{"id":26402463,"url":"https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last","last_synced_at":"2025-03-17T15:18:57.034Z","repository":{"id":232908718,"uuid":"784293430","full_name":"stdlib-js/string-last","owner":"stdlib-js","description":"Return the last character(s) of a string.","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2024-12-26T07:48:14.000Z","size":510,"stargazers_count":1,"open_issues_count":0,"forks_count":0,"subscribers_count":3,"default_branch":"main","last_synced_at":"2024-12-26T08:26:45.455Z","etag":null,"topics":["char","character","codepoint","grapheme","javascript","last","node","node-js","nodejs","stdlib","str","string","unicode","util","utilities","utility","utils"],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib","language":"JavaScript","has_issues":false,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"apache-2.0","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/stdlib-js.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":"CHANGELOG.md","contributing":"CONTRIBUTING.md","funding":null,"license":"LICENSE","code_of_conduct":"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":"CITATION.cff","codeowners":null,"security":"SECURITY.md","support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null},"funding":{"github":["stdlib-js"],"open_collective":"stdlib","tidelift":"npm/@stdlib/stdlib"}},"created_at":"2024-04-09T15:08:20.000Z","updated_at":"2024-12-26T07:40:54.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2024-04-27T03:30:38.261Z","dependency_job_id":"827798d6-f224-4dc2-a992-ecd975c58ac4","html_url":"https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":["stdlib-js/string-last"],"tags_count":5,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/stdlib-js%2Fstring-last","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/stdlib-js%2Fstring-last/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/stdlib-js%2Fstring-last/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/stdlib-js%2Fstring-last/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/stdlib-js","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/tar.gz/refs/heads/main","host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":244056432,"owners_count":20390720,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2022-07-04T15:15:14.044Z","host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":["char","character","codepoint","grapheme","javascript","last","node","node-js","nodejs","stdlib","str","string","unicode","util","utilities","utility","utils"],"created_at":"2025-03-17T15:18:56.253Z","updated_at":"2025-03-17T15:18:57.017Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/stdlib-js.png","language":"JavaScript","readme":"\u003c!--\n\n@license Apache-2.0\n\nCopyright (c) 2024 The Stdlib Authors.\n\nLicensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\nyou may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\nYou may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.\n\n--\u003e\n\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n  \u003csummary\u003e\n    About stdlib...\n  \u003c/summary\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eWe believe in a future in which the web is a preferred environment for numerical computation. To help realize this future, we've built stdlib. stdlib is a standard library, with an emphasis on numerical and scientific computation, written in JavaScript (and C) for execution in browsers and in Node.js.\u003c/p\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eThe library is fully decomposable, being architected in such a way that you can swap out and mix and match APIs and functionality to cater to your exact preferences and use cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eWhen you use stdlib, you can be absolutely certain that you are using the most thorough, rigorous, well-written, studied, documented, tested, measured, and high-quality code out there.\u003c/p\u003e\n  \u003cp\u003eTo join us in bringing numerical computing to the web, get started by checking us out on \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib\"\u003eGitHub\u003c/a\u003e, and please consider \u003ca href=\"https://opencollective.com/stdlib\"\u003efinancially supporting stdlib\u003c/a\u003e. We greatly appreciate your continued support!\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/details\u003e\n\n# last\n\n[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url] [![Build Status][test-image]][test-url] [![Coverage Status][coverage-image]][coverage-url] \u003c!-- [![dependencies][dependencies-image]][dependencies-url] --\u003e\n\n\u003e Return the last character(s) of a string.\n\n\u003csection class=\"installation\"\u003e\n\n## Installation\n\n```bash\nnpm install @stdlib/string-last\n```\n\nAlternatively,\n\n-   To load the package in a website via a `script` tag without installation and bundlers, use the [ES Module][es-module] available on the [`esm`][esm-url] branch (see [README][esm-readme]).\n-   If you are using Deno, visit the [`deno`][deno-url] branch (see [README][deno-readme] for usage intructions).\n-   For use in Observable, or in browser/node environments, use the [Universal Module Definition (UMD)][umd] build available on the [`umd`][umd-url] branch (see [README][umd-readme]).\n-   To use as a general utility for the command line, install the corresponding [CLI package][cli-section] globally.\n\nThe [branches.md][branches-url] file summarizes the available branches and displays a diagram illustrating their relationships.\n\nTo view installation and usage instructions specific to each branch build, be sure to explicitly navigate to the respective README files on each branch, as linked to above.\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003csection class=\"usage\"\u003e\n\n## Usage\n\n```javascript\nvar last = require( '@stdlib/string-last' );\n```\n\n#### last( str\\[, n]\\[, options] )\n\nReturns the last character(s) of a string.\n\n```javascript\nvar out = last( 'last man standing' );\n// returns 'g'\n\nout = last( 'Hidden Treasures' );\n// returns 's'\n```\n\nThe function supports the following options:\n\n-   **mode**: type of characters to return. Must be one of the following:\n\n    -   `'grapheme'`: grapheme clusters. Appropriate for strings containing visual characters which can span multiple Unicode code points (e.g., emoji).\n    -   `'code_point'`: Unicode code points. Appropriate for strings containing visual characters which are comprised of more than one Unicode code unit (e.g., ideographic symbols and punctuation and mathematical alphanumerics).\n    -   `'code_unit'`: UTF-16 code units. Appropriate for strings containing visual characters drawn from the basic multilingual plane (BMP) (e.g., common characters, such as those from the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic alphabets).\n\n    Default: `'grapheme'`.\n\nBy default, the function returns the last character. To return the last `n` characters, provide a second argument specifying the number of characters to return.\n\n```javascript\nvar out = last( 'foo bar', 3 );\n// returns 'bar'\n\nout = last( 'foo bar', 10 );\n// returns 'foo bar'\n```\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.usage --\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- Package usage notes. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. --\u003e\n\n\u003csection class=\"notes\"\u003e\n\n## Notes\n\n-   By default, the function assumes the general case in which an input string may contain an arbitrary number of grapheme clusters. This assumption comes with a performance cost. Accordingly, if an input string is known to only contain visual characters of a particular type (e.g., only alphanumeric), one can achieve better performance by specifying the appropriate `mode` option.\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.notes --\u003e\n\n\u003csection class=\"examples\"\u003e\n\n## Examples\n\n\u003c!-- eslint no-undef: \"error\" --\u003e\n\n```javascript\nvar last = require( '@stdlib/string-last' );\n\nvar str = last( 'last man standing' );\n// returns 'g'\n\nstr = last( 'presidential election' );\n// returns 'n'\n\nstr = last( 'javaScript' );\n// returns 't'\n\nstr = last( 'Hidden Treasures' );\n// returns 's'\n\nstr = last( 'The Last of the Mohicans', 8 );\n// returns 'Mohicans'\n\nstr = last( '🐶🐮🐷🐰🐸', 2 );\n// returns '🐰🐸'\n\nstr = last( '🐶🐮🐷🐰🐸', 10 );\n// returns '🐶🐮🐷🐰🐸'\n```\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.examples --\u003e\n\n* * *\n\n\u003csection class=\"cli\"\u003e\n\n## CLI\n\n\u003csection class=\"installation\"\u003e\n\n## Installation\n\nTo use as a general utility, install the CLI package globally\n\n```bash\nnpm install -g @stdlib/string-last-cli\n```\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- CLI usage documentation. --\u003e\n\n\u003csection class=\"usage\"\u003e\n\n### Usage\n\n```text\nUsage: last [options] [\u003cstring\u003e]\n\nOptions:\n\n  -h,    --help                Print this message.\n  -V,    --version             Print the package version.\n         --n num               Number of characters to return. Default: 1.\n         --split sep           Delimiter for stdin data. Default: '/\\\\r?\\\\n/'.\n         --mode mode           Type of character to return. Default: 'grapheme'.\n```\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.usage --\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- CLI usage notes. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. --\u003e\n\n\u003csection class=\"notes\"\u003e\n\n### Notes\n\n-   If the split separator is a [regular expression][mdn-regexp], ensure that the `split` option is either properly escaped or enclosed in quotes.\n\n    ```bash\n    # Not escaped...\n    $ echo -n $'beep\\nboop' | last --split /\\r?\\n/\n\n    # Escaped...\n    $ echo -n $'beep\\nboop' | last --split /\\\\r?\\\\n/\n    ```\n\n-   The implementation ignores trailing delimiters.\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.notes --\u003e\n\n\u003csection class=\"examples\"\u003e\n\n### Examples\n\n```bash\n$ last beep\np\n```\n\nTo use as a [standard stream][standard-streams],\n\n```bash\n$ echo -n 'beep\\nboop' | last --n=2\nep\nop\n```\n\nBy default, when used as a [standard stream][standard-streams], the implementation assumes newline-delimited data. To specify an alternative delimiter, set the `split` option.\n\n```bash\n$ echo -n 'beep\\tboop' | last --split '\\t'\np\np\n```\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.examples --\u003e\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.cli --\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- Section for related `stdlib` packages. Do not manually edit this section, as it is automatically populated. --\u003e\n\n\u003csection class=\"related\"\u003e\n\n* * *\n\n## See Also\n\n-   \u003cspan class=\"package-name\"\u003e[`@stdlib/string-first`][@stdlib/string/first]\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"delimiter\"\u003e: \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"description\"\u003ereturn the first character(s) of a string.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.related --\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. --\u003e\n\n\n\u003csection class=\"main-repo\" \u003e\n\n* * *\n\n## Notice\n\nThis package is part of [stdlib][stdlib], a standard library for JavaScript and Node.js, with an emphasis on numerical and scientific computing. The library provides a collection of robust, high performance libraries for mathematics, statistics, streams, utilities, and more.\n\nFor more information on the project, filing bug reports and feature requests, and guidance on how to develop [stdlib][stdlib], see the main project [repository][stdlib].\n\n#### Community\n\n[![Chat][chat-image]][chat-url]\n\n---\n\n## License\n\nSee [LICENSE][stdlib-license].\n\n\n## Copyright\n\nCopyright \u0026copy; 2016-2024. The Stdlib [Authors][stdlib-authors].\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.stdlib --\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. --\u003e\n\n\u003csection class=\"links\"\u003e\n\n[npm-image]: http://img.shields.io/npm/v/@stdlib/string-last.svg\n[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/@stdlib/string-last\n\n[test-image]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?branch=main\n[test-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/actions/workflows/test.yml?query=branch:main\n\n[coverage-image]: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/stdlib-js/string-last/main.svg\n[coverage-url]: https://codecov.io/github/stdlib-js/string-last?branch=main\n\n\u003c!--\n\n[dependencies-image]: https://img.shields.io/david/stdlib-js/string-last.svg\n[dependencies-url]: https://david-dm.org/stdlib-js/string-last/main\n\n--\u003e\n\n[chat-image]: https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/stdlib-js/stdlib.svg\n[chat-url]: https://app.gitter.im/#/room/#stdlib-js_stdlib:gitter.im\n\n[stdlib]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib\n\n[stdlib-authors]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/graphs/contributors\n\n[cli-section]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last#cli\n[cli-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/tree/cli\n[@stdlib/string-last]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/tree/main\n\n[umd]: https://github.com/umdjs/umd\n[es-module]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Modules\n\n[deno-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/tree/deno\n[deno-readme]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/blob/deno/README.md\n[umd-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/tree/umd\n[umd-readme]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/blob/umd/README.md\n[esm-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/tree/esm\n[esm-readme]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/blob/esm/README.md\n[branches-url]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-last/blob/main/branches.md\n\n[stdlib-license]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stdlib-js/string-last/main/LICENSE\n\n[standard-streams]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_streams\n\n[mdn-regexp]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions\n\n\u003c!-- \u003crelated-links\u003e --\u003e\n\n[@stdlib/string/first]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/string-first\n\n\u003c!-- \u003c/related-links\u003e --\u003e\n\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- /.links --\u003e\n","funding_links":["https://github.com/sponsors/stdlib-js","https://opencollective.com/stdlib","https://tidelift.com/funding/github/npm/@stdlib/stdlib"],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fstdlib-js%2Fstring-last","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fstdlib-js%2Fstring-last","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fstdlib-js%2Fstring-last/lists"}