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📍 NOTE                                                                                                                                                           |\n|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| RubyGems (the [GitHub org][rubygems-org], not the website) [suffered][draper-security] a [hostile takeover][ellen-takeover] in September 2025.                    |\n| Ultimately [4 maintainers][simi-removed] were [hard removed][martin-removed] and a reason has been given for only 1 of those, while 2 others resigned in protest. |\n| It is a [complicated story][draper-takeover] which is difficult to [parse quickly][draper-lies].                                                                  |\n| I'm adding notes like this to gems because I [don't condone theft][draper-theft] of repositories or gems from their rightful owners.                              |\n| If a similar theft happened with my repos/gems, I'd hope some would stand up for me.                                                                              |\n| Disenfranchised former-maintainers have started [gem.coop][gem-coop].                                                                                             |\n| Once available I will publish there exclusively; unless RubyCentral makes amends with the community.                                                              |\n| The [\"Technology for Humans: Joel Draper\"][reinteractive-podcast] podcast episode by [reinteractive][reinteractive] is the most cogent summary I'm aware of.      |\n| See [here][gem-naming], [here][gem-coop] and [here][martin-ann] for more info on what comes next.                                                                 |\n| What I'm doing: A (WIP) proposal for [bundler/gem scopes][gem-scopes], and a (WIP) proposal for a federated [gem server][gem-server].                             |\n\n[rubygems-org]: https://github.com/rubygems/\n[draper-security]: https://joel.drapper.me/p/ruby-central-security-measures/\n[draper-takeover]: https://joel.drapper.me/p/ruby-central-takeover/\n[ellen-takeover]: https://pup-e.com/blog/goodbye-rubygems/\n[simi-removed]: https://www.reddit.com/r/ruby/s/gOk42POCaV\n[martin-removed]: https://bsky.app/profile/martinemde.com/post/3m3occezxxs2q\n[draper-lies]: https://joel.drapper.me/p/ruby-central-fact-check/\n[draper-theft]: https://joel.drapper.me/p/ruby-central/\n[reinteractive]: https://reinteractive.com/ruby-on-rails\n[gem-coop]: https://gem.coop\n[gem-naming]: https://github.com/gem-coop/gem.coop/issues/12\n[martin-ann]: https://martinemde.com/2025/10/05/announcing-gem-coop.html\n[gem-scopes]: https://github.com/galtzo-floss/bundle-namespace\n[gem-server]: https://github.com/galtzo-floss/gem-server\n[reinteractive-podcast]: https://youtu.be/_H4qbtC5qzU?si=BvuBU90R2wAqD2E6\n\n[![Galtzo FLOSS Logo by Aboling0, CC BY-SA 4.0][🖼️galtzo-i]][🖼️galtzo-discord] [![ruby-lang Logo, Yukihiro Matsumoto, Ruby Visual Identity Team, CC BY-SA 2.5][🖼️ruby-lang-i]][🖼️ruby-lang] [![oauth Logo by Chris Messina, CC BY-SA 3.0][🖼️oauth-i]][🖼️oauth]\n\n[🖼️galtzo-i]: https://logos.galtzo.com/assets/images/galtzo-floss/avatar-192px.svg\n[🖼️galtzo-discord]: https://discord.gg/3qme4XHNKN\n[🖼️ruby-lang-i]: https://logos.galtzo.com/assets/images/ruby-lang/avatar-192px.svg\n[🖼️ruby-lang]: https://www.ruby-lang.org/\n[🖼️oauth-i]: https://logos.galtzo.com/assets/images/oauth/avatar-192px.svg\n[🖼️oauth]: https://github.com/ruby-oauth/oauth\n\n# 🔑 Ruby OAuth 1.0 / 1.0a\n\n[![Version][👽versioni]][👽version] [![GitHub tag (latest SemVer)][⛳️tag-img]][⛳️tag] [![License: MIT][📄license-img]][📄license-ref] [![Downloads Rank][👽dl-ranki]][👽dl-rank] [![Open Source Helpers][👽oss-helpi]][👽oss-help] [![CodeCov Test Coverage][🏀codecovi]][🏀codecov] [![Coveralls Test Coverage][🏀coveralls-img]][🏀coveralls] [![QLTY Test Coverage][🏀qlty-covi]][🏀qlty-cov] [![QLTY Maintainability][🏀qlty-mnti]][🏀qlty-mnt] [![CI Heads][🚎3-hd-wfi]][🚎3-hd-wf] [![CI Runtime Dependencies @ HEAD][🚎12-crh-wfi]][🚎12-crh-wf] [![CI Current][🚎11-c-wfi]][🚎11-c-wf] [![CI Truffle Ruby][🚎9-t-wfi]][🚎9-t-wf] [![CI JRuby][🚎10-j-wfi]][🚎10-j-wf] [![Deps Locked][🚎13-🔒️-wfi]][🚎13-🔒️-wf] [![Deps Unlocked][🚎14-🔓️-wfi]][🚎14-🔓️-wf] [![CI Supported][🚎6-s-wfi]][🚎6-s-wf] [![CI Legacy][🚎4-lg-wfi]][🚎4-lg-wf] [![CI Unsupported][🚎7-us-wfi]][🚎7-us-wf] [![CI Ancient][🚎1-an-wfi]][🚎1-an-wf] [![CI Test Coverage][🚎2-cov-wfi]][🚎2-cov-wf] [![CI Style][🚎5-st-wfi]][🚎5-st-wf] [![CodeQL][🖐codeQL-img]][🖐codeQL] [![Apache SkyWalking Eyes License Compatibility Check][🚎15-🪪-wfi]][🚎15-🪪-wf]\n\n`if ci_badges.map(\u0026:color).detect { it != \"green\"}` ☝️ [let me know][🖼️galtzo-discord], as I may have missed the [discord notification][🖼️galtzo-discord].\n\n---\n\n`if ci_badges.map(\u0026:color).all? { it == \"green\"}` 👇️ send money so I can do more of this. FLOSS maintenance is now my full-time job.\n\n[![OpenCollective Backers][🖇osc-backers-i]][🖇osc-backers] [![OpenCollective Sponsors][🖇osc-sponsors-i]][🖇osc-sponsors] [![Sponsor Me on Github][🖇sponsor-img]][🖇sponsor] [![Liberapay Goal Progress][⛳liberapay-img]][⛳liberapay] [![Donate on PayPal][🖇paypal-img]][🖇paypal] [![Buy me a coffee][🖇buyme-small-img]][🖇buyme] [![Donate on Polar][🖇polar-img]][🖇polar] [![Donate at ko-fi.com][🖇kofi-img]][🖇kofi]\n\n## 🌻 Synopsis\n\nOAuth 1.0a is an industry-standard protocol for authorization.\nIt is an update to the original OAuth 1.0 protocol, and is used by many popular services.\n\nThis is a RubyGem for implementing OAuth 1.0 or 1.0a _clients_ and _servers_ in Ruby applications.\nSee the sibling `oauth2` gem for OAuth 2.0, 2.1, \u0026 OIDC clients in Ruby.\n\nAll dependencies of this gem are signed, so it can be installed with a `HighSecurity` profile.\n\n* [OAuth 1.0 Spec][oauth1-spec]\n* [oauth-tty sibling gem][sibling2-gem] is the OAuth 1.0 / 1.0a CLI.\n* [oauth2 sibling gem][sibling-gem] for OAuth 2.0 implementations in Ruby.\n\n[oauth1-spec]: http://oauth.net/core/1.0/\n[sibling-gem]: https://gitlab.com/ruby-oauth/oauth2\n[sibling2-gem]: https://gitlab.com/ruby-oauth/oauth-tty\n\n### OAuth 1.0 vs 1.0a: What this library implements\n\nThis gem targets the OAuth 1.0a behavior (the errata that became RFC 5849), while maintaining compatibility with providers that still behave like classic 1.0.\nHere are the key differences between the two and how this gem handles them:\n\n- oauth_callback\n  - 1.0: Optional in practice; some providers accepted flows without it.\n  - 1.0a: Consumer SHOULD send oauth_callback when obtaining a Request Token, or explicitly use the out-of-band value \"oob\".\n  - This gem: If you do not pass oauth_callback, we default it to \"oob\" (OUT_OF_BAND). You can opt-out by passing exclude_callback: true.\n- oauth_callback_confirmed\n  - 1.0: Not specified.\n  - 1.0a: Service Provider MUST return oauth_callback_confirmed=true with the Request Token response. This mitigates session fixation.\n  - This gem: Parses token responses but does not include oauth_callback_confirmed in the signature base string (it is a response param, not a signed request param).\n- oauth_verifier\n  - 1.0: Not present.\n  - 1.0a: After the user authorizes, the Provider returns an oauth_verifier to the Consumer, and the Consumer MUST include it when exchanging the Request Token for an Access Token.\n  - This gem: Supports oauth_verifier across request helpers and request proxies; pass oauth_verifier to get_access_token in 3‑legged flows.\n\nPractical guidance:\n- For 3‑legged flows, always supply oauth_callback when calling consumer.get_request_token, and include oauth_verifier when calling request_token.get_access_token.\n- For command‑line or non-HTTP clients, use the special OUT_OF_BAND value (\"oob\") as the oauth_callback and prompt the user to paste back the displayed verifier.\n\nReferences: [RFC 5849 (OAuth 1.0)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5849), sections 5–7; [1.0a security errata](https://oauth.net/core/1.0a/).\n\nRuby OAuth has been maintained by a large number of talented\nindividuals over the years.\nThe primary maintainer since 2020 is Peter Boling (@pboling).\n\n## 💡 Info you can shake a stick at\n\n| Tokens to Remember      | [![Gem name][⛳️name-img]][⛳️gem-name] [![Gem namespace][⛳️namespace-img]][⛳️gem-namespace]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |\n|-------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| Works with JRuby        | ![JRuby 9.1 Compat][💎jruby-9.1i] ![JRuby 9.2 Compat][💎jruby-9.2i] ![JRuby 9.3 Compat][💎jruby-9.3i] \u003cbr/\u003e [![JRuby 9.4 Compat][💎jruby-9.4i]][🚎10-j-wf] [![JRuby 10.0 Compat][💎jruby-c-i]][🚎11-c-wf] [![JRuby HEAD Compat][💎jruby-headi]][🚎3-hd-wf]                                                                                                          |\n| Works with Truffle Ruby | ![Truffle Ruby 22.3 Compat][💎truby-22.3i] ![Truffle Ruby 23.0 Compat][💎truby-23.0i] \u003cbr/\u003e [![Truffle Ruby 23.1 Compat][💎truby-23.1i]][🚎9-t-wf] [![Truffle Ruby 24.1 Compat][💎truby-c-i]][🚎11-c-wf]                                                                                                                                                            |\n| Works with MRI Ruby 3   | [![Ruby 3.0 Compat][💎ruby-3.0i]][🚎4-lg-wf] [![Ruby 3.1 Compat][💎ruby-3.1i]][🚎6-s-wf] [![Ruby 3.2 Compat][💎ruby-3.2i]][🚎6-s-wf] [![Ruby 3.3 Compat][💎ruby-3.3i]][🚎6-s-wf] [![Ruby 3.4 Compat][💎ruby-c-i]][🚎11-c-wf] [![Ruby HEAD Compat][💎ruby-headi]][🚎3-hd-wf]                                                                                         |\n| Works with MRI Ruby 2   | [![Ruby 2.3 Compat][💎ruby-2.3i]][🚎1-an-wf] [![Ruby 2.4 Compat][💎ruby-2.4i]][🚎1-an-wf] [![Ruby 2.5 Compat][💎ruby-2.5i]][🚎1-an-wf] [![Ruby 2.6 Compat][💎ruby-2.6i]][🚎7-us-wf] [![Ruby 2.7 Compat][💎ruby-2.7i]][🚎7-us-wf]                              |\n| Support \u0026 Community     | [![Join Me on Daily.dev's RubyFriends][✉️ruby-friends-img]][✉️ruby-friends] [![Live Chat on Discord][✉️discord-invite-img-ftb]][✉️discord-invite] [![Get help from me on Upwork][👨🏼‍🏫expsup-upwork-img]][👨🏼‍🏫expsup-upwork] [![Get help from me on Codementor][👨🏼‍🏫expsup-codementor-img]][👨🏼‍🏫expsup-codementor]                                       |\n| Source                  | [![Source on GitLab.com][📜src-gl-img]][📜src-gl] [![Source on CodeBerg.org][📜src-cb-img]][📜src-cb] [![Source on Github.com][📜src-gh-img]][📜src-gh] [![The best SHA: dQw4w9WgXcQ!][🧮kloc-img]][🧮kloc]                                                                                                                                                         |\n| Documentation           | [![Current release on RubyDoc.info][📜docs-cr-rd-img]][🚎yard-current] [![YARD on Galtzo.com][📜docs-head-rd-img]][🚎yard-head] [![Maintainer Blog][🚂maint-blog-img]][🚂maint-blog] [![GitLab Wiki][📜gl-wiki-img]][📜gl-wiki] [![GitHub Wiki][📜gh-wiki-img]][📜gh-wiki]                                                                                          |\n| Compliance              | [![License: MIT][📄license-img]][📄license-ref] [![Compatible with Apache Software Projects: Verified by SkyWalking Eyes][📄license-compat-img]][📄license-compat] [![📄ilo-declaration-img]][📄ilo-declaration] [![Security Policy][🔐security-img]][🔐security] [![Contributor Covenant 2.1][🪇conduct-img]][🪇conduct] [![SemVer 2.0.0][📌semver-img]][📌semver] |\n| Style                   | [![Enforced Code Style Linter][💎rlts-img]][💎rlts] [![Keep-A-Changelog 1.0.0][📗keep-changelog-img]][📗keep-changelog] [![Gitmoji Commits][📌gitmoji-img]][📌gitmoji] [![Compatibility appraised by: appraisal2][💎appraisal2-img]][💎appraisal2]                                                                                                                  |\n| Maintainer 🎖️          | [![Follow Me on LinkedIn][💖🖇linkedin-img]][💖🖇linkedin] [![Follow Me on Ruby.Social][💖🐘ruby-mast-img]][💖🐘ruby-mast] [![Follow Me on Bluesky][💖🦋bluesky-img]][💖🦋bluesky] [![Contact Maintainer][🚂maint-contact-img]][🚂maint-contact] [![My technical writing][💖💁🏼‍♂️devto-img]][💖💁🏼‍♂️devto]                                                      |\n| `...` 💖                | [![Find Me on WellFound:][💖✌️wellfound-img]][💖✌️wellfound] [![Find Me on CrunchBase][💖💲crunchbase-img]][💖💲crunchbase] [![My LinkTree][💖🌳linktree-img]][💖🌳linktree] [![More About Me][💖💁🏼‍♂️aboutme-img]][💖💁🏼‍♂️aboutme] [🧊][💖🧊berg] [🐙][💖🐙hub]  [🛖][💖🛖hut] [🧪][💖🧪lab]                                                                   |\n\n### Compatibility\n\nCompatible with MRI Ruby 2.3+, and concordant releases of JRuby, and TruffleRuby.\n\n| 🚚 _Amazing_ test matrix was brought to you by | 🔎 appraisal2 🔎 and the color 💚 green 💚             |\n|------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|\n| 👟 Check it out!                               | ✨ [github.com/appraisal-rb/appraisal2][💎appraisal2] ✨ |\n\n### Federated DVCS\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n  \u003csummary\u003eFind this repo on federated forges\u003c/summary\u003e\n\n| Federated [DVCS][💎d-in-dvcs] Repository        | Status                                                                | Issues                    | PRs                      | Wiki                      | CI                       | Discussions                  |\n|-------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|--------------------------|---------------------------|--------------------------|------------------------------|\n| 🧪 [ruby-oauth/oauth on GitLab][📜src-gl]   | The Truth                                                             | [💚][🤝gl-issues]         | [💚][🤝gl-pulls]         | [💚][📜gl-wiki]           | 🐭 Tiny Matrix           | ➖                            |\n| 🧊 [ruby-oauth/oauth on CodeBerg][📜src-cb] | An Ethical Mirror ([Donate][🤝cb-donate])                             | [💚][🤝cb-issues]         | [💚][🤝cb-pulls]         | ➖                         | ⭕️ No Matrix             | ➖                            |\n| 🐙 [ruby-oauth/oauth on GitHub][📜src-gh]   | Another Mirror                                                        | [💚][🤝gh-issues]         | [💚][🤝gh-pulls]         | [💚][📜gh-wiki]           | 💯 Full Matrix           | [💚][gh-discussions]         |\n| 🤼 [OAuth Ruby Google Group][⛳gg-discussions] | \"Active\"                                                              | ➖                         | ➖                        | ➖                         | ➖                        | [💚][⛳gg-discussions]        |\n| 🎮️ [Discord Server][✉️discord-invite]          | [![Live Chat on Discord][✉️discord-invite-img-ftb]][✉️discord-invite] | [Let's][✉️discord-invite] | [talk][✉️discord-invite] | [about][✉️discord-invite] | [this][✉️discord-invite] | [library!][✉️discord-invite] |\n\n\u003c/details\u003e\n\n[gh-discussions]: https://github.com/ruby-oauth/oauth/discussions\n\n### Enterprise Support [![Tidelift](https://tidelift.com/badges/package/rubygems/oauth)](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/rubygems-oauth?utm_source=rubygems-oauth\u0026utm_medium=referral\u0026utm_campaign=readme)\n\nAvailable as part of the Tidelift Subscription.\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n  \u003csummary\u003eNeed enterprise-level guarantees?\u003c/summary\u003e\n\nThe maintainers of this and thousands of other packages are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance for the open source packages you use to build your applications. Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of the exact packages you use.\n\n[![Get help from me on Tidelift][🏙️entsup-tidelift-img]][🏙️entsup-tidelift]\n\n- 💡Subscribe for support guarantees covering _all_ your FLOSS dependencies\n- 💡Tidelift is part of [Sonar][🏙️entsup-tidelift-sonar]\n- 💡Tidelift pays maintainers to maintain the software you depend on!\u003cbr/\u003e📊`@`Pointy Haired Boss: An [enterprise support][🏙️entsup-tidelift] subscription is \"[never gonna let you down][🧮kloc]\", and *supports* open source maintainers\n\nAlternatively:\n\n- [![Live Chat on Discord][✉️discord-invite-img-ftb]][✉️discord-invite]\n- [![Get help from me on Upwork][👨🏼‍🏫expsup-upwork-img]][👨🏼‍🏫expsup-upwork]\n- [![Get help from me on Codementor][👨🏼‍🏫expsup-codementor-img]][👨🏼‍🏫expsup-codementor]\n\n\u003c/details\u003e\n\n## ✨ Installation\n\nInstall the gem and add to the application's Gemfile by executing:\n\n```console\nbundle add oauth\n```\n\nIf bundler is not being used to manage dependencies, install the gem by executing:\n\n```console\ngem install oauth\n```\n\n### 🔒 Secure Installation\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n  \u003csummary\u003eFor Medium or High Security Installations\u003c/summary\u003e\n\nThis gem is cryptographically signed, and has verifiable [SHA-256 and SHA-512][💎SHA_checksums] checksums by\n[stone_checksums][💎stone_checksums]. Be sure the gem you install hasn’t been tampered with\nby following the instructions below.\n\nAdd my public key (if you haven’t already, expires 2045-04-29) as a trusted certificate:\n\n```console\ngem cert --add \u003c(curl -Ls https://raw.github.com/galtzo-floss/certs/main/pboling.pem)\n```\n\nYou only need to do that once.  Then proceed to install with:\n\n```console\ngem install oauth -P HighSecurity\n```\n\nThe `HighSecurity` trust profile will verify signed gems, and not allow the installation of unsigned dependencies.\n\nIf you want to up your security game full-time:\n\n```console\nbundle config set --global trust-policy MediumSecurity\n```\n\n`MediumSecurity` instead of `HighSecurity` is necessary if not all the gems you use are signed.\n\nNOTE: Be prepared to track down certs for signed gems and add them the same way you added mine.\n\n\u003c/details\u003e\n\n## ⚙️ Configuration\n\nThis is a ruby library which is intended to be used in creating Ruby Consumer\nand Service Provider applications. It is NOT a Rails plugin, but could easily\nbe used for the foundation for such a Rails plugin.\n\nThis gem was originally extracted from @pelle's [oauth-plugin](https://github.com/pelle/oauth-plugin)\ngem. After extraction that gem was made to depend on this gem.\n\nUnfortunately, this gem does have some Rails related bits that are\n**optional** to load. You don't need Rails! The Rails bits may be pulled out\ninto a separate gem with the 1.x minor updates of this gem.\n\n## 🔧 Basic Usage\n\n### Extensions\n\n* [oauth-tty (on Gitlab)](https://gitlab.com/ruby-oauth/oauth-tty) ([rubygems.org](https://rubygems.org/gems/oauth-tty))\n\n### Examples\n\nWe need to specify the `oauth_callback` url explicitly, otherwise it defaults to\n\"oob\" (Out of Band)\n\n```ruby\ncallback_url = \"http://127.0.0.1:3000/oauth/callback\"\n```\n\nCreate a new `OAuth::Consumer` instance by passing it a configuration hash:\n\n```ruby\noauth_consumer = OAuth::Consumer.new(\"key\", \"secret\", site: \"https://agree2\")\n```\n\nStart the process by requesting a token\n\n```ruby\nrequest_token = oauth_consumer.get_request_token(oauth_callback: callback_url)\n\nsession[:token] = request_token.token\nsession[:token_secret] = request_token.secret\nredirect_to request_token.authorize_url(oauth_callback: callback_url)\n```\n\nWhen user returns create an access_token\n\n```ruby\nhash = {oauth_token: session[:token], oauth_token_secret: session[:token_secret]}\nrequest_token = OAuth::RequestToken.from_hash(oauth_consumer, hash)\naccess_token = request_token.get_access_token\n# For 3-legged authorization, flow oauth_verifier is passed as param in callback\n# access_token = request_token.get_access_token(oauth_verifier: params[:oauth_verifier])\n@photos = access_token.get(\"/photos.xml\")\n```\n\nNow that you have an access token, you can use Typhoeus to interact with the\nOAuth provider if you choose.\n\n```ruby\nrequire \"typhoeus\"\nrequire \"oauth/request_proxy/typhoeus_request\"\noauth_params = {consumer: oauth_consumer, token: access_token}\nhydra = Typhoeus::Hydra.new\nreq = Typhoeus::Request.new(uri, options) # :method needs to be specified in options\noauth_helper = OAuth::Client::Helper.new(req, oauth_params.merge(request_uri: uri))\nreq.options[:headers][\"Authorization\"] = oauth_helper.header # Signs the request\nhydra.queue(req)\nhydra.run\n@response = req.response\n```\n\n### More Information\n\n* RubyDoc Documentation: [![RubyDoc.info][🚎yard-img]][🚎yard]\n* Mailing List/Google Group: [![Mailing List][⛳mail-list-img]][⛳mail-list]\n* Live Chat on Gitter: [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/ruby-oauth/oauth-ruby][🏘chat-img]][🏘chat]\n* Maintainer's Blog: [![Blog][🚎blog-img]][🚎blog]\n\n## 🦷 FLOSS Funding\n\nWhile ruby-oauth tools are free software and will always be, the project would benefit immensely from some funding.\nRaising a monthly budget of... \"dollars\" would make the project more sustainable.\n\nWe welcome both individual and corporate sponsors! We also offer a\nwide array of funding channels to account for your preferences\n(although currently [Open Collective][🖇osc] is our preferred funding platform).\n\n**If you're working in a company that's making significant use of ruby-oauth tools we'd\nappreciate it if you suggest to your company to become a ruby-oauth sponsor.**\n\nYou can support the development of ruby-oauth tools via\n[GitHub Sponsors][🖇sponsor],\n[Liberapay][⛳liberapay],\n[PayPal][🖇paypal],\n[Open Collective][🖇osc]\nand [Tidelift][🏙️entsup-tidelift].\n\n| 📍 NOTE                                                                                                                                                                                                              |\n|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| If doing a sponsorship in the form of donation is problematic for your company \u003cbr/\u003e from an accounting standpoint, we'd recommend the use of Tidelift, \u003cbr/\u003e where you can get a support-like subscription instead. |\n\n### Open Collective for Individuals\n\nSupport us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities. [[Become a backer](https://opencollective.com/ruby-oauth#backer)]\n\nNOTE: [kettle-readme-backers][kettle-readme-backers] updates this list every day, automatically.\n\n\u003c!-- OPENCOLLECTIVE-INDIVIDUALS:START --\u003e\nNo backers yet. Be the first!\n\u003c!-- OPENCOLLECTIVE-INDIVIDUALS:END --\u003e\n\n### Open Collective for Organizations\n\nBecome a sponsor and get your logo on our README on GitHub with a link to your site. [[Become a sponsor](https://opencollective.com/ruby-oauth#sponsor)]\n\nNOTE: [kettle-readme-backers][kettle-readme-backers] updates this list every day, automatically.\n\n\u003c!-- OPENCOLLECTIVE-ORGANIZATIONS:START --\u003e\nNo sponsors yet. Be the first!\n\n### Open Collective for Donors\n\n[Bill Woika](https://opencollective.com/bill-woika)\n\u003c!-- OPENCOLLECTIVE-ORGANIZATIONS:END --\u003e\n\n[kettle-readme-backers]: https://github.com/ruby-oauth/oauth/blob/main/exe/kettle-readme-backers\n\n### Another way to support open-source\n\nI’m driven by a passion to foster a thriving open-source community – a space where people can tackle complex problems, no matter how small.  Revitalizing libraries that have fallen into disrepair, and building new libraries focused on solving real-world challenges, are my passions.  I was recently affected by layoffs, and the tech jobs market is unwelcoming. I’m reaching out here because your support would significantly aid my efforts to provide for my family, and my farm (11 🐔 chickens, 2 🐶 dogs, 3 🐰 rabbits, 8 🐈‍ cats).\n\nIf you work at a company that uses my work, please encourage them to support me as a corporate sponsor. My work on gems you use might show up in `bundle fund`.\n\nI’m developing a new library, [floss_funding][🖇floss-funding-gem], designed to empower open-source developers like myself to get paid for the work we do, in a sustainable way. Please give it a look.\n\n**[Floss-Funding.dev][🖇floss-funding.dev]: 👉️ No network calls. 👉️ No tracking. 👉️ No oversight. 👉️ Minimal crypto hashing. 💡 Easily disabled nags**\n\n[![OpenCollective Backers][🖇osc-backers-i]][🖇osc-backers] [![OpenCollective Sponsors][🖇osc-sponsors-i]][🖇osc-sponsors] [![Sponsor Me on Github][🖇sponsor-img]][🖇sponsor] [![Liberapay Goal Progress][⛳liberapay-img]][⛳liberapay] [![Donate on PayPal][🖇paypal-img]][🖇paypal] [![Buy me a coffee][🖇buyme-small-img]][🖇buyme] [![Donate on Polar][🖇polar-img]][🖇polar] [![Donate to my FLOSS efforts at ko-fi.com][🖇kofi-img]][🖇kofi] [![Donate to my FLOSS efforts using Patreon][🖇patreon-img]][🖇patreon]\n\n## 🔐 Security\n\nSee [SECURITY.md][🔐security].\n\n## 🤝 Contributing\n\nIf you need some ideas of where to help, you could work on adding more code coverage,\nor if it is already 💯 (see [below](#code-coverage)) check [reek](REEK), [issues][🤝gh-issues], or [PRs][🤝gh-pulls],\nor use the gem and think about how it could be better.\n\nWe [![Keep A Changelog][📗keep-changelog-img]][📗keep-changelog] so if you make changes, remember to update it.\n\nSee [CONTRIBUTING.md][🤝contributing] for more detailed instructions.\n\n### 🚀 Release Instructions\n\nSee [CONTRIBUTING.md][🤝contributing].\n\n### Code Coverage\n\n[![Coverage Graph][🏀codecov-g]][🏀codecov]\n\n[![Coveralls Test Coverage][🏀coveralls-img]][🏀coveralls]\n\n[![QLTY Test Coverage][🏀qlty-covi]][🏀qlty-cov]\n\n### 🪇 Code of Conduct\n\nEveryone interacting with this project's codebases, issue trackers,\nchat rooms and mailing lists agrees to follow the [![Contributor Covenant 2.1][🪇conduct-img]][🪇conduct].\n\n## 🌈 Contributors\n\n[![Contributors][🖐contributors-img]][🖐contributors]\n\nMade with [contributors-img][🖐contrib-rocks].\n\nAlso see GitLab Contributors: [https://gitlab.com/ruby-oauth/oauth/-/graphs/main][🚎contributors-gl]\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e⭐️ Star History\u003c/summary\u003e\n\n\u003ca href=\"https://star-history.com/#ruby-oauth/oauth\u0026Date\"\u003e\n \u003cpicture\u003e\n   \u003csource media=\"(prefers-color-scheme: dark)\" srcset=\"https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=ruby-oauth/oauth\u0026type=Date\u0026theme=dark\" /\u003e\n   \u003csource media=\"(prefers-color-scheme: light)\" srcset=\"https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=ruby-oauth/oauth\u0026type=Date\" /\u003e\n   \u003cimg alt=\"Star History Chart\" src=\"https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=ruby-oauth/oauth\u0026type=Date\" /\u003e\n \u003c/picture\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\n\n\u003c/details\u003e\n\n## 📌 Versioning\n\nThis Library adheres to [![Semantic Versioning 2.0.0][📌semver-img]][📌semver].\nViolations of this scheme should be reported as bugs.\nSpecifically, if a minor or patch version is released that breaks backward compatibility,\na new version should be immediately released that restores compatibility.\nBreaking changes to the public API will only be introduced with new major versions.\n\n\u003e dropping support for a platform is both obviously and objectively a breaking change \u003cbr/\u003e\n\u003e—Jordan Harband ([@ljharb](https://github.com/ljharb), maintainer of SemVer) [in SemVer issue 716][📌semver-breaking]\n\nI understand that policy doesn't work universally (\"exceptions to every rule!\"),\nbut it is the policy here.\nAs such, in many cases it is good to specify a dependency on this library using\nthe [Pessimistic Version Constraint][📌pvc] with two digits of precision.\n\nFor example:\n\n```ruby\nspec.add_dependency(\"oauth\", \"~\u003e 1.0\")\n```\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e📌 Is \"Platform Support\" part of the public API? More details inside.\u003c/summary\u003e\n\nSemVer should, IMO, but doesn't explicitly, say that dropping support for specific Platforms\nis a *breaking change* to an API.\nIt is obvious to many, but not all, and since the spec is silent, the bike shedding is endless.\n\nTo get a better understanding of how SemVer is intended to work over a project's lifetime,\nread this article from the creator of SemVer:\n\n- [\"Major Version Numbers are Not Sacred\"][📌major-versions-not-sacred]\n\n\u003c/details\u003e\n\nSee [CHANGELOG.md][📌changelog] for a list of releases.\n\n## 📄 License\n\nThe gem is available as open source under the terms of\nthe [MIT License][📄license] [![License: MIT][📄license-img]][📄license-ref].\nSee [LICENSE.txt][📄license] for the official [Copyright Notice][📄copyright-notice-explainer].\n\n### © Copyright\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n        Copyright (c) 2020-2022, 2024-2025 Peter H. Boling, of\n        \u003ca href=\"https://discord.gg/3qme4XHNKN\"\u003e\n            Galtzo.com\n            \u003cpicture\u003e\n              \u003cimg src=\"https://logos.galtzo.com/assets/images/galtzo-floss/avatar-128px-blank.svg\" alt=\"Galtzo.com Logo (Wordless) by Aboling0, CC BY-SA 4.0\" width=\"24\"\u003e\n            \u003c/picture\u003e\n        \u003c/a\u003e, and oauth contributors.\n    \u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003e\n        Copyright (c) 2007-2012, 2016-2017 Blaine Cook, Larry Halff, Pelle Braendgaard\n    \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n## 🤑 A request for help\n\nMaintainers have teeth and need to pay their dentists.\nAfter getting laid off in an RIF in March, and encountering difficulty finding a new one,\nI began spending most of my time building open source tools.\nI'm hoping to be able to pay for my kids' health insurance this month,\nso if you value the work I am doing, I need your support.\nPlease consider sponsoring me or the project.\n\nTo join the community or get help 👇️ Join the Discord.\n\n[![Live Chat on Discord][✉️discord-invite-img-ftb]][✉️discord-invite]\n\nTo say \"thanks!\" ☝️ Join the Discord or 👇️ send money.\n\n[![Sponsor ruby-oauth/oauth on Open Source Collective][🖇osc-all-bottom-img]][🖇osc] 💌 [![Sponsor me on GitHub Sponsors][🖇sponsor-bottom-img]][🖇sponsor] 💌 [![Sponsor me on Liberapay][⛳liberapay-bottom-img]][⛳liberapay] 💌 [![Donate on PayPal][🖇paypal-bottom-img]][🖇paypal]\n\n### Please give the project a star ⭐ ♥.\n\nThanks for RTFM. ☺️\n\n[⛳liberapay-img]: https://img.shields.io/liberapay/goal/pboling.svg?logo=liberapay\u0026color=a51611\u0026style=flat\n[⛳liberapay-bottom-img]: https://img.shields.io/liberapay/goal/pboling.svg?style=for-the-badge\u0026logo=liberapay\u0026color=a51611\n[⛳liberapay]: https://liberapay.com/pboling/donate\n[🖇osc-all-img]: https://img.shields.io/opencollective/all/ruby-oauth\n[🖇osc-sponsors-img]: https://img.shields.io/opencollective/sponsors/ruby-oauth\n[🖇osc-backers-img]: https://img.shields.io/opencollective/backers/ruby-oauth\n[🖇osc-backers]: https://opencollective.com/ruby-oauth#backer\n[🖇osc-backers-i]: https://opencollective.com/ruby-oauth/backers/badge.svg?style=flat\n[🖇osc-sponsors]: https://opencollective.com/ruby-oauth#sponsor\n[🖇osc-sponsors-i]: https://opencollective.com/ruby-oauth/sponsors/badge.svg?style=flat\n[🖇osc-all-bottom-img]: https://img.shields.io/opencollective/all/ruby-oauth?style=for-the-badge\n[🖇osc-sponsors-bottom-img]: https://img.shields.io/opencollective/sponsors/ruby-oauth?style=for-the-badge\n[🖇osc-backers-bottom-img]: https://img.shields.io/opencollective/backers/ruby-oauth?style=for-the-badge\n[🖇osc]: https://opencollective.com/ruby-oauth\n[🖇sponsor-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Sponsor_Me!-pboling.svg?style=social\u0026logo=github\n[🖇sponsor-bottom-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/Sponsor_Me!-pboling-blue?style=for-the-badge\u0026logo=github\n[🖇sponsor]: https://github.com/sponsors/pboling\n[🖇polar-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/polar-donate-a51611.svg?style=flat\n[🖇polar]: https://polar.sh/pboling\n[🖇kofi-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/ko--fi-%E2%9C%93-a51611.svg?style=flat\n[🖇kofi]: https://ko-fi.com/O5O86SNP4\n[🖇patreon-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/patreon-donate-a51611.svg?style=flat\n[🖇patreon]: https://patreon.com/galtzo\n[🖇buyme-small-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/buy_me_a_coffee-%E2%9C%93-a51611.svg?style=flat\n[🖇buyme-img]: https://img.buymeacoffee.com/button-api/?text=Buy%20me%20a%20latte\u0026emoji=\u0026slug=pboling\u0026button_colour=FFDD00\u0026font_colour=000000\u0026font_family=Cookie\u0026outline_colour=000000\u0026coffee_colour=ffffff\n[🖇buyme]: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/pboling\n[🖇paypal-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/donate-paypal-a51611.svg?style=flat\u0026logo=paypal\n[🖇paypal-bottom-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/donate-paypal-a51611.svg?style=for-the-badge\u0026logo=paypal\u0026color=0A0A0A\n[🖇paypal]: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/peterboling\n[🖇floss-funding.dev]: https://floss-funding.dev\n[🖇floss-funding-gem]: https://github.com/galtzo-floss/floss_funding\n[✉️discord-invite]: https://discord.gg/3qme4XHNKN\n[✉️discord-invite-img-ftb]: https://img.shields.io/discord/1373797679469170758?style=for-the-badge\u0026logo=discord\n[✉️ruby-friends-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/daily.dev-%F0%9F%92%8E_Ruby_Friends-0A0A0A?style=for-the-badge\u0026logo=dailydotdev\u0026logoColor=white\n[✉️ruby-friends]: https://app.daily.dev/squads/rubyfriends\n\n[✇bundle-group-pattern]: https://gist.github.com/pboling/4564780\n[⛳️gem-namespace]: https://github.com/ruby-oauth/oauth\n[⛳️namespace-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/namespace-Oauth-3C2D2D.svg?style=square\u0026logo=ruby\u0026logoColor=white\n[⛳️gem-name]: https://bestgems.org/gems/oauth\n[⛳️name-img]: https://img.shields.io/badge/name-oauth-3C2D2D.svg?style=square\u0026logo=rubygems\u0026logoColor=red\n[⛳️tag-img]: 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