{"id":13835984,"url":"https://github.com/rricharz/R65","last_synced_at":"2025-07-10T13:31:23.200Z","repository":{"id":113358404,"uuid":"127503169","full_name":"rricharz/R65","owner":"rricharz","description":"Code and emulator of my home built R65 computer, built around 1978","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2024-03-30T10:02:24.000Z","size":49088,"stargazers_count":7,"open_issues_count":0,"forks_count":1,"subscribers_count":3,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2024-03-30T11:21:26.863Z","etag":null,"topics":["6502","assembler","basic","emulator","history","kim-1","microprocessors","replica","tiny-pascal"],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":null,"language":"Assembly","has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"gpl-3.0","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/rricharz.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"LICENSE.md","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null}},"created_at":"2018-03-31T05:48:39.000Z","updated_at":"2024-03-30T11:21:28.361Z","dependencies_parsed_at":null,"dependency_job_id":"8ca73ce0-5142-4836-9a02-916612e0e924","html_url":"https://github.com/rricharz/R65","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":[],"tags_count":0,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/rricharz%2FR65","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/rricharz%2FR65/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/rricharz%2FR65/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/rricharz%2FR65/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/rricharz","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/rricharz/R65/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":225638929,"owners_count":17500652,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2022-07-04T15:15:14.044Z","host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":["6502","assembler","basic","emulator","history","kim-1","microprocessors","replica","tiny-pascal"],"created_at":"2024-08-04T15:00:31.662Z","updated_at":"2024-11-20T22:31:37.359Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/rricharz.png","language":"Assembly","funding_links":[],"categories":["Assembly"],"sub_categories":[],"readme":"# R65 - A late seventies computer built with a KIM-1\nAssembler and Pascal code of my home built R65 computer, built 1977-1979.\n\nThis repository includes the original source files of the programs for\nthe system. There is also an emulator for the Raspberry Pi in the R65-Emulator\nfolder. The source files for the R65 programs have been tested on the\nemulator.\n\nBelow is a screen shot of the R65-emulator front panel.\n\n![Alt text](r65panel.jpg?raw=true \"R65 Emulator front panel\")\n\nThe original program listings are in the folder Original-Program-Listings.\n\nOriginal Job computer built 1977-1979:\n![Alt text](job.jpg?raw=true \"job system\")\n\nThe only picture of the original R65 computer available, made early 1978:\nI (left) am demonstrating the R65 computer to Toni Weber (right) from the Swiss toy\nstore chain Franz Carl Weber. The keyboard (bottom) and the TV screen (in the back)\nare visible. The very early reaction time test game played used the led's on the front panel.\n ![Alt text](original.jpg?raw=true \"original\")\n\nRunning ladders written in R65 Pascal:\n![Alt text](screen-1.jpg?raw=true \"screen-1\")\n\nThe graphic basic interpreter has just been started:\n![Alt text](screen-2.jpg?raw=true \"screen-2\")\n\nThe R65 computer has been built 1977-1979 by myself together with\nRudolf Baumann, who has built his own JOB computer at the same time with similar\nhardware. The picture above shows the open JOB computer. The original\nR65 computer has not survived. The floppy disks have also not survived.\n\nHardware specifications of the original R65 Computer:\n- 6502 8-bit microprocessor\n- 1 MHz clock speed\n- 17 kByte, 33 kByte, 49 kByte RAM (expanded 2 times between 1977 an 1979)\n- 2 kByte graphics RAM\n- 10 kByte ROM\n- 40 x 16 char monochrome display\n- 224 x 118 dot monochrome graphics display (switchable with char display)\n- 2 floppy disk drives. Formatted capacity 199680 bytes each.\n- Interfaces: Teletype, RS232, parallel printer, audio tape, golf-ball typewriter, tv\n\nMost of the original 6502 assembler programs have been written by myself\n1977 - 1980, some of them based on code snippets found in publications.\nThey have been modified and improved up to 1982 by Rudolf Baumann\nfor his hardware. Thanks to him for keeping his hardware (not\nfunctional anymore) and printed program listings up to today. The program\nlistings have been scanned and digitized 2018 by myself.\n\nThe main software includes the original KIM-1 ROM and 4 modules,\nwhich were burned on EPROMS at that time. These modules are:\n\n- A system monitor module, which is executed at startup\n- A disk controller module, which handles the access to the floppy drives\n- A IO controller module, which handles other IO\n- A crt controller module, which handles the display\n\nThese 4 modules run in their original version, with the exception of\na few minor bug fixes.\n\nThe software also includes an extended disk operating system module (EXDOS),\nwhich has been modified substantially. A number of commands have been added\nto the emulator version\nof the extended disk operating system module. They allow to import and\nexport serial data files to and from the Linux operating system and to\n\"change floppy disks\". The emulator emulates 2 floppy drives as in the\noriginal system, but can handle an unlimited number of floppy disks.\n\nThe original text editor has not been implemented, because it must be\nconsidered very user unfriendly given todays standards. Instead,\nusing the \"edit\" command of EXDOS, the file to edit is automatically\nexported to the Linux file system, and the Linux text editor \"mousepad\"\nis called. Once mousepad is quit, the edited file is imported automatically\nback into the R65 file system. This happens automatically and very quickly.\n\nPlease note that even so the emulator includes the original KIM-1 ROM, it is NOT\na KIM-1 emulator. Only the KIM-1 hardware required for the operation of the\nR65 computer system is emulated in the emulator.\n\nThe emulator uses a very nice 6502 emulation module written 2011 by\nMike Chambers (miker00lz@gmail.com). The look and feel of the emulated system\nis very similar to the original. But everything is much faster.\n\nWhile the original system used a 8x7 matrix for the character display, I have\ndecided to use a high resolution font in the emulation to improve readability.\n\nThe original R65 computer included a basic interpreter, and an improved Tiny\nPascal compiler. The R65 Pascal system, which was quite powerfull for\na 8-bit microprocessor at that time, and the Basic interpreter have been reconstructed.\n\nThe basic floating point subroutines of the R65 Pascal system were published in Dr. Dobbs\nJournal, Volume 1, Number 7, August 1976, page 17 by Steve Wozniak.\n\nThe original manuals had been written in German only, but the most important part has\nbeen translated to English and is available in the Manuals folder. You should\nfind everything you need to install and use the emulator on a Raspberry Pi.\n\nThe installation instructions are in the manual.\n\nThe following Pascal games have currently been reconstructed:\n- Reversi\n- Pong\n- Alien Invasion\n- Starship (using an external tek4010 terminal emulator)\n\nNo Basic games have survived, but I imported a few Basic games from\nhttp://vintage-basic.net/games.html to test the Basic interpreter.\n\nThe contributions in this repository are distributed in the hope that they will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. \nPlease report any problems or suggestions for improvements to r77@bluewin.ch\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Frricharz%2FR65","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Frricharz%2FR65","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Frricharz%2FR65/lists"}