\n\n    3.0.13 Mar-17-2013\n        Add Meta support.\n        Add missing Moxie bits.\n        Fix stack alignment bug on 32-bit x86.\n        Build fix for m68000 targets.\n        Build fix for soft-float Power targets.\n        Fix the install dir location for some platforms when building\n          with GCC (OS X, Solaris).\n        Fix Cygwin regression.\n\n    3.0.12 Feb-11-2013\n        Add Moxie support.\n        Add AArch64 support.\n        Add Blackfin support.\n        Add TILE-Gx/TILEPro support.\n        Add MicroBlaze support.\n        Add Xtensa support.\n        Add support for PaX enabled kernels with MPROTECT.\n        Add support for native vendor compilers on\n          Solaris and AIX.\n        Work around LLVM/GCC interoperability issue on x86_64.\n\n    3.0.11 Apr-11-2012\n        Lots of build fixes.\n        Add support for variadic functions (ffi_prep_cif_var).\n        Add Linux/x32 support.\n        Add thiscall, fastcall and MSVC cdecl support on Windows.\n        Add Amiga and newer MacOS support.\n        Add m68k FreeMiNT support.\n        Integration with iOS' xcode build tools.\n        Fix Octeon and MC68881 support.\n        Fix code pessimizations.\n\n    3.0.10 Aug-23-2011\n        Add support for Apple's iOS.\n        Add support for ARM VFP ABI.\n        Add RTEMS support for MIPS and M68K.\n        Fix instruction cache clearing problems on\n          ARM and SPARC.\n        Fix the N64 build on mips-sgi-irix6.5.\n        Enable builds with Microsoft's compiler.\n        Enable x86 builds with Oracle's Solaris compiler.\n        Fix support for calling code compiled with Oracle's Sparc\n          Solaris compiler.\n        Testsuite fixes for Tru64 Unix.\n        Additional platform support.\n\n    3.0.9 Dec-31-2009\n        Add AVR32 and win64 ports.  Add ARM softfp support.\n        Many fixes for AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, *BSD.\n        Several PowerPC and x86-64 bug fixes.\n        Build DLL for windows.\n\n    3.0.8 Dec-19-2008\n        Add *BSD, BeOS, and PA-Linux support.\n\n    3.0.7 Nov-11-2008\n        Fix for ppc FreeBSD.\n        (thanks to Andreas Tobler)\n\n    3.0.6 Jul-17-2008\n        Fix for closures on sh.\n        Mark the sh/sh64 stack as non-executable.\n        (both thanks to Kaz Kojima)\n\n    3.0.5 Apr-3-2008\n        Fix libffi.pc file.\n        Fix #define ARM for IcedTea users.\n        Fix x86 closure bug.\n\n    3.0.4 Feb-24-2008\n        Fix x86 OpenBSD configury.\n\n    3.0.3 Feb-22-2008\n        Enable x86 OpenBSD thanks to Thomas Heller, and\n          x86-64 FreeBSD thanks to Björn König and Andreas Tobler.\n        Clean up test instruction in README.\n\n    3.0.2 Feb-21-2008\n        Improved x86 FreeBSD support.\n        Thanks to Björn König.\n\n    3.0.1 Feb-15-2008\n        Fix instruction cache flushing bug on MIPS.\n        Thanks to David Daney.\n\n    3.0.0 Feb-15-2008\n        Many changes, mostly thanks to the GCC project.\n        Cygnus Solutions is now Red Hat.\n\n      [10 years go by...]\n\n    1.20 Oct-5-1998\n        Raffaele Sena produces ARM port.\n\n    1.19 Oct-5-1998\n        Fixed x86 long double and long long return support.\n        m68k bug fixes from Andreas Schwab.\n        Patch for DU assembler compatibility for the Alpha from Richard\n          Henderson.\n\n    1.18 Apr-17-1998\n        Bug fixes and MIPS configuration changes.\n\n    1.17 Feb-24-1998\n        Bug fixes and m68k port from Andreas Schwab. PowerPC port from\n        Geoffrey Keating. Various bug x86, Sparc and MIPS bug fixes.\n\n    1.16 Feb-11-1998\n        Richard Henderson produces Alpha port.\n\n    1.15 Dec-4-1997\n        Fixed an n32 ABI bug. New libtool, auto* support.\n\n    1.14 May-13-97\n        libtool is now used to generate shared and static libraries.\n        Fixed a minor portability problem reported by Russ McManus\n        \u003cmcmanr@eq.gs.com\u003e.\n\n    1.13 Dec-2-1996\n        Added --enable-purify-safety to keep Purify from complaining\n          about certain low level code.\n        Sparc fix for calling functions with \u003c 6 args.\n        Linux x86 a.out fix.\n\n    1.12 Nov-22-1996\n        Added missing ffi_type_void, needed for supporting void return\n          types. Fixed test case for non MIPS machines. Cygnus Support\n          is now Cygnus Solutions.\n\n    1.11 Oct-30-1996\n        Added notes about GNU make.\n\n    1.10 Oct-29-1996\n        Added configuration fix for non GNU compilers.\n\n    1.09 Oct-29-1996\n        Added --enable-debug configure switch. Clean-ups based on LCLint\n        feedback. ffi_mips.h is always installed. Many configuration\n        fixes. Fixed ffitest.c for sparc builds.\n\n    1.08 Oct-15-1996\n        Fixed n32 problem. Many clean-ups.\n\n    1.07 Oct-14-1996\n        Gordon Irlam rewrites v8.S again. Bug fixes.\n\n    1.06 Oct-14-1996\n        Gordon Irlam improved the sparc port.\n\n    1.05 Oct-14-1996\n        Interface changes based on feedback.\n\n    1.04 Oct-11-1996\n        Sparc port complete (modulo struct passing bug).\n\n    1.03 Oct-10-1996\n        Passing struct args, and returning struct values works for\n        all architectures/calling conventions. Expanded tests.\n\n    1.02 Oct-9-1996\n        Added SGI n32 support. Fixed bugs in both o32 and Linux support.\n        Added \"make test\".\n\n    1.01 Oct-8-1996\n        Fixed float passing bug in mips version. Restructured some\n        of the code. Builds cleanly with SGI tools.\n\n    1.00 Oct-7-1996\n        First release. No public announcement.\n\nAuthors \u0026 Credits\n=================\n\nlibffi was originally written by Anthony Green \u003cgreen@moxielogic.com\u003e.\n\nThe developers of the GNU Compiler Collection project have made\ninnumerable valuable contributions.  See the ChangeLog file for\ndetails.\n\nSome of the ideas behind libffi were inspired by Gianni Mariani's free\ngencall library for Silicon Graphics machines.\n\nThe closure mechanism was designed and implemented by Kresten Krab\nThorup.\n\nMajor processor architecture ports were contributed by the following\ndevelopers:\n\n    aarch64             Marcus Shawcroft, James Greenhalgh\n    alpha               Richard Henderson\n    arc                 Hackers at Synopsis\n    arm                 Raffaele Sena\n    avr32               Bradley Smith\n    blackfin            Alexandre Keunecke I. de Mendonca\n    cris                Simon Posnjak, Hans-Peter Nilsson\n    csky                Ma Jun, Zhang Wenmeng\n    frv                 Anthony Green\n    ia64                Hans Boehm\n    kvx                 Yann Sionneau\n    loongarch64         Cheng Lulu, Xi Ruoyao, Xu Hao,\n                        Zhang Wenlong, Pan Xuefeng\n    m32r                Kazuhiro Inaoka\n    m68k                Andreas Schwab\n    m88k                Miod Vallat\n    metag               Hackers at Imagination Technologies\n    microblaze          Nathan Rossi\n    mips                Anthony Green, Casey Marshall\n    mips64              David Daney\n    moxie               Anthony Green\n    nios ii             Sandra Loosemore\n    openrisc            Sebastian Macke\n    pa                  Randolph Chung, Dave Anglin, Andreas Tobler\n    pa64                Dave Anglin\n    powerpc             Geoffrey Keating, Andreas Tobler,\n                        David Edelsohn, John Hornkvist\n    powerpc64           Jakub Jelinek\n    riscv               Michael Knyszek, Andrew Waterman, Stef O'Rear\n    s390                Gerhard Tonn, Ulrich Weigand\n    sh                  Kaz Kojima\n    sh64                Kaz Kojima\n    sparc               Anthony Green, Gordon Irlam\n    tile-gx/tilepro     Walter Lee\n    vax                 Miod Vallat\n    wasm32              Hood Chatham, Brion Vibber, Kleis Auke Wolthuizen\n    x86                 Anthony Green, Jon Beniston\n    x86-64              Bo Thorsen\n    xtensa              Chris Zankel\n\nJesper Skov and Andrew Haley both did more than their fair share of\nstepping through the code and tracking down bugs.\n\nThanks also to Tom Tromey for bug fixes, documentation and\nconfiguration help.\n\nThanks to Jim Blandy, who provided some useful feedback on the libffi\ninterface.\n\nAndreas Tobler has done a tremendous amount of work on the testsuite.\n\nAlex Oliva solved the executable page problem for SElinux.\n\nThe list above is almost certainly incomplete and inaccurate.  I'm\nhappy to make corrections or additions upon request.\n\nIf you have a problem, or have found a bug, please file an issue on\nour issue tracker at https://github.com/libffi/libffi/issues.\n\nThe author can be reached at green@moxielogic.com.\n\nTo subscribe/unsubscribe to our mailing lists, visit:\nhttps://sourceware.org/mailman/listinfo/libffi-announce\nhttps://sourceware.org/mailman/listinfo/libffi-discuss\n","funding_links":[],"categories":["Uncategorized","Scripting","C","正则表达式","Utilities ##"],"sub_categories":["Uncategorized","脚本","Vim ###"],"project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Flibffi%2Flibffi","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Flibffi%2Flibffi","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Flibffi%2Flibffi/lists"}