{"id":16248390,"url":"https://github.com/lynn/toki-wile","last_synced_at":"2026-01-21T00:33:09.908Z","repository":{"id":65875579,"uuid":"382720252","full_name":"lynn/toki-wile","owner":"lynn","description":"a constructed language, that combines the parts of Ithkuil I find interesting with the parts of Toki Pona I find cute and learnable","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2023-04-13T17:27:20.000Z","size":82,"stargazers_count":24,"open_issues_count":0,"forks_count":2,"subscribers_count":3,"default_branch":"main","last_synced_at":"2025-04-08T12:23:09.604Z","etag":null,"topics":[],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":null,"language":null,"has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":null,"status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/lynn.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":null,"code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null}},"created_at":"2021-07-03T22:33:22.000Z","updated_at":"2025-01-10T23:41:11.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":null,"dependency_job_id":"34e867a0-7eb8-41c8-9ee0-a83964b1d18f","html_url":"https://github.com/lynn/toki-wile","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":[],"tags_count":0,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/lynn/toki-wile","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/lynn%2Ftoki-wile","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/lynn%2Ftoki-wile/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/lynn%2Ftoki-wile/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/lynn%2Ftoki-wile/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/lynn","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/lynn/toki-wile/tar.gz/refs/heads/main","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/lynn%2Ftoki-wile/sbom","scorecard":null,"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":286080680,"owners_count":28619764,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-01-20T23:49:58.628Z","status":"ssl_error","status_checked_at":"2026-01-20T23:47:29.996Z","response_time":117,"last_error":"SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 peeraddr=140.82.121.5:443 state=error: unexpected eof while reading","robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":false,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":[],"created_at":"2024-10-10T14:41:27.797Z","updated_at":"2026-01-21T00:33:09.880Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/lynn.png","language":null,"funding_links":[],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"# toki wile 0.0.4\n\ntoki wile is a conlang that combines the parts of Ithkuil I find interesting with the parts of Toki Pona I find cute and learnable. This document, for now, assumes familiarity with Toki Pona and maybe some familiarity with Ithkuil.\n\nI made this because I want to play with it, and find out what the interesting parts of Ithkuil feel like in a cute and learnable context. Maybe it's a lot of fun! Maybe it doesn't work at all! If you're interested, [**join the toki wile Discord**](https://discord.gg/bBcnEbxA9C).\n\nIthkuil is [©2004-2021 by John Quijada](http://ithkuil.net/). Toki Pona [was invented by Sonja Lang](http://tokipona.org/).\n\n## Phonology\nIt's like toki pona (aeiou ptksjnlmw), but with consonant clusters and geminated consonants.\n\nw/j do not appear in coda position, and instead there are diphthongs (`au ai eu ei oi`). Other vowel pairs like `ea` are disyllabic.\n\nStress is on the first syllable of each word.\n\n/w/ has the allophone \\[f\\~v\\] before /u/, and /j/ has the allophone \\[ç\\~ʝ\\] before /i/.\n\n## Words and sentences \nThere are two kinds of words: **pronouns** and **formatives**.\n\nFormatives have an Ithkuil-like fusional slot structure, and are further divided into **nouns** and **verbs**.\n\nThere are no particles. Instead, there's a case system (replacing `li`, `e`...) and a \"namako\" formative slot (replacing `ala`, `anu`...)\n\nThe sentence structure is:\n\n    ((Nla) Vla) (N0)   (V1 N1) (V2 N2) (V3 N3)...\n    ↑           ↑      ↑       ↑       ↑\n    la-clause   head   tail    tail    tail...\n\n`N0` is called the \"head\", and each `Vi Ni` is called a \"tail\". The meaning is basically:\n\n    (When / Given that \"Nla Vla\":)  \u003c-- optional\n          \"N0 V1 N1\",\n      and \"N0 V2 N2\",\n      and \"N0 V3 N3\"...\n\nThat is, the nouns in the head `N0` \"distribute\" over all the verb-noun \"tails\". This is a generalization of the toki pona `S li V1 O1 li V2 O2`.\n\nIf present, the \"la-clause\" offers a clausal \"context\" or \"condition\" for the whole sentence. Its presence is marked by a verb ending in `-a` (see \"Illocutions\").\n\nIf there are no tails, then the nominative-case nouns in the head are linked copula-wise, \"N1 is N2 (and is N3...)\". So, it's a bit easier to distinguish \"I eat\" and \"I am food\" in toki wile.\n\n## Pronouns\nThese are modeled after Ithkuil's PRAs. The shape is either C(C…)V, or VCCV. (When I use something like \"VCCV\" to describe the shape of a word, that means \"vowel, consonant, consonant, vowel\".)\n\nThe consonants indicate pronoun roles, and the vowels indicate cases.\n\n    m - mi\n    s - sina\n    n - ona\n    l - ni (demonstrative)\n    t - \"ni:\" (next sentence)\n    k - seme?\n\nFor example, `mi` is \"mi li\" (`-i` marks the nominative case), and `se` is \"e sina\" (`-e` marks the accusative case).\n\nA consonant cluster combines referents: `sne` is \"e sina e ona\".\n\nThe VCCV shape rolls two pronouns into one funky word. `esmi` means the same thing as `se mi`. This is just an aesthetic thing from Ithkuil I like.\n\n## Formatives\nThese are the building blocks of the language: nouns and verbs.\n\nAs in Ithkuil, the structure is divided into consonant/vowel \"slots\":\n\n    (Vn +) (preverbs +) Cr + Vs + Ca (+ suffixes) + Vk\n\n### Required slots\nThe **Cr** slot is the root, found in the lexicon. For example **sk** means \"lukin / kule\".\nEach root in groups two content words from toki pona, called its two \"stems\".\n\nThe **Vs** slot selects a stem from the root, and marks whether this formative is a noun or verb:\n\n    -a-   Stem 1, noun.\n    -e-   Stem 2, noun.\n    -au-  Stem 1, carrier noun. The next word is a name. (laule Lin = \"e jan Lin\")\n    -eu-  Stem 2, carrier noun. The next word is a name. (leule Kiti = \"e soweli Kiti\")\n    -o-   Stem 1, verb.\n    -u-   Stem 2, verb.\n    -i-   Pronoun: interpret Cr as a pronoun. This allows applying Vn, Ca, suffixes... to pronouns. (omitwe = taso-RPV-KLP-ACC)\n\nThe **Ca** slot says some things about the \"configuration\" of the noun or of the event described by the verb. It is described in its own section below.\n\nThe **Vk** slot marks case for nouns, and illocution for verbs. See the tables below.\n\n### Vn\nVn is an initial vowel that I stuffed random bits of meaning in. The n stands for namako!!!\n\n    a-  \"ala\" on verbs.  also on nouns: \"I ate not-the-bread (implied: but I ate something else)\".\n    e-  no meaning, use when an initial consonant cluster is too spicy\n    i-  \"kin\" (also), on any formative\n    o-  taso (only), on any formative\n    u-  anu, on any formative, links disjunctively with previous formative.\n\n### Preverbs\nYou can put as many of these as you want in front of the root slot. They behave exactly as in Toki Pona. They're not currently allowed in a noun.\n\n    -wa-  kama...\n    -wi-  wile...\n    -we-  awen...\n    -wo-  sona...\n    -wu-  lukin...\n    -je-  ken...\n    -jo-  open...\n    -ju-  pini...\n\n### Suffixes\nThe **suffixes** are each of the form \"VxCx\", where \"Cx\" is a root from the lexicon and \"Vx\" marks how it applies:\n\n    -a-  Stem 1, modifier.\n    -e-  Stem 2, modifier.\n    -o-  Stem 1, modifier, as if preceded with \"pi\".\n    -u-  Stem 2, modifier, as if preceded with \"pi\".\n    -i-  Ca stacking.\n\nThis is the equivalent to compounds in Toki Pona. As an extra feature taken from Ithkuil, a \"pi\" on the last item marks that the modification of the root concept is \"incidental\" (like \"jan pona = good person\"), whereas its absence marks that the modification is \"lexicalizing\" (like \"jan pona = friend\").\n\n    lale    \"e jan\"           (the person)\n    lalape  \"e jan pona\"      (the friend)\n    lalope  \"e jan pi pona\" ! (the good person)\n\nThe vowel -i- is used to stack/nest Ca configurations. For example, `lalwe` (group of people) can become `lalwilje` (a pair of groups of people).\n\nIf the consonant cluster in a suffix is -st-, it is a case accessor suffix. This always makes a noun even if Vs marks verb status.\n\n    -ist  \"one who V-s\"\n    -est  \"one who is V-ed\"\n    -ust  \"haver of N\"\n    -ast  \"context for N or for doing V\"\n    -aust \"goal of N, purpose of V-ing\"\n    -eust \"what is used by N, or used for V-ing\"\n    -ost  \"place where N is, or where V-ing happens\"\n    -east \"manner of V-ing\"\n    -aist \"similar to N, or what V-ing is done like\"\n\n## Cases\nThese mark the role of the noun in the sentence.\n\n    -i   nominative, subject (tp: li)\n    -e   accusative, object (tp: e)\n    -u   genitive (scopes on the previous word. covers one sense of pi)\n    -a   X la (as in \"tenpo pini la\". see -a illocution)\n    -au  tawa X\n    -eu  kepeken X\n    -o   lon X\n    -ea  tan X\n    -ai  sama X\n    -oi  \"o!\" (vocative)\n\nThe \"genitive\" is really a broad appositive case, not limited to \"genitive\" in the Ithkuil sense.\n\n## Illocutions\nIllocution marks whether this verb is an assertion, question, command...\n\nAlso, for assertions, it marks evidentiality (the source of the information you're asserting).\n\n    -i   \"mi lukin / mi pali\"\n           I'm asserting this based on direct, present, outside experience.\n           This includes statements about what I'm doing.\n\n    -o   \"mi sona\"\n           I'm asserting this based on indirect knowledge.\n           Memory, hearsay, hunches, conventional wisdom...\n\n    -e   \"mi pilin\"\n           I'm stating my opinion or internal feelings.\n\n    -oi  \"o!\" (hortative)\n           Not an assertion: I'm expressing a wish that things be this way,\n           or a command for the listener to make things be this way,\n           or (with \"moi\") expressing that I should make it be this way.\n\n    -ai  performative\n           This is true by virtue of me saying it's hereby true!\n           For example, \"I hereby apologize\" or \"I hereby greet you\" (=hello).\n\n    -u   \"anu seme?\"\n           Marks a question. Yes/no, or wh-question if there's a -k- pronoun.\n\n           By the way, you can use \"nwo-\" (lon) to answer yes/no questions,\n           or you can repeat the verb. Either way, you should probably copy\n           the Ca from the question verb, and use appropriate evidentiality.\n\n    -a   marks la-clause\n           Not really an illocution, just marks the end of Vla.\n           See \"Sentence structure\".\n\n## Lexicon\nI've only listed the toki pona content words associated with the two stems.\n* When used as a root in a noun formative, these have the toki pona noun meaning.\n* When used as a root in a verb formative, these have the toki pona verb meaning.\n* When used as a suffixes, these have the meaning they have as toki pona modifiers in compounds.\n\nAn entry like `-PL- olin, suwi` means: pla- is olin/noun, ple- is suwi/noun, plo- is olin/verb, plu- is suwi/verb.\n\n```\n    -K- ike, jaki\n    -KJ- pakala, utala\n    -KK- moli, kipisi\n    -KL- kute, kalama\n    -KS- musi, nasa\n    -KW- kiwen, ko\n    -L- jan, soweli\n    -LJ- kala, pipi\n    -LK- kasi, kili\n    -LL- telo, kon\n    -LN- luka, noka\n    -LNSKW- kijetesantakalu, /\n    -LS- soko, /\n    -LT- oko, uta\n    -LW- akesi, waso\n    -M- ma, tomo\n    -MJ- moku, pan\n    -MK- namako, misikeke\n    -ML- mije, meli\n    -MM- mama, /\n    -MP- nena, lupa\n    -MS- suno, mun\n    -MT- sike, leko\n    -MW- tawa, kama\n    -N- nanpa, nimi\n    -NJ- wan, tu\n    -NK- lawa, poka\n    -NL- linja, len\n    -NM- jasima, /\n    -NN- mute, ale\n    -NP- anpa, sewi\n    -NS- insa, selo\n    -NSJ- sinpin, monsi\n    -NT- ante, monsuta\n    -NW- lon, weka\n    -P- pona, epiku\n    -PJ- sijelo, unpa\n    -PK- pu, ku\n    -PL- olin, suwi\n    -PP- suli, lili\n    -PS- seli, lete\n    -PW- wawa, lape\n    -S- pilin, sona\n    -SJ- ijo, kulupu\n    -SK- lukin, kule\n    -SM- sama, tonsi\n    -SP- walo, pimeja\n    -SPJ- loje, jelo\n    -SPW- laso, unu (purple)\n    -SS- jo, lanpan\n    -ST- (marks case accessor suffix)\n    -SW- wile, alasa\n    -T- toki, sitelen\n    -TJ- pali, pana\n    -TL- ilo, kepeken\n    -TM- mani, esun\n    -TP- lipu, poki\n    -TS- open, pini\n    -TT- tan, nasin\n    -TW- tenpo, awen\n    -XZ- yupekosi, /\n```\n\n## Ca\nIt's the fun part of Ithkuil! Here's a table.\n\n```\n   Extension   Perspective   Pronoun   Configuration\n   =========   ===========   =======   =============\n   ALE:  Ø     NRM: l²       (see ¹)   WAN:    Ø\n   INSA: s     RPV: t                  TU:     j\n   OPEN: k     N:   n                  KLP:    w\n   PINI: p\n\n   ¹ A \"pronoun infix\" in Ca is allowed *only when Ext is Ø*.\n       * On a noun, they express a genitive: lenmwe = \"lenwe mu\", twallo = \"twalo lu\"\n       * On a verb, they express a subject: pwutni = \"ni pwuti\"\n   ² NRM -l- is omitted if preceded by non-null Ext or before pronoun \"m\".\n     This is equivalent to applying the substitutions sl→s kl→k pl→p lm→m.\n```\n\n(The order these apply in to a root is: Configuration → Extension → Perspective. What that boils down to is that -stw- means `root.w().s().t()` \"hypothetical part of a group\", not `root.s().t().w()` \"a group of hypothetical middle parts\".)\n\n### Extension\n* ALE (Ø) describes a whole thing.\n* INSA focuses a middle or part of something. For verbs, it acts like a continuous tense.\n* OPEN focuses the start/head of something. For nouns, this might be the source of a river or the entryway of a house — interpretation is a bit creative.\n* PINI focuses the end of something. For nouns, this might be like the last bit of food left, or the butt of a cigarette.\n\n\n### Perspective\n* NRM describes a real specific instance.\n* RPV describes a hypothetical, unspecific, imagined instance. On verbs, it's like a subjunctive.\n* N describes general claims, like \"birds fly\" (as a rule). It makes \"kinds\" out of nouns (a bird → \"birds in general\") and acts like a gnomic aspect for verbs.\n\n### Configuration\n* WAN describes \"one thing\" at a time: one bird, or many birds each in isolation.\n* TU describes a pair acting/occuring together, or many pairs each in isolation.\n* KLP (kulupu) describes a group acting/occuring together, or many groups each in isolation.\n\nThe point here is that configuration is not pluralization. In Ithkuil terms, the distinction between Monadic and non-Monadic is unmarked. So, `lweli` means \"a bird\" or \"birds (a bird here, a bird there)\", while `lwelwi` means \"a flock of birds\" but also \"flocks (a flock here, a flock there)\". You can use suffixes -anj (one) or -ann (many) to be more explicit about number.\n\n## Interjections\n\nWhen you say a word that consists of just one letter, it's an interjection.\n\n* a: \"a!\"\n* e: \"what!? seriously?\"\n* i: \"same, me too, relatable, ikr, ikwym\"\n* k: \"psh, yeah right, ugh, ew, wtf!\"\n* l: \"yay! yum! how lovely!\"\n* m: \"umm...\"\n* n: \"I see, gotcha\"\n* s: \"don't worry, sure, no prob\"\n* t: \"lol, hahaha, nice, 💯\"\n* u: \"mu!\"\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Flynn%2Ftoki-wile","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Flynn%2Ftoki-wile","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Flynn%2Ftoki-wile/lists"}