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tools"],"sub_categories":["Build system"],"readme":"# cargo-make\n\n[![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/cargo-make.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-make)\n[![CI](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/workflows/CI/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/actions)\n[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/sagiegurari/cargo-make/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/sagiegurari/cargo-make)\n[![license](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/cargo-make.svg)](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/blob/master/LICENSE)\n[![Crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/d/cargo-make?label=cargo%20installs)](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-make)\n[![GitHub All Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/sagiegurari/cargo-make/total?label=binary%20downloads)](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/releases)\n[![Built with cargo-make](https://sagiegurari.github.io/cargo-make/assets/badges/cargo-make.svg)](https://sagiegurari.github.io/cargo-make)\n\n\u003e [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/) task runner and build tool.\n\n* [Overview](#overview)\n* [Installation](#installation)\n    * [Arch Linux](#installation-arch-linux)\n    * [Binary Release](#installation-binary-release)\n* [Usage](#usage)\n    * [Simple Example](#usage-simple)\n    * [Tasks, Dependencies, and Aliases](#usage-task-dependencies-alias)\n    * [Commands, Scripts, and Sub Tasks](#usage-task-command-script-task)\n        * [Sub Task](#usage-task-command-script-task-examplesubtask)\n        * [Command](#usage-task-command-script-task-examplecommand)\n        * [Script](#usage-task-command-script-task-examplescript)\n        * [Duckscript](#usage-task-command-script-task-exampleduckscript)\n        * [Rust Code](#usage-task-command-script-task-examplerust)\n        * [Cross Platform Shell](#usage-task-command-script-task-exampleshell2batch)\n        * [Other Programming Languages](#usage-task-command-script-task-examplegeneric)\n        * [Shebang Support](#usage-task-command-script-task-exampleshebang)\n    * [Default Tasks and Extending](#usage-default-tasks)\n        * [Extending External Makefiles](#usage-workspace-extending-external-makefile)\n        * [Automatically Extend Workspace Makefile](#usage-workspace-extend)\n        * [Load Scripts](#usage-load-scripts)\n        * [Predefined Makefiles](#usage-predefined-makefiles)\n        * [The Default Task](#usage-default-task)\n    * [Extending Tasks](#usage-extending-tasks)\n        * [Task Override](#usage-task-override)\n        * [Platform Override](#usage-platform-override)\n        * [Extend Attribute](#usage-task-extend-attribute)\n    * [Environment Variables](#usage-env)\n        * [Declaration](#env-declaration)\n        * [Global Configuration](#usage-env-config)\n        * [Task](#usage-env-task)\n        * [Command Line](#usage-env-cli)\n        * [Env File](#usage-env-file)\n        * [Env Setup Scripts](#usage-env-setup-scripts)\n        * [Loading Order](#usage-env-vars-loading-order)\n        * [Note about Ordering](#env-note-about-ordering)\n        * [Global](#usage-env-global)\n    * [Setting Up Working Directory](#usage-setting-up-working-directory)\n    * [Ignoring Errors](#usage-ignoring-errors)\n    * [Conditions](#usage-conditions)\n        * [Criteria](#usage-conditions-structure)\n        * [Scripts](#usage-conditions-script)\n        * [And/Or/Group Or](#usage-conditions-and-or)\n        * [Combining Conditions and Sub Tasks](#usage-conditions-and-subtasks)\n        * [Running Tasks Only If Sources Changed](#usage-running-tasks-only-if-sources-changed)\n    * [Installing Dependencies](#usage-installing-dependencies)\n        * [Cargo Plugins](#usage-installing-cargo-plugins)\n        * [Crates](#usage-installing-crates)\n        * [Rustup Components](#usage-installing-rustup-components)\n        * [Native Dependencies](#usage-installing-native-dependencies)\n        * [Defining Version](#usage-installing-version)\n        * [Global Lock Of Versions](#usage-installing-locked)\n        * [Alternate Cargo Install Commands](#usage-installing-alternate-cargo-install-commands)\n        * [Installation Priorities](#usage-installing-dependencies-priorities)\n        * [Multiple Installations](#usage-installing-dependencies-multiple)\n    * [Workspace Support](#usage-workspace-support)\n        * [Disabling Workspace Support](#usage-workspace-disabling-workspace-support)\n        * [Composite Flow](#usage-workspace-composite-flow)\n        * [Profiles](#usage-workspace-profiles)\n        * [Skipping/Including Specific Members](#usage-workspace-support-skip-include-members)\n        * [Workspace Emulation](#usage-workspace-emulation)\n    * [Toolchain](#usage-toolchain)\n    * [Init and End tasks](#usage-init-end-tasks)\n    * [Catching Errors](#usage-catching-errors)\n    * [Cargo Alias Tasks](#usage-cargo-alias-tasks)\n    * [Profiles](#usage-profiles)\n        * [Environment Variables](#usage-profiles-env)\n        * [Conditions](#usage-profiles-conditions)\n        * [Built In Profiles](#usage-profiles-built-in)\n    * [Private Tasks](#usage-private-tasks)\n    * [Deprecated Tasks](#usage-deprecated-tasks)\n    * [Watch](#usage-watch)\n        * [Running Multiple Blocking Watches](#usage-watch-running-multiple-blocking-watches)\n    * [Functions](#usage-functions)\n        * [Split](#usage-functions-split)\n        * [GetAt](#usage-functions-getat)\n        * [Remove Empty](#usage-functions-remove-empty)\n        * [Trim](#usage-functions-trim)\n        * [Decode](#usage-functions-decode)\n    * [Continuous Integration](#usage-ci)\n        * [Github Actions](#usage-ci-github-actions)\n        * [Travis](#usage-ci-travis)\n        * [AppVeyor](#usage-ci-appveyor)\n        * [GitLab](#usage-ci-gitlab)\n        * [CircleCI](#usage-ci-circleci)\n        * [Azure Pipelines](#usage-ci-azure-pipelines)\n        * [drone.io](#usage-ci-drone-io)\n        * [Cirrus CI](#usage-ci-cirrus)\n    * [Predefined Flows](#usage-predefined-flows)\n        * [Coverage](#usage-predefined-flows-coverage)\n        * [Full List](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/blob/master/docs/cargo_make_task_list.md)\n        * [Disabling Predefined Tasks/Flows](#usage-predefined-flows-disable)\n        * [Modifying Predefined Tasks/Flows](#usage-predefined-flows-modify)\n    * [Minimal Version](#usage-min-version)\n    * [Performance Tuning](#usage-performance-tuning)\n    * [Command Groups (Subcommands)](#usage-command-groups)\n    * [Diff Changes](#usage-diff-changes)\n    * [Unstable Features](#usage-unstable-features)\n    * [CLI Options](#usage-cli)\n    * [Plugins](#usage-plugins)\n        * [Defining Plugins](#usage-plugins-defining-plugins)\n        * [Plugin SDK](#usage-plugins-plugin-sdk)\n        * [Plugin Example - Docker Integration](#usage-plugins-plugin-example-dockerize)\n        * [Plugin Example - Run workspace members in parallel](#usage-plugins-plugin-example-parallel-workspace-members)\n        * [Plugin Example - load Env From Rust Script](#usage-plugins-plugin-example-rustenv)\n        * [Plugin Example - Adding Simpler Windows Powershell Support](#usage-plugins-plugin-example-powershell)\n    * [Shell Completion](#usage-shell-completion)\n        * [Bash](#usage-shell-completion-bash)\n        * [zsh](#usage-shell-completion-zsh)\n        * [Zsh Task Completion](usage-task-completion-zsh)\n        * [Fig / Amazon CodeWhisperer for command line](#usage-shell-completion-fig)\n    * [Global Configuration](#cargo-make-global-config)\n* [Makefile Definition](#descriptor-definition)\n* [Task Naming Conventions](#task-name-conventions)\n* [Articles](#articles)\n    * [Introduction and Basics](https://medium.com/@sagiegurari/automating-your-rust-workflows-with-cargo-make-part-1-of-5-introduction-and-basics-b19ced7e7057)\n    * [Extending Tasks, Platform Overrides, and Aliases](https://medium.com/@sagiegurari/automating-your-rust-workflows-with-cargo-make-part-2-of-5-extending-tasks-platform-overrides-1527386dcf87)\n    * [Environment Variables, Conditions, Sub Tasks, and Mixing](https://medium.com/@sagiegurari/automating-your-rust-workflows-with-cargo-make-part-3-of-5-environment-variables-conditions-3c740a837a01)\n    * [Workspace Support, Init/End Tasks, and Makefiles](https://medium.com/@sagiegurari/automating-your-rust-workflows-with-cargo-make-part-4-of-5-workspace-support-init-end-tasks-c3e738699421)\n    * [Predefined Tasks, CI Support, and Conventions](https://medium.com/@sagiegurari/automating-your-rust-workflows-with-cargo-make-part-5-final-predefined-tasks-ci-support-and-4594812e57da)\n* [Badge](#badge)\n* [Roadmap](#roadmap)\n* [Editor Support](#editor-support)\n    * [vim](#editor-support-vim)\n    * [vs-code](#editor-support-vs-code)\n* [Contributing](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)\n* [Release History](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)\n* [License](#license)\n\n\u003ca name=\"overview\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n## Overview\nThe cargo-make task runner enables to define and configure sets of tasks and run them as a flow.\u003cbr\u003e\nA task is a command, script, rust code, or other sub tasks to execute.\u003cbr\u003e\nTasks can have dependencies which are also tasks that will be executed before the task itself.\u003cbr\u003e\nWith a simple toml based configuration file, you can define a multi platform build script that can run build, test, generate documentation, run bench tests, run security validations and more, executed by running a single command.\n\n\u003ca name=\"installation\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n## Installation\nIn order to install, just run the following command\n\n```sh\ncargo install --force cargo-make\n```\n\nThis will install cargo-make in your `~/.cargo/bin`.\u003cbr\u003e\nMake sure to add `~/.cargo/bin` directory to your `PATH` variable.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nYou will have two executables available: *`cargo-make`* and *`makers`*\u003cbr\u003e\n\n* **cargo-make** - This is a cargo plugin invoked using **cargo make ...**\n* **makers** - A standalone executable which provides same features and cli arguments as cargo-make, but is invoked directly and not as a cargo plugin.\n\nSee [Cli Options](#usage-cli) section for full CLI instructions.\n\nIn order to install with minimal features (for example, no TLS support), run the following:\n\n```sh\ncargo install --no-default-features --force cargo-make\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"installation-arch-linux\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Arch Linux\n\n```sh\nsudo pacman -S cargo-make\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"installation-binary-release\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Binary Release\nBinary releases are available in the [github releases page](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/releases).\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following binaries are available for each release:\n\n* x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu\n* x86_64-unknown-linux-musl\n* x86_64-apple-darwin\n* x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\n* aarch64-apple-darwin\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n## Usage\nWhen using cargo-make, all tasks are defined and configured via toml files.\u003cbr\u003e\nBelow are simple instructions to get you started off quickly.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-simple\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Simple Example\nIn order to run a set of tasks, you first must define them in a toml file.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example, if we would like to have a script which:\n\n* Formats the code\n* Cleans old target directory\n* Runs build\n* Runs tests\n\nBy default, cargo-make reads tasks from `Makefile.toml` if it exists.\n\nWe will create a `Makefile.toml` file as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.format]\ninstall_crate = \"rustfmt\"\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"fmt\", \"--\", \"--emit=files\"]\n\n[tasks.clean]\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"clean\"]\n\n[tasks.build]\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"build\"]\ndependencies = [\"clean\"]\n\n[tasks.test]\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"test\"]\ndependencies = [\"clean\"]\n\n[tasks.my-flow]\ndependencies = [\n    \"format\",\n    \"build\",\n    \"test\"\n]\n```\n\nWe would execute the flow with the following command:\n\n```sh\ncargo make my-flow\n```\n\nThe output would look something like this:\n\n```console\n[cargo-make] INFO - cargo make 0.37.24\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build File: Makefile.toml\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: my-flow\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: format\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"cargo\" \"fmt\" \"--\" \"--emit=files\"\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: clean\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"cargo\" \"clean\"\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: build\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"cargo\" \"build\"\n   Compiling bitflags v0.9.1\n   Compiling unicode-width v0.1.4\n   Compiling quote v0.3.15\n   Compiling unicode-segmentation v1.1.0\n   Compiling strsim v0.6.0\n   Compiling libc v0.2.24\n   Compiling serde v1.0.8\n   Compiling vec_map v0.8.0\n   Compiling ansi_term v0.9.0\n   Compiling unicode-xid v0.0.4\n   Compiling synom v0.11.3\n   Compiling rand v0.3.15\n   Compiling term_size v0.3.0\n   Compiling atty v0.2.2\n   Compiling syn v0.11.11\n   Compiling textwrap v0.6.0\n   Compiling clap v2.25.0\n   Compiling serde_derive_internals v0.15.1\n   Compiling toml v0.4.2\n   Compiling serde_derive v1.0.8\n   Compiling cargo-make v0.1.2 (file:///home/ubuntu/workspace)\n    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 79.75 secs\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: test\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"cargo\" \"test\"\n   Compiling cargo-make v0.1.2 (file:///home/ubuntu/workspace)\n    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 5.1 secs\n     Running target/debug/deps/cargo_make-d5f8d30d73043ede\n\nrunning 10 tests\ntest log::tests::create_info ... ok\ntest log::tests::get_level_error ... ok\ntest log::tests::create_verbose ... ok\ntest log::tests::get_level_info ... ok\ntest log::tests::get_level_other ... ok\ntest log::tests::get_level_verbose ... ok\ntest installer::tests::is_crate_installed_false ... ok\ntest installer::tests::is_crate_installed_true ... ok\ntest command::tests::validate_exit_code_error ... ok\ntest log::tests::create_error ... ok\n\ntest result: ok. 10 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out\n\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: my-flow\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build done in 72 seconds.\n```\n\nWe now created a build script that can run on any platform.\n\nThe tasks can be stored in any toml file.  Invoke cargo-make with `--makefile other-filename.toml`\nto start processing using `other-filename.toml`.\n\n**cargo-make can be invoked as a cargo plugin via `cargo make` command, _or_ as a standalone executable via `makers` command.**\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n**Important Note: if you are running this example in a cargo workspace, you will need to add the following to the top of the file:**\u003cbr\u003e\n\n```toml\n[env]\nCARGO_MAKE_EXTEND_WORKSPACE_MAKEFILE = true\n```\n**More on workspace support in the relevant sections in this document.**\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-dependencies-alias\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Tasks, Dependencies, and Aliases\nIn many cases, certain tasks depend on other tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example you would like to format the code before running build and run the build before running tests.\u003cbr\u003e\nSuch flow can be defined as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.format]\ninstall_crate = \"rustfmt\"\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"fmt\", \"--\", \"--emit=files\"]\n\n[tasks.build]\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"build\"]\ndependencies = [\"format\"]\n\n[tasks.test]\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"test\"]\ndependencies = [\"build\"]\n```\n\nWhen you run:\n\n```sh\ncargo make --makefile ./my_build.toml test\n```\n\nIt will try to run test, see that it has dependencies and those have other dependencies.\u003cbr\u003e\nTherefore it will create an execution plan for the tasks based on the tasks and their dependencies.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn our case it will invoke format -\u003e build -\u003e test.\u003cbr\u003e\n\nThe same task will never be executed twice. So, if we have, for example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.A]\ndependencies = [\"B\", \"C\"]\n\n[tasks.B]\ndependencies = [\"D\"]\n\n[tasks.C]\ndependencies = [\"D\"]\n\n[tasks.D]\nscript = \"echo hello\"\n```\n\nIn this example, A depends on B and C, and both B and C are dependent on D.\u003cbr\u003e\nTask D, however, will not be invoked twice.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe output of the execution will look something like this:\n\n```console\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: A\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: D\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"sh\" \"/tmp/cargo-make/CNuU47tIix.sh\"\nhello\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: B\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: C\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: A\n```\n\nAs you can see, 'hello' was printed once by task D as it was only invoked once.\u003cbr\u003e\nBut what if we want to run D twice?\u003cbr\u003e\nSimple answer would be to duplicate task D, have B depend on D, and C depend on D2, which is a copy of D.\u003cbr\u003e\nBut duplicating can lead to bugs and to huge makefiles, so we have aliases for that.\u003cbr\u003e\nAn alias task has its own name and points to another task.\u003cbr\u003e\nAll of the definitions of the alias task are ignored.\u003cbr\u003e\nSo now, if we want to have D execute twice, we can do the following:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.A]\ndependencies = [\"B\", \"C\"]\n\n[tasks.B]\ndependencies = [\"D\"]\n\n[tasks.C]\ndependencies = [\"D2\"]\n\n[tasks.D]\nscript = \"echo hello\"\n\n[tasks.D2]\nalias=\"D\"\n```\n\nNow C depends on D2, and D2 is an alias for D.\u003cbr\u003e\nExecution output of such make file would like as follows:\n\n```console\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: A\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: D\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"sh\" \"/tmp/cargo-make/HP0UD7pgoX.sh\"\nhello\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: B\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: D2\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"sh\" \"/tmp/cargo-make/TuuZJkqCE2.sh\"\nhello\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: C\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: A\n```\n\nNow you can see that 'hello' was printed twice.\n\nTasks may also depend on tasks in other files.\nTo do this, specify the dependency with the object format, providing the path.\ncargo-make will use this path as it would any other supplied on the command line:\nIf a filename is supplied, it searches that file.\nOtherwise it search for the default `Makefile.toml` on that path.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.install]\ncommand = \"mv\"\nargs = [\"src/B/out\", \"src/C/static\"]\ndependencies = [\n  { name = \"compile\", path = \"src/B\" },\n  { name = \"clean\", path = \"src/C/tasks.toml\" },\n]\n```\n\n*The run_task attribute will tell a task to invoke another task in a new execution plan. This will also result in dependencies being invoked multiple times.*\n\nIt is also possible to define platform specific aliases, for example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.my_task]\nlinux_alias = \"linux_my_task\"\nwindows_alias = \"windows_my_task\"\nmac_alias = \"mac_my_task\"\n\n[tasks.linux_my_task]\n\n[tasks.mac_my_task]\n\n[tasks.windows_my_task]\n```\n\nIf platform specific alias is found and matches current platform it will take precedence over the non platform alias definition.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.my_task]\nlinux_alias = \"run\"\nalias = \"do_nothing\"\n\n[tasks.run]\nscript = \"echo hello\"\n\n[tasks.do_nothing]\n```\n\nIf you run task **my_task** on windows or mac, it will invoke the **do_nothing** task.\u003cbr\u003e\nHowever, if executed on a linux platform, it will invoke the **run** task.\n\n*As a side note, cargo-make will attempt to invoke the task dependencies in the order that they were defined, unless they are defined also as sub dependencies.*\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-command-script-task\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Commands, Scripts, and Sub Tasks\nThe actual operation that a task invokes can be defined in 3 ways.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe below explains each one:\n\n* **run_task** - Invokes another task with the name defined in this attribute. Unlike dependencies which are invoked before the current task, the task defined in the **run_task** is invoked after the current task.\n* **command** - The command attribute defines what executable to invoke. You can use the **args** attribute to define what command line arguments to provide as part of the command.\n* **script** - Invokes the script. You can change the executable used to invoke the script using the **script_runner** attribute. If not defined, the default platform runner is used (`cmd` for Windows, `sh` for others).\n\nOnly one of the definitions will be used.\u003cbr\u003e\nIf multiple attributes are defined (for example both command and script), the task will fail during invocation.\n\nThe script attribute may hold non OS scripts, for example rust code to be compiled and executed.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn order to use non OS script runners, you must define the special script_runner with the **@** prefix.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following runners are currently supported:\n\n* **@duckscript** - Executes the defined duckscript code. See [example](#usage-task-command-script-task-exampleduckscript)\n* **@rust** - Compiles and executes the defined rust code. See [example](#usage-task-command-script-task-examplerust)\n* **@shell** - For Windows platforms, it will try to convert the shell commands to Windows batch commands (only basic scripts are supported) and execute the script; for other platforms, the script will be executed as-is. See [example](#usage-task-command-script-task-exampleshell2batch)\n\nBelow are some basic examples of each action type.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-command-script-task-examplesubtask\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Sub Task\nIn this example, if we execute the **flow** task, it will invoke the **echo** task defined in the **run_task** attribute.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.echo]\nscript = \"echo hello world\"\n\n[tasks.flow]\nrun_task = \"echo\"\n```\n\nA more complex example below demonstrates the ability to define multiple task names and optional conditions attached to each task.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe **first** task for which the conditions are met (or if no conditions are defined at all), will be invoked.\u003cbr\u003e\nIf no task conditions are met, no sub task will be invoked.\u003cbr\u003e\nMore on conditions can be found the [conditions section](#usage-conditions)\n\n```toml\n[tasks.test1]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"running test1\"]\n\n[tasks.test2]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"running test2\"]\n\n[tasks.test3]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"running test3\"]\n\n[tasks.test-default]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"running test-default\"]\n\n[tasks.test-routing]\nrun_task = [\n    { name = \"test1\", condition = { platforms = [\"windows\", \"linux\"], channels = [\"beta\", \"stable\"] } },\n    { name = \"test2\", condition = { platforms = [\"mac\"], rust_version = { min = \"1.20.0\", max = \"1.30.0\" } } },\n    { name = \"test3\", condition_script = [ \"somecommand\" ] },\n    { name = \"test-default\" }\n]\n```\n\nIt is also possible to run the sub task as a forked sub process using the **fork** attribute.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis prevents any environment changes done in the sub task to impact the rest of the flow in the parent process.\u003cbr\u003e\nExample of invoking the sub task in a forked sub process:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.echo]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"hello world\"]\n\n[tasks.fork-example]\nrun_task = { name = \"echo\", fork = true }\n```\n\nThe **name** attribute can hold either a single task name or a list of tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn case of a list, the tasks would be invoked one after the other in sequence.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example, below **simple-multi** and **routing-multi** both demonstrate different ways to define multi task invocations via **run_task**:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.echo1]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"1\"]\n\n[tasks.echo2]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"2\"]\n\n[tasks.simple-multi]\nrun_task = { name = [\"echo1\", \"echo2\"] }\n\n[tasks.routing-multi]\nrun_task = [\n    { name = [\"echo1\", \"echo2\"] },\n]\n```\n\nYou can also setup a **cleanup** task to run after the sub task even if the sub task failed.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis is only supported in combination with **fork=true** attribute.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\u003cbr\u003e\n\n```toml\n[tasks.echo1]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"1\"]\n\n[tasks.echo2]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"2\"]\n\n[tasks.fail]\nscript =  \"exit 1\"\n\n[tasks.cleanup]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"cleanup\"]\n\n[tasks.cleanup-example]\nrun_task = { name = [\"echo1\", \"echo2\", \"fail\"], fork = true, cleanup_task = \"cleanup\" }\n```\n\nIn order to run multiple tasks in parallel, add **parallel = true** to the `run_task` object.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.echo1]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"1\"]\n\n[tasks.echo2]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"2\"]\n\n[tasks.parallel-multi]\nrun_task = { name = [\"echo1\", \"echo2\"], parallel = true }\n```\n\nThis allows to run independent tasks in parallel and speed up the overall performance of the flow.\u003cbr\u003e\nBe aware that parallel invocation of tasks will cause issues if the following feature are used:\n\n* Setting the task's current working directory via **cwd** attribute will result in all parallel tasks being affected.\n* Avoid using **`CARGO_MAKE_CURRENT_TASK_`** type environment variables as those may hold incorrect values.\n\nIn addition, in some scenarios, child processes may be left as zombie processes.\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is possible to setup a manual cleanup task to resolve it.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-command-script-task-examplecommand\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Command\nWhen running commands, you can also define the command line arguments, as shown in the example below, to invoke the cargo command with the plugin name as a command line argument:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.build-with-verbose]\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"build\", \"--verbose\", \"--all-features\"]\n```\n\nIt is possible to provide environment variables as part of the command and arguments to be replaced in runtime with actual values, for example:\n\n```toml\n[env]\nSIMPLE = \"SIMPLE VALUE\"\nECHO_CMD = \"echo\"\n\n[tasks.expand]\ncommand = \"${ECHO_CMD}\"\nargs = [\n    \"VALUE: ${SIMPLE}\"\n]\n```\n\ncargo-make CLI also supports additional arguments which will be available to all tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following example prints additional arguments:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.varargs]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\n    \"args are:\", \"${@}\"\n]\n```\n\n*For native scripts, use that native script syntax.*\u003cbr\u003e\n*For shell you can use ```${0}``` and for windows: ```%*```*\n\nInvoking cargo-make with additional arguments would result in the following:\n\n```console\n\u003e cargo make varargs arg1 arg2 arg3\n\n[cargo-make] INFO - cargo make 0.37.24\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build File: Makefile.toml\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: varargs\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: init\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: varargs\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"echo\" \"args are:\" \"arg1\" \"arg2\" \"arg3\"\nargs are: arg1 arg2 arg3\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: end\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build Done  in 0 seconds.\n```\n\nInvoking cargo-make without any additional arguments would result in the following:\n\n```console\n\u003e cargo make varargs\n\n[cargo-make] INFO - cargo make 0.37.24\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build File: Makefile.toml\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: varargs\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: init\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: varargs\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"echo\" \"args are:\"\nargs are:\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: end\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build Done  in 0 seconds.\n```\n\nThis can also be used for templating, for example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.varargs]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\n    \"args are:\", \"-o=${@}\"\n]\n```\n\nWould output:\n\n```console\n\u003e cargo make varargs arg1 arg2 arg3\n\n[cargo-make] INFO - cargo make 0.37.24\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build File: Makefile.toml\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: varargs\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: init\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: varargs\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"echo\" \"args are:\" \"arg1\" \"arg2\" \"arg3\"\nargs are: -o=arg1 -o=arg2 -o=arg3\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: end\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build Done  in 0 seconds.\n```\n\nCommand line arguments can also contain [built-in functions](#usage-functions) (see below).\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-command-script-task-examplescript\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Script\nBelow is simple script which prints hello world.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.hello-world]\nscript = [\n    \"echo start...\",\n    \"echo \\\"Hello World From Script\\\"\",\n    \"echo end...\"\n]\n```\n\nYou can use multi-line toml string to make the script more readable as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.hello-world]\nscript = '''\necho start...\necho \"Hello World From Script\"\necho end...\n'''\n```\n\ncargo-make CLI also supports additional arguments which will be available to all tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following example prints additional arguments:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.cli-args]\nscript = \"echo args are: ${@}\"\n```\n\nInvoking cargo-make with additional arguments would result in the following:\n\n```console\n\u003e cargo make cli-args arg1 arg2 arg3\n\n[cargo-make] INFO - cargo make 0.37.24\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build File: Makefile.toml\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: cli-args\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: init\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: cli-args\n+ cd /projects/rust/cargo-make/examples\n+ echo args are: arg1 arg2 arg3\nargs are: arg1 arg2 arg3\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: end\n```\n\nInvoking cargo-make without any additional arguments would result in the following:\n\n```console\n\u003e cargo make cli-args\n\n[cargo-make] INFO - cargo make 0.37.24\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build File: Makefile.toml\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: cli-args\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: init\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: cli-args\n+ cd /projects/rust/cargo-make/examples\n+ echo args are:\nargs are:\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: end\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build Done  in 0 seconds.\n```\n\nIt is also possible to point to an existing script (instead of holding the script text inside the makefile) by using the **file** property as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.hello-world-from-script-file]\nscript = { file = \"script.sh\" }\n```\n\nScript file paths are always relative to the current working directory, unless specified by the **absolute_path** attribute. For example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.hello-world-from-script-file-absolute-path]\nscript = { file = \"${CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY}/script.sh\", absolute_path = true }\n```\n\nFile paths support environment substitution.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n**Favor commands over scripts, as commands support more features such as [automatic dependencies installation](#usage-installing-dependencies), [argument functions](#usage-functions), and more...**\n\nIn order to share common script content among multiple tasks, you can use the script pre/main/post form as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.base-script]\nscript.pre = \"echo start\"\nscript.main = \"echo old\"\nscript.post = \"echo end\"\n\n[tasks.extended-script]\nextend = \"base-script\"\nscript.main = \"echo new\"\n```\n\nRunning extended-script task would print:\n\n```console\nstart\nnew\nend\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-command-script-task-exampleduckscript\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Duckscript\n[Duckscript](https://sagiegurari.github.io/duckscript/) is incredibly simple shell like language which provides cross platform shell scripting capability.\u003cbr\u003e\n[Duckscript](https://sagiegurari.github.io/duckscript/) is embedded inside cargo-make so unlike other scripting solutions or commands, duckscript can change cargo-make environment variables from inside the script.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn addition you can run cargo-make tasks from within duckscript script.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis allows a really powerful two way integration with cargo-make.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.duckscript-example]\nscript_runner = \"@duckscript\"\nscript = '''\ntask_name = get_env CARGO_MAKE_CURRENT_TASK_NAME\necho The currently running cargo make task is: ${task_name}\n\n# since all env vars are auto loaded as duckscript variables by cargo-make\n# you can access them directly\necho The currently running cargo make task is: ${CARGO_MAKE_CURRENT_TASK_NAME}\n\ncd .. # this changes cargo-make current working directory (cargo-make will revert to original directory after script execution)\npwd\nset_env CARGO_MAKE_CURRENT_TASK_NAME tricking_cargo_make\n'''\n```\n\nThe next example shows how to invoke cargo-make tasks from duckscript:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.run-task-from-duckscript]\nscript_runner = \"@duckscript\"\nscript = '''\necho first invocation of echo1 task:\ncm_run_task echo1\necho second invocation of echo1 task:\ncm_run_task echo1\n\necho running task: echo2:\ncm_run_task echo2\n'''\n\n[tasks.echo1]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"1\"]\n\n[tasks.echo2]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"2\"]\n```\n\nSame as OS scripts, the @duckscript runner also supports the cargo-make CLI arguments access.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn addition, all environment variables are preloaded as duckscript variables, and can be directly read from the script. (No need to invoke the **get_env** command!)\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-command-script-task-examplerust\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Rust Code\nIn this example, when the **rust** task is invoked, the **script** content will be compiled and executed.\nYou can see how dependencies are defined in `Cargo.toml` format inside the code.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.rust]\nscript_runner = \"@rust\"\nscript = '''\n//! ```cargo\n//! [dependencies]\n//! envmnt = \"*\"\n//! ```\nfn main() {\n    let value = envmnt::get_or(\"PATH\", \"NO PATH VAR DEFINED\");\n    println!(\"Path Value: {}\", \u0026value);\n}\n'''\n```\n\nSame as OS scripts, the @rust runner also supports the cargo-make CLI arguments access.\u003cbr\u003e\nThere are several different rust script runners currently available:\n\n* [rust-script](https://crates.io/crates/rust-script)\n* [cargo-script](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-script)\n* [cargo-play](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-play)\n\nBy default, rust-script is used, however this can be changed via environment variable **`CARGO_MAKE_RUST_SCRIPT_PROVIDER`** which should hold the crate name.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis enables to define a different runner for each task by setting it in the **env** block of the specific tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.rust-script]\nenv = { \"CARGO_MAKE_RUST_SCRIPT_PROVIDER\" = \"rust-script\" }\nscript_runner = \"@rust\"\nscript = '''\nfn main() {\n    println!(\"test\");\n}\n'''\n\n[tasks.cargo-script]\nenv = { \"CARGO_MAKE_RUST_SCRIPT_PROVIDER\" = \"cargo-script\" }\nscript_runner = \"@rust\"\nscript = '''\nfn main() {\n    println!(\"test\");\n}\n'''\n\n[tasks.cargo-play]\nenv = { \"CARGO_MAKE_RUST_SCRIPT_PROVIDER\" = \"cargo-play\" }\nscript_runner = \"@rust\"\nscript = '''\nfn main() {\n    println!(\"test\");\n}\n'''\n```\n\nKeep in mind that dependencies used by the rust script are defined differently for each runner.\u003cbr\u003e\nPlease see the specific crate docs for learn more.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-command-script-task-exampleshell2batch\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Cross Platform Shell\nIn this example, when the **shell** task is invoked, the **script** content will be automatically converted to Windows batch commands (when running on a Windows platform) and invoked.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.shell]\nscript_runner = \"@shell\"\nscript = '''\nrm ./myfile.txt\n'''\n```\n\nSame as OS scripts, the @shell runner also supports the cargo-make CLI arguments access.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSee [shell2batch](https://github.com/sagiegurari/shell2batch) project for complete set of features.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-command-script-task-examplegeneric\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Other Programming Languages\ncargo-make can also run scripts written in various scripting languages such as Python, Perl, Ruby, Javascript, and more...\u003cbr\u003e\nAny runner which takes the form of **command file** (for example **`python ./program.py`**) is supported.\n\nBelow are few examples:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.python]\nscript_runner = \"python\"\nscript_extension = \"py\"\nscript = '''\nprint(\"Hello, World!\")\n'''\n\n[tasks.perl]\nscript_runner = \"perl\"\nscript_extension = \"pl\"\nscript = '''\nprint \"Hello, World!\\n\";\n'''\n\n[tasks.javascript]\nscript_runner = \"node\"\nscript_extension = \"js\"\nscript = '''\nconsole.log('Hello, World!');\n'''\n\n[tasks.php]\nscript_runner = \"php\"\nscript_extension = \"php\"\nscript = '''\n\u003c?php\necho \"Hello, World!\\n\";\n'''\n\n[tasks.powershell]\nscript_runner = \"powershell\"\nscript_extension = \"ps1\"\nscript = '''\nWrite-Host \"Hello, World!\"\n'''\n```\n\nIn case you need to provider the script runner arguments before the script file, you can use the **script_runner_args** attribute.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.php-with-args]\nscript_runner = \"php\"\nscript_runner_args = [\"-f\"]\nscript_extension = \"php\"\nscript = '''\n\u003c?php\necho \"Hello, World!\\n\";\n'''\n```\n\n*script_runner_args requires script_extension defined as well.*\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-command-script-task-exampleshebang\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Shebang Support\nInstead of defining custom runners via **script_runner** attribute, it's possible to define it in the script shebang line.\n\nIn case of Windows, make sure not to use a runner which doesn't have the **#** character defined as comment (for example, `cmd.exe` does not!), which would lead to an error.\n\nExample task using bash:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.shebang-sh]\nscript = '''\n#!/usr/bin/env bash\necho hello\n'''\n```\n\nOutput:\n\n```console\n\u003e cargo make --cwd ./examples --makefile ./shebang.toml shebang-sh\n[cargo-make] INFO - cargo make 0.37.24\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build File: ./shebang.toml\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: shebang-sh\n[cargo-make] INFO - Profile: development\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: init\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: shebang-sh\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"/usr/bin/env\" \"bash\" \"/tmp/cargo-make/cJf6XEXrL9.sh\"\nhello\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: end\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build Done  in 0 seconds.\n```\n\nExample task using Python:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.shebang-python]\nscript = '''\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\nprint(\"Hello, World!\")\n'''\n```\n\nOutput:\n\n```console\n\u003e cargo make --cwd ./examples --makefile ./shebang.toml shebang-python\n[cargo-make] INFO - cargo make 0.37.24\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build File: ./shebang.toml\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: shebang-python\n[cargo-make] INFO - Profile: development\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: init\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: shebang-python\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"/usr/bin/env\" \"python3\" \"/tmp/cargo-make/Wy3QMJiQaS.sh\"\nHello, World!\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: end\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build Done  in 0 seconds.\n```\n\nAnother trick you can do with shebangs is to define one of the special runners like @duckscript as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.duckscript-shebang-example]\nscript = '''\n#!@duckscript\necho Running duckscript without runner attribute.\n'''\n```\n\nHowever that language must support comments starting with the **#** character.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-default-tasks\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Default Tasks and Extending\nThere is no real need to define some of the basic **build**, **test**, ... tasks that were shown in the previous examples.\u003cbr\u003e\ncargo-make comes with a built-in toml file that will serve as a base for every execution.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe **optional** external toml file that is provided while running cargo-make will only extend and add or overwrite\ntasks that are defined in the [default makefiles](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/blob/master/src/lib/descriptor/makefiles/).\u003cbr\u003e\n\nLet's take the built-in **build** task, defined in the default toml:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.build]\ndescription = \"Runs the rust compiler.\"\ncategory = \"Build\"\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"build\", \"--all-features\"]\n```\n\nIf for example, you would like to add verbose output to it and remove the **--all-features** flag, you would just need to change the args and add the --verbose as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.build]\nargs = [\"build\", \"--verbose\"]\n```\n\nIf you want to disable some existing task (will also disable its dependencies), you can do it as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.build]\ndisabled = true\n```\n\nThere is no need to redefine existing properties of the task, only what needs to be added or overwritten.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe default toml file comes with many steps and flows already built-in, so it is worth it to check it out first.\u003cbr\u003e\n\nIn case you do want to delete all of the original task attributes in your extended task, you can use the **clear** attribute as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.sometask]\nclear = true\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\n    \"extended task\"\n]\n```\n\nYou can also extend additional external files from your external makefile by using the **extend** attribute, for example:\n\n```toml\nextend = \"my_common_makefile.toml\"\n```\n\nThe file path in the **extend** attribute is always relative to the current toml file you are in, not to the process working directory.\n\nThe extend attribute can be very useful when you have a workspace with a `Makefile.toml` that contains all of the common custom tasks and in each project you can have a simple `Makefile.toml` which just has\nthe extend attribute pointing to the workspace makefile.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-workspace-extending-external-makefile\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Extending External Makefiles\nIn order for a makefile to extend additional external files from your external file by using the extend attribute, for example:\n\n```toml\nextend = \"my_common_makefile.toml\"\n```\n\nThe file path in the extend attribute is always relative to the current toml file you are in and not to the process working directory.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe makefile pointed to in the extend attribute must exist or the build will fail.\n\nIn order to define optional extending makefiles, you will need to pass the optional flag in addition to the path as follows:\n\n```toml\nextend = { path = \"does_not_exist_makefile.toml\", optional = true }\n```\n\nYou can also define a list of makefiles to extend from.\u003cbr\u003e\nAll will be loaded in the order you define.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\nextend = [\n  { path = \"alias.toml\" },\n  { path = \"optional_makefile.toml\", optional = true },\n  { path = \"cwd.toml\" },\n]\n```\n\nYou can also change the relative path from the current makefile location to the git root folder, crate root folder or workspace root folder by adding the relative keyword as follows:\n\n```toml\nextend = { path = \"./examples/python.toml\", relative = \"crate\" }\n```\n\nWhere relative can have the following values:\n\n* git - For nearest (up) .git folder location.\n* crate - For crate root (based on first Cargo.toml file)\n* workspace - For workspace root (based on second top Cargo.toml file)\n\nAny other value defaults to the current makefile location.\u003cbr\u003e\nImportant to mention, all paths are relative from the currently parsed makefile.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-workspace-extend\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Automatically Extend Workspace Makefile\nWhen running cargo make for modules which are part of a workspace, you can automatically have the member crates makefile (even if doesn't exist) extend the workspace level makefile.\n\nThe workspace level makefile **env** section must contain the following environment variable (you can also set it via CLI).\n\n```toml\n[env]\nCARGO_MAKE_EXTEND_WORKSPACE_MAKEFILE = true\n```\n\nThis allows you to maintaining a single makefile for the entire workspace but having access to those custom tasks in every member crate.\n\u003cbr\u003e\n**This is only relevant for workspace builds which are triggered in the workspace root.\u003cbr\u003e\nFlows that start directly in the member crate, must manually extend the workspace level makefile using the extend keyword.**\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-load-scripts\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Load Scripts\nIn more complex scenarios, you may want multiple unrelated projects to share some common custom tasks. For example, you may wish to notify some internal company server of the build status.\u003cbr\u003e\nInstead of redefining those tasks in each project, you can create a single toml file with those definitions and have all projects extend that file.\u003cbr\u003e\nHowever, this “extend” functionality only knows to find the such files in the local file system. So, in order to pull some common toml from a remote server, (using `http` or `git clone` and so on...), you can use the load scripts.\n\nLoad scripts are defined in the config section using the **load_script** attribute and are invoked **before** the extend attribute is evaluated.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis allows you to first pull the toml file from the remote server and put it in a location defined by the extend attribute.\n\nHere is an example of a load script which downloads the common toml from a remote server using HTTP:\n\n```toml\n[config]\nload_script = \"wget -O /home/myuser/common.toml companyserver.com/common.toml\"\n```\n\nHere is an example of pulling the common toml file from some git repo:\n\n```toml\n[config]\nload_script = \"git clone git@mygitserver:user/project.git /home/myuser/common\"\n```\n\nYou can run any command or set of commands you want. Therefore, you can build a more complex flow of how and from where to fetch the common toml file, and where to put it.\u003cbr\u003e\nIf needed, you can override the load_script per platform using the **linux_load_script**, **windows_load_script** and **mac_load_script** attributes.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-predefined-makefiles\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Predefined Makefiles\n\nWhile cargo-make comes with many built in tasks, defined in the [default makefiles](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/blob/master/src/lib/descriptor/makefiles/), they are not always relevant for every project.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe [cargo-make-tasks](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make-tasks/) repository holds a collection of additional makefiles that can be loaded and provide replacement tasks for the built in cargo-make tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example the cmake.toml provides cmake related tasks for projects using cmake.\n\nSee the [cargo-make-tasks](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make-tasks/) repository for more information and usage examples.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-default-task\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### The Default Task\n\nWhen invoking the cargo make command without a task name, the default task is invoked.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe default task is actually an alias to another task defined as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.default]\nalias = \"dev-test-flow\"\n```\n\nThere are multiple ways to define the default task differently, for example:\n\n* Alias to another task in your custom makefile\n\n```toml\n[tasks.default]\nalias = \"my-custom-task\"\n```\n\n* Clear the alias and define the task actions\n\n```toml\n[tasks.default]\nclear = true # clears the alias\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"custom!!!\"]\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-extending-tasks\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Extending Tasks\n\nThere are multiple ways of extending tasks in the same or from extended makefiles.\n\n* [Task Override](#usage-task-override)\n* [Platform Override](#usage-platform-override)\n* [Extend Attribute](#usage-task-extend-attribute)\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-override\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Task Override\ncargo-make comes with many predefined tasks and flows that can be used without redefining them in your project.\u003cbr\u003e\nHowever in some cases, you would like to change them a bit to fit your needs without rewriting the entire task.\u003cbr\u003e\nLet's take, for example, the **build** task which is predefined internally inside cargo-make as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.build]\ndescription = \"Runs the rust compiler.\"\ncategory = \"Build\"\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"build\", \"--all-features\"]\n```\n\nIf you do not want to use the **--all-features** mode, you can just change the args of the task in your external `Makefile.toml` as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.build]\nargs = [\"build\"]\n```\n\nWhen cargo-make starts up, it will load the external `Makefile.toml` and the internal makefile definitions and will merge them.\u003cbr\u003e\nSince the external file overrides the internal definitions, only the args attribute for the **build** task which was redefined,\nwill override the args attribute which was defined internally, and the actual result would be:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.build]\ndescription = \"Runs the rust compiler.\"\ncategory = \"Build\"\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"build\"]\n```\n\nThe same process can be used to override tasks from other makefiles loaded using the extend keyword from [Extending External Makefiles](#usage-workspace-extending-external-makefile) section.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-platform-override\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Platform Override\nIf you want to override a task (or specific attributes in a task) for specific platforms, you can define an override task with the platform name (currently Linux, Windows, and macOS) under the specific task.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.hello-world]\nscript = '''\necho \"Hello World From Unknown\"\n'''\n\n[tasks.hello-world.linux]\nscript = '''\necho \"Hello World From Linux\"\n'''\n```\n\nIf you run cargo make with task 'hello-world' on Linux, it would redirect to hello-world.linux while on other platforms it will execute the original hello-world.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn Linux the output would be:\n\n```console\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: hello-world\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: hello-world\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"sh\" \"/tmp/cargo-make/kOUJfw8Vfc.sh\"\nHello World From Linux\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build done in 0 seconds.\n```\n\nWhile on other platforms it would output:\n\n```console\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: hello-world\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: hello-world\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"sh\" \"/tmp/cargo-make/2gYnulOJLP.sh\"\nHello World From Unknown\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build done in 0 seconds.\n```\n\nIn the override task, you can define any attribute that will override the attribute of the parent task, while undefined attributes will use the value from the parent task and will not be modified.\u003cbr\u003e\nIf you need to delete attributes from the parent (for example, you have a command defined in the parent task, but you want to have a script defined in the override task), then you will\nhave to clear the parent task in the override task using the clear attribute as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.hello-world.linux]\nclear = true\nscript = '''\necho \"Hello World From Linux\"\n'''\n```\n\nThis means, however, that you will have to redefine all attributes in the override task that you want to carry with you from the parent task.\u003cbr\u003e\n**Important: alias comes before checking override task, so if the parent task has an alias, it will be redirected to that task instead of the override.**\u003cbr\u003e\n**To have an alias redirect per-platform, use the linux_alias, windows_alias, mac_alias attributes.**\u003cbr\u003e\n**In addition, aliases cannot be defined in platform override tasks, only in parent tasks.**\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-task-extend-attribute\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Extend Attribute\nUntil now, the override capability enabled to override the task with the same name from different makefile or in different platforms.\u003cbr\u003e\nHowever, the **extend** keyword is also available on the task level and enables you to override any task by name.\u003cbr\u003e\nLet's look at the following example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.1]\ncategory = \"1\"\ndescription = \"1\"\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"1\"]\n\n[tasks.2]\nextend = \"1\"\ncategory = \"2\"\nargs = [\"2\"]\n\n[tasks.3]\nextend = \"2\"\nargs = [\"3\"]\n```\n\nWhen task **3** is loaded, it loads task **2** which loads task **1**.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe final task **3** definition would be:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.3]\nextend = \"2\"\ncategory = \"2\"\ndescription = \"1\"\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"3\"]\n```\n\nWe run task **3** the output would be:\n\n```console\n[cargo-make] INFO - cargo make 0.37.24\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build File: task_extend.toml\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: 3\n[cargo-make] INFO - Profile: development\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: init\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: 3\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"echo\" \"3\"\n3\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: end\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build Done  in 0 seconds.\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-env\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Environment Variables\n`cargo-make` enabled the definition of environment variables in several ways, which can later be accessed throughout task execution.\n\nBecause environment variables play a significant role in `cargo-make`, it provides multiple declarative ways to provide them at different levels of granularity.\n\n* [Declaration](#env-declaration)\n* [Global Configuration](#usage-env-config)\n* [Task](#usage-env-task)\n* [Command Line](#usage-env-cli)\n* [Env File](#usage-env-file)\n* [Env Setup Scripts](#usage-env-setup-scripts)\n* [Loading Order](#usage-env-vars-loading-order)\n* [Note about Ordering](#env-note-about-ordering)\n* [Global](#usage-env-global)\n\n\u003ca name=\"env-declaration\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Declaration\n\nThere are multiple ways to declare environment variables, all of which are suited for specific suitcases.\n\n##### Simple\n\nThe most ordinary one is the definition of a simple `KEY=Value` pair, which is reminiscent of tools like [dotenv](https://www.npmjs.com/package/dotenv) and [bash scripts](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/). Values can use other variables as values, which are interpolated at runtime, using the `${variable}` syntax.\n\n```toml\nSTRING = \"value\"\nRUST_BACKTRACE = 1\nBOOL_VALUE = true\nCOMPOSITE = \"${BOOL_VALUE} ${RUST_BACKTRACE}\"\n```\n\n##### List\n\n`cargo-make` also supports lists, which are joined using `;` at runtime.\n\n```toml\nLIST_VALUE = [ \"VALUE1\", \"VALUE2\", \"VALUE3\" ]\n```\n\n##### Script\n\n`cargo-make` supports the use of simple scripts. The output of the said script will then determine the value of the environment variable.\n\nThe script's object has two additional arguments: `multiline` and `depends_on`. If `multiple` is set to `true`, the supplied script will be evaluated as a script with multiple lines. `depends_on` is a list of environment variables this script depends on, which is taken into account during reordering if unset `cargo-make` will try to guess the variables used during reordering.\n\n\u003e **Note:** This uses the default OS command runner (`cmd` on Windows, `sh` on UNIX systems), other runners like `duckscript`, `rust`, etc. are **not** supported.\n\n```toml\nEVALUATED_VAR = { script = [\"echo SOME VALUE\"] }\n```\n\n##### Decode Map\n\n`cargo-make` supports the use of mappings where a `source` is matched against a dictionary of possible `mapping`s, where each key of the `mapping` is compared against the evaluated `source` value. Should the key and `source` be the same, the corresponding value to the key will be the value of the environment variable. If no key is matched, the `default_value` is used if provided. Otherwise, it will default to an empty string instead.\n\n```toml\nLIBRARY_EXTENSION = { source = \"${CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_OS}\", default_value = \"unknown\", mapping = {\"linux\" = \"so\", \"macos\" = \"dylib\", \"windows\" = \"dll\", \"openbsd\" = \"so\" } }\n```\n\n##### Path\n\n`cargo-make` supports the use of glob syntax to find all files and directories in a given directory. The list of files will be joined using `;` during execution.\n\n```toml\nPATH_GLOB = { glob = \"./src/**/mod.rs\", include_files = true, include_dirs = false, ignore_type = \"git\" }\n```\n\n##### Conditional\n\n`cargo-make` supports conditional variables, which are set to the `value` specified if the `condition` evaluates to true. To learn more about conditions, refer to [this chapter](#usage-conditions)\n\n##### Unset\n\nVariables can be unset.\n\n```toml\nVARIABLE = {unset = true}\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-env-config\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Global Configuration\n\nEnvironmental variables can be set globally using the top level `[env]` key, with the ability to provide multiple profiles, which can be selected using `--profile \u003cname\u003e` when executing `cargo make`.\n\nEnvironment variables set in the global `[env]` block [and default `Makefile.toml`](https://github.com/sagiegurari/cargo-make/blob/master/src/lib/descriptor/makefiles/stable.toml) will be set before running any tasks.\n\n##### Example\n\n```toml\n[env]\nRUST_BACKTRACE = 1\nEVALUATED_VAR = { script = [\"echo SOME VALUE\"] }\nTEST1 = \"value1\"\nTEST2 = \"value2\"\nBOOL_VALUE = true\nDEV = false\nPROD = false\nCOMPOSITE = \"${TEST1} ${TEST2}\"\nMULTI_LINE_SCRIPT = { script = [\"echo 1\\necho 2\"], multi_line = true }\nCONDITIONAL_SCRIPT = { script = [\"echo conditional_script\"], condition = { env_not_set = [\"CONDITIONAL_SCRIPT\"] } }\nLIBRARY_EXTENSION = { source = \"${CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_OS}\", default_value = \"unknown\", mapping = {\"linux\" = \"so\", \"macos\" = \"dylib\", \"windows\" = \"dll\", \"openbsd\" = \"so\" } }\nTO_UNSET = { unset = true }\nPREFER_EXISTING = { value = \"new\", condition = { env_not_set = [\"PREFER_EXISTING\"] } }\nOVERWRITE_EXISTING = { value = \"new\", condition = { env_set = [\"OVERWRITE_EXISTING\"] } }\nENV_FROM_LIST = [\"ARG1\", \"${SIMPLE}\", \"simple value: ${SIMPLE} script value: ${SCRIPT}\"]\nPATH_GLOB = { glob = \"./src/**/mod.rs\", include_files = true, include_dirs = false, ignore_type = \"git\" }\n\n# profile based environment override\n[env.development]\nDEV = true\n\n[env.production]\nPROD = true\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-env-task\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Task\n\nEnvironmental variables can be set in a task's scope, and will be merged with the global environment when that task gets executed. This means that the evaluation of environment variables takes place after all dependencies have run, but _before_ the task itself runs.\n\n\u003e **Note:** Reordering of task variables with global variables will **not** take place. Tasks simply overwrite previously declared variables.\n\n\u003e **Note:** Variables are **not** cleaned up after execution, meaning that tasks following the executed task will inherit the variables set by the previous task.\n\n`cargo-make` supports the same capabilities outlined for global configuration on a individual task level.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.test-flow]\nenv = { \"SOME_ENV_VAR\" = \"value\" }\nrun_task = \"actual-task\"\n\n[tasks.actual-task]\ncondition = { env_set = [ \"SOME_ENV_VAR\" ] }\nscript = '''\necho var: ${SOME_ENV_VAR}\n'''\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-env-cli\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Command Line\nEnvironment variables can be defined in the command line using the `--env` / `-e` argument as follows:\n\n```console\ncargo make --env ENV1=VALUE1 --env ENV2=VALUE2 -e ENV3=VALUE3\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-env-file\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Env File\nIt is also possible to provide an env file path as part of the CLI args as follows:\n\n```console\ncargo make --env-file=./env/production.env\n```\n\nThis allows using the same `Makefile.toml`, but with a different set of environment variables loaded from the env file.\n\nThe env file is a simple `key=value`, which is similar to [dotenv](https://www.npmjs.com/package/dotenv), but only supports variable interpolation using the `${}` syntax.\n\n```properties\n#just a comment...\nENV1_TEST=TEST1\nENV2_TEST=TEST2\nENV3_TEST=VALUE OF ENV2 IS: ${ENV2_TEST}\n```\n\nPaths to environment files can also be defined globally in the `env_files` key of the `Makefile.toml`, which will be loaded in the order they are defined. All relative paths are relative to the directory containing the `Makefile.toml` they were defined in.\n\n\u003e **Note:** `env_files` can also be used on a task level. Be aware that relative paths will instead be relative to the **current working directory**\n\n```toml\nenv_files = [\n    \"./env1.env\",\n    \"./env2.env\"\n]\n```\n\nTo only load environment variables whenever a variable hasn't been defined yet, use the `defaults_only` property.\n\n```toml\nenv_files = [\n    { path = \"./load_only_undefined.env\", defaults_only = true },\n    { path = \"./load_all.env\" }\n]\n```\n\nUse the `profile` property to only load environment variables whenever a specific profile is active.\n\n\u003e To learn more about profiles, check the [profiles section](#usage-profiles).\n\n```toml\nenv_files = [\n    { path = \"./profile.env\", profile = \"development\" },\n    { path = \"./env.env\" }\n]\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-env-setup-scripts\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Env Setup Scripts\n\nEnvironment setup scripts are invoked after environment files and the env block. They are defined globally by the **env_scripts** attribute. These scripts can run anything needed before starting up the flow.\n\nIn the case of `duckscript` scripts invoked by the embedded runtime, it is possible to modify the `cargo-make` runtime environment variables directly.\n\nFor Example:\n\n```toml\nenv_scripts = [\n'''\n#!@duckscript\necho first env script...\n\ncomposite_env_value = get_env COMPOSITE\necho COMPOSITE = ${composite_env_value}\n\nset_env COMPOSITE_2 ${composite_env_value}\n''',\n'''\n#!@duckscript\necho second env script...\n\ncomposite_env_value = get_env COMPOSITE_2\necho COMPOSITE_2 = ${composite_env_value}\n'''\n]\n\n[env]\nSIMPLE = \"SIMPLE VALUE\"\nSCRIPT = { script = [\"echo SCRIPT VALUE\"] }\nCOMPOSITE = \"simple value: ${SIMPLE} script value: ${SCRIPT}\"\n```\n\nIn this example, since the **env** block is invoked before the env scripts, the `duckscript`s have access to the `COMPOSITE` environment variable.\u003cbr\u003e\nThese scripts use that value to create a new environment variable **`COMPOSITE_2`**, and in the second script, we print it.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-env-vars-loading-order\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Loading Order\n\n`cargo-make` will load the environment variables in the following order\n\n* Load environment file provided on the command line\n* Setup internal environment variables (see [Global](#usage-env-global) section). **Does not per-task variables.**\n* Load global environment files defined in the **env_files** attribute.\n* Load global environment variables provided on the command line.\n* Load global environment variables defined in the **env** block and relevant sub env blocks based on profile/additional profiles.\n* Load global environment variables defined in the **env.\\[current profile\\]** block.\n* Load global environment setup scripts defined in the **env_scripts** attribute.\n* **Per Task**\n  * Setup **per task** internal environment variables (see [Global](#usage-env-global) section).\n  * Load environment files defined in the **env_files** attribute (relative paths are treated differently than global env_files).\n  * Load environment variables defined in the **env** block (same behavior as global env block).\n\nDuring each step, variables can be reordered to ensure all dependencies are specified. The environment variables will be interpolated before every task run.\n\n\u003ca name=\"env-note-about-ordering\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Note about Ordering\n\nThe ordering of environment variables in `cargo-make` is not necessarily the same between definition and evaluation. `cargo-make` instead looks at the values and reorders variables depending on the variables they mention.\n\nThis behavior has many benefits, like the ability to reference other variables freely or redefine them, in different scopes.\n\n```toml\n[env]\nVAR1=\"${VAR2}\"\nVAR2=2\n```\n\nA naive implementation would now result in `VAR1=\"\"`, `VAR2=2`, this behavior can be very unexpected, especially when extending existing declarations of environment variables. `cargo-make` is different and uses an approach that is similar to tools like [`terraform`](https://www.terraform.io), it will recognize that `VAR1` depends on `VAR2`, which will output `VAR1=2`, `VAR2=2`.\n\n```toml\n[env]\nVAR1=\"${VAR2}\"\n\n[env.prod]\nVAR2=2\n\n[env.devel]\nVAR2=3\n```\n\nThis is an extended example, which would not work using the naive implementation, because the different profiles are merged with the environment (basically appending them). This is not the case with `cargo-make`, which will recognize dependencies and correctly resolve all values.\n\n###### Naive Implementation\n\n```\n--release=test\n    VAR1=\"\"\n--release=prod\n    VAR1=\"\"\n    VAR2=2\n--release=devel\n    VAR1=\"\"\n    VAR2=3\n```\n\n###### `cargo-make` Implementation\n\n```\n--release=test\n    VAR1=\"\"\n--release=prod\n    VAR1=\"2\"\n    VAR2=2\n--release=devel\n    VAR1=\"3\"\n    VAR2=3\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-env-global\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Global\nIn addition to manually setting environment variables, cargo-make will also automatically add a few environment variables, which can be helpful when running task scripts, commands, conditions, and more.\n\n* **`CARGO_MAKE`** - Set to \"true\" to help sub-processes identify they are running from `cargo` make.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_TASK`** - Holds the name of the main task being executed.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_TASK_ARGS`** - A list of arguments provided to cargo-make after the task name, separated with a ';' character.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CURRENT_TASK_NAME`** - Holds the currently executed task name.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CURRENT_TASK_INITIAL_MAKEFILE`** - Holds the full path to the makefile, which **initially** defined the currently executed task (not available for internal core tasks).\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CURRENT_TASK_INITIAL_MAKEFILE_DIRECTORY`** - Holds the full path to the directory containing the makefile **initially** defined the currently executed task (not available for internal core tasks).\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_COMMAND`** - The command used to invoke cargo-make (for example: *cargo make* and *makers*)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY`** - The current working directory (can be defined by setting the `--cwd` CLI option)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_WORKING_DIRECTORY`** - The original working directory of the workspace. Enables workspace members access to the workspace level `CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY`.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_PROFILE`** - The current profile name in lower case (should not be manually modified by global/task env blocks)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_ADDITIONAL_PROFILES`** - The additional profile names in lower case, separated with a `;` character (should not be manually modified by global/task env blocks)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_PROJECT_NAME`** - For standalone crates, this will be the same as `CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_NAME`, and for workspace, it will default to the working directory basename.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_PROJECT_VERSION`** For standalone crates, this will be the same as `CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_VERSION`, and for workspaces, it will be the main crate version (main crate defined by the optional **main_project_member** attribute in the config section).\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CARGO_HOME`** - The path to `CARGO_HOME` as described in the [cargo documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-home.html)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CARGO_PROFILE`** - The [cargo profile](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html#the-profile-sections) name mapped from the **`CARGO_MAKE_PROFILE`** (unmapped value will default to `CARGO_MAKE_PROFILE` value)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_RUST_VERSION`** - The rust version (for example 1.20.0)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_RUST_CHANNEL`** - Rust channel (stable, beta, nightly)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_ARCH`** - x86, x86_64, arm, etc ... (see rust cfg feature)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_ENV`** - gnu, msvc, etc ... (see rust cfg feature)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_OS`** - Windows, macOS, iOS, Linux, Android, etc. ... (see rust cfg feature)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_POINTER_WIDTH`** - 32, 64\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_VENDOR`** - apple, pc, unknown\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_RUST_TARGET_TRIPLE`** - x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, x86_64-apple-darwin, x86_64-pc-windows-msvc, etc ...\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_TARGET_DIRECTORY`** - Gets target directory where cargo stores the output of a build, respects `${CARGO_TARGET_DIR}`, `.cargo/config.toml`'s and `${CARGO_HOME}/config.toml`, but not `--target-dir` command-line flag.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_CUSTOM_TRIPLE_TARGET_DIRECTORY`** - Like `CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_TARGET_DIRECTORY` but respects `build.target` in `.cargo/config.toml`.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_HAS_DEPENDENCIES`** - Holds `true`/`false` based if there are dependencies defined in the `Cargo.toml` or not (defined as *false* if no `Cargo.toml` is found)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_IS_WORKSPACE`** - Holds `true`/`false` based if this is a workspace crate or not (defined even if no `Cargo.toml` is found)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_WORKSPACE_MEMBERS`** - Holds a list of member paths (defined as empty value if no `Cargo.toml` is found)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_CURRENT_WORKSPACE_MEMBER`** - Holds the name of the current workspace member being built (only if flow started as a workspace level flow)\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_LOCK_FILE_EXISTS`** - Holds `true`/`false` if a `Cargo.lock` file exists in the current working directory (in workspace projects, each member has a different working directory).\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_TARGET_TRIPLE`** - Gets target triple that will be build with by default, respects `.cargo/config.toml` and `${CARGO_HOME}/config.toml`.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_PACKAGE_NAME`** - Holds the root package name of the workspace from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_PACKAGE_VERSION`** - Holds the root package version of the workspace from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION`** - Holds the root package description of the workspace from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_PACKAGE_LICENSE`** - Holds the root package license of the workspace from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_PACKAGE_DOCUMENTATION`** - Holds the root package documentation link of the workspace from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_PACKAGE_HOMEPAGE`** - Holds the root package homepage link of the workspace from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_PACKAGE_REPOSITORY`** - Holds the root package repository link of the workspace from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CI`** - Holds `true`/`false` if the task runs in a continuous integration system (such as Travis CI).\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_PR`** - Holds `true`/`false` if the task runs in a continuous integration system (such as Travis CI) as part of a pull request build (unknown is set as false).\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CI_BRANCH_NAME`** - Holds the continuous integration branch name (if available).\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CI_VENDOR`** - Holds the continuous integration vendor name (if available).\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_DUCKSCRIPT_VERSION`** - The embedded `duckscript` runtime version.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_DUCKSCRIPT_SDK_VERSION`** - The embedded `duckscript` SDK version.\n\nThe following environment variables will be set by cargo-make if `Cargo.toml` file exists and the relevant value is defined:\n\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_NAME`** - Holds the crate name from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_FS_NAME`** - Same as `CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_NAME` however some characters are replaced (for example '-' to '_').\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_VERSION`** - Holds the crate version from the `Cargo.toml` file found in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_DESCRIPTION`** - Holds the crate description from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_LICENSE`** - Holds the crate license from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_DOCUMENTATION`** - Holds the crate documentation link from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_HOMEPAGE`** - Holds the crate homepage link from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_REPOSITORY`** - Holds the crate repository link from the `Cargo.toml` file in the current working directory.\n\nThe following environment variables will be set by cargo-make if the project is part of a git repo:\n\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_GIT_BRANCH`** - The current branch name.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_GIT_USER_NAME`** - The user name pulled from the git config user.name key.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_GIT_USER_EMAIL`** - The user email, which was taken from the git config `user.email` key.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_GIT_HEAD_LAST_COMMIT_HASH`** - The last HEAD commit hash.\n* **`CARGO_MAKE_GIT_HEAD_LAST_COMMIT_HASH_PREFIX`** - The last HEAD commit hash prefix.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-setting-up-working-directory\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Setting Up Working Directory\nTo modify the current working directory for a specific task (not entire run), use the **cwd** attribute.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.move-dir]\ncwd = \"./mysubdir/\"\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-ignoring-errors\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Ignoring Errors\nIn some cases you want to run optional tasks as part of a bigger flow, but do not want to break your entire build in case of any error in those optional tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor those tasks, you can add the **ignore_errors=true** attribute.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.unstable_task]\nignore_errors = true\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-conditions\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Conditions\nConditions allow you to evaluate at runtime if to run a specific task or not.\u003cbr\u003e\nThese conditions are evaluated before the task is running its installation and/or commands and if the condition is not fulfilled, the task will not be invoked.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe task dependencies however are not affected by parent task condition outcome.\n\nThere are two types of conditions:\n\n* [Criteria](#usage-conditions-structure)\n* [Scripts](#usage-conditions-script)\n\nThe task runner will evaluate any condition defined and a task definition may contain both types at the same time.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-conditions-structure\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Criteria\nThe condition attribute may define multiple parameters to validate.\u003cbr\u003e\nAll defined parameters must be valid for the condition as a whole to be true and enable the task to run.\n\nBelow is an example of a condition definition that checks that we are running on Windows or Linux (but not macOS) and that we are running on beta or nightly (but not stable):\n\n```toml\n[tasks.test-condition]\ncondition = { platforms = [\"windows\", \"linux\"], channels = [\"beta\", \"nightly\"] }\nscript = '''\necho \"condition was met\"\n'''\n```\n\nThe following condition types are available:\n\n* **profile** - See [profiles](#usage-profiles) for more info\n* **os** - List of OS names (Windows, macOS, iOS, Linux, Android, etc... as defined by cfg!(target_os))\n* **platforms** - List of platform names (windows, linux, mac)\n* **channels** - List of rust channels (stable, beta, nightly)\n* **env_set** - List of environment variables that must be defined\n* **env_not_set** - List of environment variables that must not be defined\n* **env_true** - List of environment variables that must be defined and must not be set to any of the following (case insensitive): false, no, 0 or empty\n* **env_false** - List of environment variables that must be defined and set to any of the following (case insensitive): false, no, 0 or empty\n* **env** - Map of environment variables that must be defined and equal to the provided values\n* **env_not** - Map of environment variables that must not be equal to the provided values\n* **env_contains** - Map of environment variables that must be defined and contain (case insensitive) the provided values\n* **rust_version** - Optional definition of min, max, and/or specific rust version\n* **files_exist** - List of absolute path files to check they exist. Environment substitution is supported so you can define relative paths such as **`${CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY}/Cargo.toml`**\n* **files_not_exist** - List of absolute path files to check they do not exist. Environment substitution is supported so you can define relative paths such as **`${CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY}/Cargo.toml`**\n* **files_modified** - Lists input and output globs. If any input file is newer than all output files, the condition is met. Environment substitution is supported so you can define relative paths such as **`${CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY}/Cargo.toml`**\n\nFew examples:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.test-condition]\ncondition = {\n    profiles = [\"development\", \"production\"],\n    platforms = [\"windows\", \"linux\"],\n    channels = [\"beta\", \"nightly\"],\n    env_set = [ \"CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_VERSION\" ],\n    env_not_set = [ \"CARGO_MAKE_SKIP_CODECOV\" ],\n    env = { \"CARGO_MAKE_CI\" = true, \"CARGO_MAKE_RUN_CODECOV\" = true },\n    rust_version = { min = \"1.20.0\", max = \"1.30.0\" },\n    files_exist = [\"${CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY}/Cargo.toml\"],\n    files_not_exist = [\"${CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY}/Cargo2.toml\"],\n    files_modified = { input = [\"${CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY}/Cargo.toml\", \"./src/**/*.rs\"], output = [\"./target/**/myapp*\"] }\n}\n```\n\nTo setup a custom failure message, use the **fail_message** inside the condition object, for example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.test-condition-with-message]\ncondition = { platforms = [\"windows\"], fail_message = \"Condition Failed.\" }\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"condition was met\"]\n```\n\nFail messages are only printed if log level is verbose or reduce output flag is set to false in the config as follows:\n\n```toml\n[config]\nreduce_output = false\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-conditions-script\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Scripts\nThese script are invoked before the task is running its installation and/or commands and if the exit code of the condition script is non zero, the task will not be invoked.\n\nBelow is an example of a condition script that always returns a non zero value, in which case the command is never executed:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.never]\ncondition_script = \"\"\"\nexit 1\n\"\"\"\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"build\"]\n```\n\nCondition scripts can be used to ensure that the task is only invoked if a specific condition is met, for example if a specific 3rd party is installed.\n\nTo setup a custom failure message, use the **fail_message** inside the condition object, for example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.test-condition-script-with-message]\ncondition = { fail_message = \"Condition Script Failed.\" }\ncondition_script = [\n    \"exit 1\"\n]\ncommand = \"echo\"\nargs = [\"condition was met\"]\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-conditions-and-or\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### And/Or/Group Or\n\nBy default all conditions groups and all conditions inside each group are evaluated and an 'AND' is used to validate everything is as requested.\u003cbr\u003e\nHowever, there are other condition types available:\n\n* Or - All groups and all conditions inside each group are searched for a single condition that is met\n* GroupOr - All conditions in each group are searched for a single condition that is met but all condition groups must pass.\n\nSimply add the condition_type with any of these values inside the condition object.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```\n[tasks.test-or-condition]\ncondition = { condition_type = \"Or\", env_true = [\n  \"TRUE_ENV\",\n  \"FALSE_ENV\",\n], env_false = [\n  \"TRUE_ENV\",\n  \"FALSE_ENV\",\n] }\nscript = '''\necho \"condition was met\"\n'''\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-conditions-and-subtasks\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Combining Conditions and Sub Tasks\n\nConditions and run_task combined can enable you to define a conditional sub flow.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example, if you have a coverage flow that should only be invoked on linux in a CI build, and only if the `CARGO_MAKE_RUN_CODECOV` environment variable is defined as \"true\":\n\n```toml\n[tasks.ci-coverage-flow]\ndescription = \"Runs the coverage flow and uploads the results to codecov.\"\ncondition = { platforms = [\"linux\"], env = { \"CARGO_MAKE_CI\" = true, \"CARGO_MAKE_RUN_CODECOV\" = true } }\nrun_task = \"codecov-flow\"\n\n[tasks.codecov-flow]\ndescription = \"Runs the full coverage flow and uploads the results to codecov.\"\nwindows_alias = \"empty\"\ndependencies = [\n    \"coverage-flow\",\n    \"codecov\"\n]\n```\n\nThe first task **ci-coverage-flow** defines the condition that checks we are on linux, running as part of a CI build and the `CARGO_MAKE_RUN_CODECOV` environment variable is set to \"true\".\u003cbr\u003e\nOnly if all conditions are met, it will run the **codecov-flow** task.\u003cbr\u003e\nWe can't define the condition directly on the **codecov-flow** task, as it will invoke the task dependencies before checking the condition.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-running-tasks-only-if-sources-changed\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Running Tasks Only If Sources Changed\n\nThe **files_modified** condition enables tasks to be skipped based on file modifications timestamp.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe condition will cause the task to be skipped if no input file was found to be newer then any of the files in the output.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe input and output are defined as arrays of **globs** (not regex) of files to check.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the below example, if the target binaries are newer then the Cargo.toml or any of the rust sources in the src directory, it will not run cargo build command.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.compile-if-modified]\ncondition = { files_modified = { input = [\"${CARGO_MAKE_WORKING_DIRECTORY}/Cargo.toml\", \"./src/**/*.rs\"], output = [\"./target/**/myapp*\"] } }\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"build\"]\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-dependencies\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Installing Dependencies\n\nSome tasks will require third party crates, rustup components, or other native tools.\u003cbr\u003e\ncargo-make provides multiple ways to setup those dependencies before running the task.\n\n* [Cargo Plugins](#usage-installing-cargo-plugins)\n* [Crates](#usage-installing-crates)\n* [Rustup Components](#usage-installing-rustup-components)\n* [Native Dependencies](#usage-installing-native-dependencies)\n* [Defining Version](#usage-installing-version)\n* [Global Lock Of Versions](#usage-installing-locked)\n* [Installation Priorities](#usage-installing-dependencies-priorities)\n* [Multiple Installations](#usage-installing-dependencies-multiple)\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-cargo-plugins\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Cargo Plugins\n\nWhen a task invokes a cargo plugin using the **command** attribute, for example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.audit]\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"audit\"]\n```\n\ncargo-make will first check the command is available.\u003cbr\u003e\nOnly if the command is not available, it will attempt to install it by running **cargo install cargo-\u003cfirst arg\u003e**\u003cbr\u003e\nIn case the cargo plugin has a different name, you can specify it manually via **install_crate** attribute.\u003cbr\u003e\nYou can specify additional installation arguments using the **install_crate_args** attribute (for example: version).\n\nTo disable the automatic crate installation, you can set the **install_crate** attribute as false, for example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.test]\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"test\"]\ninstall_crate = false\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-crates\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Crates\n\ncargo-make can verify third party crates are installed if the relevant installation info is provided.\u003cbr\u003e\nFirst it will check the crate is installed, and only if not available it will attempt to install it.\u003cbr\u003e\nInstallation of third party crates is first done via rustup if the component name is provided.\u003cbr\u003e\nIf rustup failed or component name is not provided, it will resort to using cargo install command.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.rustfmt]\ninstall_crate = { crate_name = \"rustfmt-nightly\", rustup_component_name = \"rustfmt-preview\", binary = \"rustfmt\", test_arg = \"--help\" }\ncommand = \"rustfmt\"\n```\n\nIn this example, cargo will first test that the command **rustfmt --help** works well and only if fails, it will first attempt\nto install via rustup the component **rustfmt-preview** and if failed, it will try to run cargo install for the crate name **rustfmt-nightly**.\n\nIf passing multiple arguments is necessary, `test_arg` may contain an array of arguments. For example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.doc-upload]\ninstall_crate = { crate_name = \"cargo-travis\", binary = \"cargo\", test_arg = [\"doc-upload\", \"--help\"] }\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"doc-upload\"]\n```\n\nIn this example, cargo-make will test the presence of cargo-travis by running the command `cargo doc-upload --help`, and\ninstall the crate only if this command fails.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-rustup-components\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Rustup Components\n\nRustup components that are not deployed as crates or components which are pure sources (no executable binary), can also be installed via cargo-make.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following example show how to install a rustup component with binaries:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.install-rls]\ninstall_crate = { rustup_component_name = \"rls-preview\", binary = \"rls\", test_arg = \"--help\" }\n```\n\nIn this example, cargo-make will first check if **rls** binary is available and only if failed to execute it, it will\ninstall the **rls** component using rustup.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSome rustup components are pure sources and therefore in those cases, cargo-make cannot verify that they are already installed, and\nwill attempt to install them every time.\u003cbr\u003e\nExample:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.install-rust-src]\ninstall_crate = { rustup_component_name = \"rust-src\" }\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-native-dependencies\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Native Dependencies\n\nNative dependencies can also be installed, however it is up to the Makefile author to write the script which checks the dependency exists and if\nnot, to install it correctly.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis is done by setting up an installation script in the **install_script** attribute of the task.\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is possible to use platform overrides to specify different installation scripts for Linux/macOS/Windows platforms.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.coverage-kcov]\nwindows_alias = \"empty\"\ninstall_script = '''\nKCOV_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY=\"\"\nKCOV_BINARY_DIRECTORY=\"\"\nif [ -n \"CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY\" ]; then\n    mkdir -p ${CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY}\n    cd ${CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY}\n    KCOV_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY=\"$(pwd)/\"\n    cd -\n    echo \"Kcov Installation Directory: ${KCOV_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY}\"\n    KCOV_BINARY_DIRECTORY=\"${KCOV_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY}/build/src/\"\n    echo \"Kcov Binary Directory: ${KCOV_BINARY_DIRECTORY}\"\nfi\n\n# get help info to fetch all supported command line arguments\nKCOV_HELP_INFO=`${KCOV_BINARY_DIRECTORY}kcov --help` || true\n\n# check needed arguments are supported, else install\nif [[ $KCOV_HELP_INFO != *\"--include-pattern\"* ]] || [[ $KCOV_HELP_INFO != *\"--exclude-line\"* ]] || [[ $KCOV_HELP_INFO != *\"--exclude-region\"* ]]; then\n    # check we are on a supported platform\n    if [ \"$(grep -Ei 'debian|buntu|mint' /etc/*release)\" ]; then\n        echo \"Installing/Upgrading kcov...\"\n        sudo apt-get update || true\n        sudo apt-get install -y libcurl4-openssl-dev libelf-dev libdw-dev cmake gcc binutils-dev\n\n        mkdir -p ${CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_DOWNLOAD_DIRECTORY}\n        cd ${CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_DOWNLOAD_DIRECTORY}\n        KCOV_DOWNLOAD_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)\n\n        wget https://github.com/SimonKagstrom/kcov/archive/v${CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_VERSION}.zip\n        unzip v${CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_VERSION}.zip\n        cd kcov-${CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_VERSION}\n        mkdir -p build\n        cd ./build\n        cmake ..\n        make\n\n        # if custom installation directory, leave kcov as local\n        if [ -n \"CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY\" ]; then\n            cd ${KCOV_DOWNLOAD_DIRECTORY}/kcov-${CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_VERSION}\n            mv ./* ${KCOV_INSTALLATION_DIRECTORY}\n        else\n            sudo make install\n            cd ../..\n            rm -rf kcov-${CARGO_MAKE_KCOV_VERSION}\n        fi\n    fi\nfi\n'''\n```\n\nThis task checks if kcov is installed; if not, it will install it and any other dependency it requires.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-version\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Defining Version\n\nIt is possible to define minimal version of depended crates, for example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.simple-example]\ninstall_crate = { min_version = \"0.0.1\" }\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"make\", \"--version\"]\n\n[tasks.complex-example]\ninstall_crate = { crate_name = \"cargo-make\", binary = \"cargo\", test_arg = [\"make\", \"--version\"], min_version = \"0.0.1\" }\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"make\", \"--version\"]\n```\n\nThis ensures we are using a crate version that supports the feature we require for the build.\u003cbr\u003e\nCurrently there are few limitations when defining **min_version**:\n\n* Specifying **toolchain** in the task or **rustup_component_name** in the install_crate structure, will make cargo-make ignore the min version value.\n* In case cargo-make is unable to detect the currently installed version due to any error, cargo-make will assume the version is valid and printout a warning.\n\nIf you want to ensure a specific version is used, you can define the **version** attribute instead, for example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.complex-example]\ninstall_crate = { crate_name = \"cargo-make\", binary = \"cargo\", test_arg = [\"make\", \"--version\"], version = \"0.0.1\" }\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"make\", \"--version\"]\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-locked\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Global Lock Of Versions\n\nIn case [min_version](#usage-installing-version) is defined,\nyou can have the **--locked** flag automatically added to the crate installation command\nby defining the **`CARGO_MAKE_CRATE_INSTALLATION_LOCKED`=true** environment variable.\nIf version is defined instead of min_version, this will automatically be set as true.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-alternate-cargo-install-commands\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Alternate Cargo Install Commands\n\nYou can specify a different cargo install command in order to make the crate installation to use some custom cargo installer plugin.\nFor example, if you want to use instead of **install** a plugin such as **local-install** simply add the **install_command** attribute with the relevant value.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.alt-command-example1]\ninstall_crate = { install_command = \"custom-install\" }\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [\"somecrate\"]\n\n[tasks.alt-command-example2]\ninstall_crate = { crate_name = \"somecrate\", install_command = \"custom-install\" }\n```\n\nBy default, the **--force** flag is added. In order to remove it, add the force=false to the install_crate definition as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.alt-command-example2]\ninstall_crate = { crate_name = \"somecrate\", install_command = \"custom-install\", force = false }\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-dependencies-priorities\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Installation Priorities\n\nOnly one type of installation will be invoked per task.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following defines the installation types sorted by priority for which cargo-make uses to decide which installation flow to invoke:\n\n* **install_crate** - Enables to install crates and rustup components.\n* **install_script** - Custom script which can be used to install or run anything that is needed by the task command.\n* **automatic cargo plugin** - In case the command is **cargo**, cargo-make will check which cargo plugin to automatically install (if needed).\n\nIn case multiple installation types are defined (for example both install_crate and install_script), only one installation type will be invoked based on the above priority list.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-installing-dependencies-multiple\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Multiple Installations\n\nIn some cases, tasks require multiple items installed in order to run properly.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example, you might need rustup component **rls** and **rust-src** and cargo plugin **cargo-xbuild** at the same task.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn order to achieve this, you can split the task to invocation task and installation task and set the installation task as a dependency.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following example defines a flow of two similar tasks that have the same dependencies: cargo-xbuild crate, rls rustup binary component and rust-src rustup sources only component.\u003cbr\u003e\nYou can have both rustup dependencies as an installation only tasks which are set as dependencies for the xbuild tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nSince dependencies are only invoked once, it will also ensure that those rustup components are not installed twice.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.install-rls]\n# install rls-preview only if needed\ninstall_crate = { rustup_component_name = \"rls-preview\", binary = \"rls\", test_arg = \"--help\" }\n\n[tasks.install-rust-src]\n# always install rust-src via rustup component add\ninstall_crate = { rustup_component_name = \"rust-src\" }\n\n[tasks.xbuild1]\n# run cargo xbuild, if xbuild is not installed, it will be automatically installed for you\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [ \"xbuild\", \"some arg\" ]\ndependencies = [ \"install-rls\", \"install-rust-src\" ]\n\n[tasks.xbuild2]\n# run cargo xbuild, if xbuild is not installed, it will be automatically installed for you\ncommand = \"cargo\"\nargs = [ \"xbuild\", \"another arg\" ]\ndependencies = [ \"install-rls\", \"install-rust-src\" ]\n\n[tasks.myflow]\ndependencies = [ \"xbuild1\", \"xbuild2\" ]\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-workspace-support\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Workspace Support\nIn case cargo-make detects that the current working directory is a workspace root (A directory with `Cargo.toml` which defines a workspace and its members), it will not invoke the requested tasks in that directory.\u003cbr\u003e\nInstead, it will generate a task definition in runtime which will go to each member directory and invoke the requested task on that member.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example if we have the following directory structure:\n\n```console\nworkspace\n├── Cargo.toml\n├── member1\n│   └── Cargo.toml\n└── member2\n    └── Cargo.toml\n```\n\nAnd we ran **cargo make mytask**, it will go to each workspace member directory and execute: **cargo make mytask** at that directory,\nwhere mytask is the original task that was requested on the workspace level.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe order of the members is defined by the member attribute in the workspace `Cargo.toml`.\n\nThis flow is called a **workspace** flow, as it identifies the workspace and handles the request for each workspace member, while the root directory which defines the workspace structure is ignored.\n\nWe can use this capability to run same functionality on all workspace member crates, for example if we want to format all crates, we can run in the workspace directory: **cargo make format**.\u003cbr\u003e\n\nMember crate makefiles can also automatically extend the workspace directory makefile.\u003cbr\u003e\nSee more info at the [relevant section.](#usage-workspace-extend)\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-workspace-disabling-workspace-support\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Disabling Workspace Support\nIn case you wish to run the tasks on the workspace root directory and not on the members (for example generating a workspace level README file), use the **`--no-workspace`** CLI flag when running cargo make.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example:\n\n```sh\ncargo make --no-workspace mytask\n```\n\nThis makes cargo-make ignore that this directory is a workspace root, and just runs a simple flow as if this was a simple directory with a makefile.\n\nAnother way to call a task on the workspace level (rather than for each member) is to define that task in the workspace `Makefile.toml` with **workspace** set to false as follows:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.ignore-members]\nworkspace = false\n```\n\nSetting **workspace=false** for the task requested on the cargo-make command line is equivalent to calling it with the **--no-workspace** flag.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis flag is only checked for the task on the cargo-make command line and is completely ignored for all other tasks which are executed as part of the flow.\u003cbr\u003e\nBy default, the workspace flag for all tasks is set to true, but that can be configured differently in the config section as follows:\n\n```toml\n[config]\ndefault_to_workspace = false\n```\n\nIn which case, workspace level support is **always** disabled unless a task defines **workspace=true**.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-workspace-composite-flow\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Composite Flow\n\nYou can define a composite flow that runs tasks on both the workspace root directory and member directories.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis is an example of a workspace level `Makefile.toml` which enables to run such a flow:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.composite]\ndependencies = [\"member_flow\", \"workspace_flow\"]\n\n[tasks.member_flow]\n# by forking, cargo make starts and by default detects it is a workspace and runs the member_task for each member\nrun_task = { name = \"member_task\", fork = true }\n\n[tasks.workspace_flow]\n#run some workspace level command or flow\n```\n\nYou can start this composite flow as follows:\n\n```sh\ncargo make --no-workspace composite\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-workspace-profiles\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Profiles\n\nYou can prevent profiles from being passed down to workspace members by setting **`CARGO_MAKE_USE_WORKSPACE_PROFILE`** to false:\n\n```toml\n[env]\nCARGO_MAKE_USE_WORKSPACE_PROFILE = false\n```\n\nSee more on profiles in the [profile section](#usage-profiles).\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-workspace-support-skip-include-members\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Skipping/Including Specific Members\n\nIn most cases you will want to run a specific flow on all members, but in rare cases you will want to skip specific members.\n\nBy setting the **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_SKIP_MEMBERS`** environment variable to hold the member names to skip (as an array), you can define if you want those members not to participate in the flow.\n\nIn the below example we will skip member3 and member4 (should be defined in the workspace level `Makefile.toml`):\n\n```toml\n[env]\nCARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_SKIP_MEMBERS = [\"member3\", \"member4\"]\n```\n\nYou can also define glob paths, for example:\n\n```toml\n[env]\nCARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_SKIP_MEMBERS = \"tools/*\"\n```\n\nHowever there are some cases you will want to skip specific members only if a specific condition is met.\u003cbr\u003e\nFor example, you want to build a member module only if we are running on a rust nightly compiler.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis is a simple example of a conditioned skip for member3 and member4 (should be defined in the workspace level `Makefile.toml`):\n\n```toml\n[tasks.workspace-task]\ncondition = { channels = [\"beta\", \"stable\"] }\nenv = { \"CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_SKIP_MEMBERS\" = [\"member3\", \"member4\"] }\nrun_task = { name = \"member-task\", fork = true }\n```\n\nYou will have to invoke this as a composite flow:\n\n```sh\ncargo make workspace-task --no-workspace\n```\n\nIn addition you can also state the opposite, meaning which members to include via **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_INCLUDE_MEMBERS`** environment variable.\u003cbr\u003e\nIt follows the same rules as the **`CARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_SKIP_MEMBERS`** environment variable.\u003cbr\u003e\nIf you define both, the included members will be a subset of the non excluded members, meaning both filters will apply.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-workspace-emulation\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n#### Workspace Emulation\nWorkspace emulation enables you to create a workspace like structure for your project without actually defining a rust workspace.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis means you can have a project directory without a `Cargo.toml` and have many child crates.\u003cbr\u003e\nThis enables to run cargo make on all **member** crates while on the root project folder without having the need of an actual cargo workspace which has some side effects (such as shared target folder and dependencies).\n\nIn order to setup the workspace emulation, you will need to define the following in your workspace level `Makefile.toml`:\n\n```toml\n[env]\n# this tells cargo-make that this directory acts as a workspace root\nCARGO_MAKE_WORKSPACE_EMULATION = true\n\n# a list of crate members. since we do not have a Cargo.toml, we will need to specify this in here.\nCARGO_MAKE_CRATE_WORKSPACE_MEMBERS = [\n    \"member1\",\n    \"member2\"\n]\n```\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-toolchain\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Toolchain\ncargo-make supports setting the toolchain to be used when invoking commands and installing rust dependencies by setting\nthe **toolchain** attribute as part of the task definition.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following example shows how to print both stable and nightly rustc versions currently installed:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.rustc-version-stable]\ntoolchain = \"stable\"\ncommand = \"rustc\"\nargs = [ \"--version\" ]\n\n[tasks.rustc-version-nightly]\ntoolchain = \"nightly\"\ncommand = \"rustc\"\nargs = [ \"--version\" ]\n\n[tasks.rustc-version-flow]\ndependencies = [\n    \"rustc-version-stable\",\n    \"rustc-version-nightly\"\n]\n```\n\nAn example output of the above **rustc-version-flow** is:\n\n```console\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: rustc-version-flow\n[cargo-make] INFO - Setting Up Env.\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: init\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: rustc-version-stable\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"rustup\" \"run\" \"stable\" \"rustc\" \"--version\"\nrustc 1.30.1 (1433507eb 2018-11-07)\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: rustc-version-nightly\n[cargo-make] INFO - Execute Command: \"rustup\" \"run\" \"nightly\" \"rustc\" \"--version\"\nrustc 1.32.0-nightly (451987d86 2018-11-01)\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: rustc-version-flow\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: end\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build Done  in 2 seconds.\n```\n\nWhen defined with scripts (as opposed to commands), the **`CARGO`** environment variable will be defined for the requested toolchain.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe following example shows how to print both stable and nightly CARGO binary paths:\n\n```toml\n[tasks.echo-cargo-stable]\ntoolchain = \"stable\"\nscript = '''\necho ${CARGO}\n'''\n\n[tasks.echo-cargo-nightly]\ntoolchain = \"nightly\"\nscript = '''\necho ${CARGO}\n'''\n\n[tasks.echo-cargo-all]\ndependencies = [\"echo-cargo-stable\", \"echo-cargo-nightly\"]\n```\n\nAn example output of the above **echo-cargo-all** is:\n\n```console\n[cargo-make] INFO - Task: echo-cargo-all\n[cargo-make] INFO - Profile: development\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: legacy-migration\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: echo-cargo-stable\n/home/someuser/.rustup/toolchains/stable-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/bin/cargo\n[cargo-make] INFO - Running Task: echo-cargo-nightly\n/home/someuser/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/bin/cargo\n[cargo-make] INFO - Build Done in 4.44 seconds.\n```\n\nIt's also possible to assert a minimum required version of rustc with a channel. This can help\nto document required compiler features and to remind developers to upgrade their installation.\n\n```toml\n[tasks.requires-stable-edition-2021]\ntoolchain = { channel = \"stable\", min_version = \"1.56\" }\ncommand = \"rustc\"\nargs = [\"--version\"]\n```\n\nThe task will fail when the toolchain is either not installed or the existing version is smaller\nthan the specified **min_version**.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-init-end-tasks\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Init and End tasks\nEvery task or flow that is executed by the cargo-make has additional 2 tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nAn init task that gets invoked at the start of all flows and end task that is invoked at the end of all flows.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe names of the init and end tasks are defined in the config section in the toml file, the below shows the default settings:\n\n```toml\n[config]\ninit_task = \"init\"\nend_task = \"end\"\n\n[tasks.init]\n\n[tasks.end]\n```\n\nBy default the init and end tasks are empty and can be modified by external toml files or you can simply change the names of the init and end tasks in the external toml files to point to different tasks.\u003cbr\u003e\nThese tasks allow common actions to be invoked no matter what flow you are running.\n\nImportant to mention that init and end tasks invocation is different than other tasks.\n\n* Aliases and dependencies are ignored\n* If the same task is defined in the executed flow, those tasks will be invoked multiple times\n\nTherefore it is not recommended to use the init/end tasks also inside your flows.\n\n\u003ca name=\"usage-catching-errors\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n### Catching Errors\nBy default any error in any task that does not have **ignore_errors=true** set to it, will cause the entire flow to fail.\u003cbr\u003e\nHowever, there are scenarios in which you would like to run some sort of cleanups before the failed flow finishes.\u003cbr\u003e\ncargo make enables you to define an **on error** task which will only be invoked in","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fsagiegurari%2Fcargo-make","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fsagiegurari%2Fcargo-make","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fsagiegurari%2Fcargo-make/lists"}