{"id":21340271,"url":"https://github.com/mnestorov/linux-commands","last_synced_at":"2026-01-26T08:36:00.440Z","repository":{"id":111493702,"uuid":"566866694","full_name":"mnestorov/linux-commands","owner":"mnestorov","description":"This list of Linux commands should provide you with a more comprehensive understanding of the tools available for various tasks in the Linux 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tools available for various tasks in the Linux environment.\n\n## Networking\n\n- [Ping Host](#ping-host)\n- [Get whois for domain](#get-whois-for-domain)\n- [Get DNS for domain](#get-dns-for-domain)\n- [Reserve loockup host](#reserve-loockup-host)\n- [Outputs the webpage from url](#outputs-the-webpage-from-url)\n- [Connect at host  as user](#connect-to-a-host-as-a-user-ssh)\n- [Display network interfaces and their configuration](#display-network-interfaces-and-their-configuration)\n- [Display active network connections](#display-active-network-connections)\n- [Download a file from the internet](#download-a-file-from-the-internet)\n- [Transfer files via FTP](#transfer-files-via-ftp)\n\n## Permissions\n\n- [Change directory permissions](#change-directory-permissions)\n\n## File Management\n\n- [List files and directories](#list-files-and-directories)\n- [Create a new directory](#create-a-new-directory)\n- [Remove a directory](#remove-a-directory)\n- [Copy a file](#copy-a-file)\n- [Move a file](#move-a-file)\n- [Delete a file](#delete-a-file)\n- [Display the contents of a file](#display-the-contents-of-a-file)\n\n## User Management\n\n- [Add a new user](#add-a-new-user)\n- [Delete a user](#delete-a-user)\n- [Change a users password](#change-a-users-password)\n\n## System Information\n\n- [Display system information](#display-system-information)\n- [Check disk usage](#check-disk-usage)\n- [Check memory usage](#check-memory-usage)\n- [Display running processes](#display-running-processes)\n- [Show the history of commands](#show-the-history-of-commands)\n\n## File Compression\n\n- [Compress a file using gzip](#compress-a-file-using-gzip)\n- [Decompress a gzip file](#decompress-a-gzip-file)\n- [Create a tarball archive](#create-a-tarball-archive)\n- [Extract a tarball archive](#extract-a-tarball-archive)\n\n## File and Directory Navigation\n\n- [Change the current directory](#change-the-current-directory)\n- [Go to the users home directory](#go-to-the-users-home-directory)\n- [Go back to the previous directory](#go-back-to-the-previous-directory)\n- [List files and directories with details](#list-files-and-directories-with-details)\n- [List all files including hidden files](#list-all-files-including-hidden-files)\n\n## Searching\n\n- [Search for a file or directory](#search-for-a-file-or-directory)\n- [Search for text within files](#search-for-text-within-files)\n\n## Text Manipulation\n\n- [Display the first few lines of a file](#display-the-first-few-lines-of-a-file)\n- [Display the last few lines of a file](#display-the-last-few-lines-of-a-file)\n- [Sort lines of a text file](#sort-lines-of-a-text-file)\n- [Count words, lines, and characters in a file](#count-words-lines-and-characters-in-a-file)\n- [Replace text in a file](#replace-text-in-a-file)\n\n## System Administration\n\n- [Shutdown the system](#shutdown-the-system)\n- [Reboot the system](#reboot-the-system)\n- [Display disk usage by directory](#display-disk-usage-by-directory)\n- [Display the current date and time](#display-the-current-date-and-time)\n- [Display the systems uptime](#display-the-systems-uptime)\n- [Change the owner of a file or directory](#change-the-owner-of-a-file-or-directory)\n- [Change the group ownership of a file or directory](#change-the-group-ownership-of-a-file-or-directory)\n- [Schedule a command to run at a specific time using at](#schedule-a-command-to-run-at-a-specific-time-using-at)\n- [Schedule a recurring command using cron](#schedule-a-recurring-command-using-cron)\n- [View system logs](#view-system-logs)\n- [Display the list of installed packages](#display-the-list-of-installed-packages)\n- [Install a package using apt-get](#install-a-package-using-apt-get)\n- [Update the package list](#update-the-package-list)\n- [Upgrade installed packages](#upgrade-installed-packages)\n- [Remove a package](#remove-a-package)\n\n## SSH Key\n\n- [Generate a new SSH key](#generate-a-new-ssh-key)\n- [View your public SSH key](#view-your-public-ssh-key)\n\n## PHP Versions\n\n- [Switch Between Multiple PHP Versions](#switch-between-multiple-php-versions)\n\n---\n\n\n## Networking\n\n### Ping Host\n\n```\nping example.com\n```\n\n### Get whois for domain\n\n```\nwhois example.com\n```\n\n### Get DNS for domain\n\n```\ndig example.com\n```\n\n### Reserve loockup host\n\n```\ndig -x 192.168.1.1\n```\n\n### Outputs the webpage from URL\n\n```\ncurl example.com\n```\n\n### Connect to a host as a user (SSH)\n\n```\nssh user@example.com\n```\n\n### Display network interfaces and their configuration\n\n```\nifconfig\n```\n\n### Display active network connections\n\n```\nnetstat\n```\n\n### Download a file from the internet\n\n```\nwget http://example.com/file_name\n```\n\n### Transfer files via FTP\n\n```\nftp ftp.example.com\n```\n\n\n\n## Permissions\n\n### Change directory permissions\n\n```\nchown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/example.com\n```\n\n```\nchmod 755 /path/to/directory\n```\n\n## File Management\n\n### List files and directories\n\n```\nls\n```\n\n### Create a new directory\n\n```\nmkdir new_directory\n```\n\n### Remove a directory\n\n```\nrmdir directory_name\n```\n\n### Copy a file\n\n```\ncp source_file destination\n```\n\n### Move a file\n\n```\nmv source_file destination\n```\n\n### Delete a file\n\n```\nrm file_name\n```\n\n### Display the contents of a file\n\n```\ncat file_name\n```\n\n## User Management\n\n### Add a new user\n\n```\nadduser new_username\n```\n\n### Delete a user\n\n```\ndeluser username\n```\n\n### Change a users password\n\n```\npasswd username\n```\n\n## System Information\n\n### Display system information\n\n```\nuname -a\n```\n\n### Check disk usage\n\n```\ndf -h\n```\n\n### Check memory usage\n\n```\nfree -h\n```\n\n### Display running processes\n\n```\ntop\n```\n\n### Show the history of commands\n\n```\nhistory\n```\n\n## File Compression\n\n### Compress a file using gzip\n\n```\ngzip file_name\n```\n\n### Decompress a gzip file\n\n```\ngunzip file_name.gz\n```\n\n### Create a tarball archive\n\n```\ntar -cvzf archive_name.tar.gz directory_name\n```\n\n### Extract a tarball archive\n\n```\ntar -xvzf archive_name.tar.gz\n```\n\n## File and Directory Navigation\n\n### Change the current directory\n\n```\ncd /path/to/directory\n```\n\n## Go to the users home directory\n\n```\ncd ~\n```\n\n## Go back to the previous directory\n\n```\ncd -\n```\n\n## List files and directories with details\n\n```\nls -l\n```\n\n## List all files including hidden files\n\n```\nls -a\n```\n\n## Searching\n\n### Search for a file or directory\n\n```\nfind /path/to/start -name \"file_name\"\n```\n\n### Search for text within files\n\n```\ngrep \"search_text\" /path/to/files/*\n```\n\n## Text Manipulation\n\n### Display the first few lines of a file\n\n```\nhead file_name\n```\n\n### Display the last few lines of a file\n\n```\ntail file_name\n```\n\n### Sort lines of a text file\n\n```\nsort file_name\n```\n\n### Count words, lines, and characters in a file\n\n```\nwc file_name\n```\n\n### Replace text in a file\n\n```\nsed 's/old_text/new_text/g' input_file \u003e output_file\n```\n\n## System Administration\n\n### Shutdown the system\n\n```\nshutdown -h now\n```\n\n### Reboot the system\n\n```\nreboot\n```\n\n### Display disk usage by directory\n\n```\ndu -sh /path/to/directory\n```\n\n### Display the current date and time\n\n```\ndate\n```\n\n### Display the systems uptime\n\n```\nuptime\n```\n\n### Change the owner of a file or directory\n\n```\nchown new_owner /path/to/file_or_directory\n```\n\n### Change the group ownership of a file or directory\n\n```\nchgrp new_group /path/to/file_or_directory\n```\n\n### Schedule a command to run at a specific time using at\n\n```\necho \"command\" | at 3:00pm\n```\n\n### Schedule a recurring command using cron\n\n```\ncrontab -e\n```\n\n### View system logs\n\n```\nless /var/log/syslog\n```\n\n### Display the list of installed packages\n\n```\ndpkg --list\n```\n\n### Install a package using apt-get\n\n```\nsudo apt-get install package_name\n```\n\n### Update the package list\n\n```\nsudo apt-get update\n```\n\n### Upgrade installed packages\n\n```\nsudo apt-get upgrade\n```\n\n### Remove a package\n\n```\nsudo apt-get remove package_name\n```\n\n## SSH Key\n\n### Generate a new SSH key\n\n**Generate a new SSH key pair (using RSA with 4096 bits)**\n\n```\nssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C \"your_email@example.com\"\n```\n\n### View your public SSH key\n\n```\ncat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub\n```\n\n## PHP Versions\n\n### Switch Between Multiple PHP Versions\n\n```\nsudo update-alternatives --config php\n```\n\n---\n\n## License\n\nThis repository is unlicense[d], so feel free to 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