{"id":15030049,"url":"https://github.com/stevenblack/hosts","last_synced_at":"2026-02-23T04:15:59.201Z","repository":{"id":2992366,"uuid":"4008931","full_name":"StevenBlack/hosts","owner":"StevenBlack","description":"🔒 Consolidating and extending hosts files from several well-curated sources. Optionally pick extensions for porn, social media, and other categories.","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2026-01-19T18:33:50.000Z","size":1727664,"stargazers_count":29660,"open_issues_count":132,"forks_count":2384,"subscribers_count":567,"default_branch":"master","last_synced_at":"2026-01-19T21:45:01.304Z","etag":null,"topics":["ad-blocker","anti-virus","curated-sources","gambling-filter","hosts","malware","porn-filter","pornblocker","privacy","protection","python","ransomware","security","social-media-filter","trojans","unified-hosts"],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"","language":"Python","has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"mit","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/StevenBlack.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"readme.md","changelog":null,"contributing":"contributing.md","funding":".github/FUNDING.yml","license":"license.txt","code_of_conduct":"code_of_conduct.md","threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null},"funding":{"github":["StevenBlack","funilrys","XhmikosR"]}},"created_at":"2012-04-12T20:22:50.000Z","updated_at":"2026-01-19T19:49:32.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2023-12-16T15:29:32.224Z","dependency_job_id":"577a39c2-db9c-42c5-8d2a-506e6a7dc669","html_url":"https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts","commit_stats":{"total_commits":2888,"total_committers":147,"mean_commits":19.64625850340136,"dds":0.2389196675900277,"last_synced_commit":"fc10d0f81da8da6f17c0d6816763de129ead978f"},"previous_names":[],"tags_count":822,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/StevenBlack/hosts","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/StevenBlack%2Fhosts","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/StevenBlack%2Fhosts/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/StevenBlack%2Fhosts/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/StevenBlack%2Fhosts/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/StevenBlack","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tar.gz/refs/heads/master","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/StevenBlack%2Fhosts/sbom","scorecard":{"id":134432,"data":{"date":"2025-08-11","repo":{"name":"github.com/StevenBlack/hosts","commit":"a11705bff29cdf2744dfdf7463a4000ee67d2ba4"},"scorecard":{"version":"v5.2.1-40-gf6ed084d","commit":"f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389"},"score":6,"checks":[{"name":"Code-Review","score":1,"reason":"Found 3/27 approved changesets -- score normalized to 1","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project requires human code review before pull requests (aka merge requests) are merged.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#code-review"}},{"name":"Dangerous-Workflow","score":10,"reason":"no dangerous workflow patterns detected","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project's GitHub Action workflows avoid dangerous patterns.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#dangerous-workflow"}},{"name":"Maintained","score":10,"reason":"30 commit(s) and 14 issue activity found in the last 90 days -- score normalized to 10","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project is \"actively maintained\".","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#maintained"}},{"name":"Token-Permissions","score":9,"reason":"detected GitHub workflow tokens with excessive permissions","details":["Info: jobLevel 'actions' permission set to 'read': .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml:21","Info: jobLevel 'contents' permission set to 'read': .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml:22","Info: jobLevel 'contents' permission set to 'read': .github/workflows/container.yml:19","Info: topLevel 'contents' permission set to 'read': .github/workflows/ci.yml:12","Warn: no topLevel permission defined: .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml:1","Warn: no topLevel permission defined: .github/workflows/container.yml:1","Info: topLevel 'contents' permission set to 'read': .github/workflows/depsreview.yaml:5","Info: no jobLevel write permissions found"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project's workflows follow the principle of least privilege.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#token-permissions"}},{"name":"CII-Best-Practices","score":0,"reason":"no effort to earn an OpenSSF best practices badge detected","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has an OpenSSF (formerly CII) Best Practices Badge.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#cii-best-practices"}},{"name":"Binary-Artifacts","score":10,"reason":"no binaries found in the repo","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has generated executable (binary) artifacts in the source repository.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#binary-artifacts"}},{"name":"Security-Policy","score":0,"reason":"security policy file not detected","details":["Warn: no security policy file detected","Warn: no security file to analyze","Warn: no security file to analyze","Warn: no security file to analyze"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has published a security policy.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#security-policy"}},{"name":"License","score":10,"reason":"license file detected","details":["Info: project has a license file: license.txt:0","Info: FSF or OSI recognized license: MIT License: license.txt:0"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has defined a license.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#license"}},{"name":"Fuzzing","score":0,"reason":"project is not fuzzed","details":["Warn: no fuzzer integrations found"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project uses fuzzing.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#fuzzing"}},{"name":"Signed-Releases","score":-1,"reason":"no releases found","details":null,"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project cryptographically signs release artifacts.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#signed-releases"}},{"name":"Branch-Protection","score":0,"reason":"branch protection not enabled on development/release branches","details":["Warn: branch protection not enabled for branch 'master'"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the default and release branches are protected with GitHub's branch protection settings.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#branch-protection"}},{"name":"Vulnerabilities","score":9,"reason":"1 existing vulnerabilities detected","details":["Warn: Project is vulnerable to: GHSA-9hjg-9r4m-mvj7"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has open, known unfixed vulnerabilities.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#vulnerabilities"}},{"name":"Pinned-Dependencies","score":0,"reason":"dependency not pinned by hash detected -- score normalized to 0","details":["Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/ci.yml:42: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/ci.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/ci.yml:47: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/ci.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml:27: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/codeql-analysis.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml:32: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/codeql-analysis.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml:38: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/codeql-analysis.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml:41: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/codeql-analysis.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/container.yml:23: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/container.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/container.yml:28: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/container.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/container.yml:31: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/container.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/container.yml:39: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/container.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: third-party GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/container.yml:44: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/container.yml/master?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/depsreview.yaml:12: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/depsreview.yaml/master?enable=pin","Warn: GitHub-owned GitHubAction not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/depsreview.yaml:17: update your workflow using https://app.stepsecurity.io/secureworkflow/StevenBlack/hosts/depsreview.yaml/master?enable=pin","Warn: containerImage not pinned by hash: Dockerfile:1: pin your Docker image by updating docker.io/python:3-alpine to docker.io/python:3-alpine@sha256:f196fd275fdad7287ccb4b0a85c2e402bb8c794d205cf6158909041c1ee9f38d","Warn: pipCommand not pinned by hash: Dockerfile:9","Warn: pipCommand not pinned by hash: .github/workflows/ci.yml:59","Info:   0 out of   9 GitHub-owned GitHubAction dependencies pinned","Info:   0 out of   4 third-party GitHubAction dependencies pinned","Info:   0 out of   1 containerImage dependencies pinned","Info:   0 out of   2 pipCommand dependencies pinned"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project has declared and pinned the dependencies of its build process.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#pinned-dependencies"}},{"name":"Packaging","score":10,"reason":"packaging workflow detected","details":["Info: Project packages its releases by way of GitHub Actions.: .github/workflows/container.yml:15"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project is published as a package that others can easily download, install, easily update, and uninstall.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#packaging"}},{"name":"SAST","score":8,"reason":"SAST tool detected but not run on all commits","details":["Info: SAST configuration detected: CodeQL","Warn: 4 commits out of 6 are checked with a SAST tool"],"documentation":{"short":"Determines if the project uses static code analysis.","url":"https://github.com/ossf/scorecard/blob/f6ed084d17c9236477efd66e5b258b9d4cc7b389/docs/checks.md#sast"}}]},"last_synced_at":"2025-08-16T06:05:33.281Z","repository_id":2992366,"created_at":"2025-08-16T06:05:33.282Z","updated_at":"2025-08-16T06:05:33.282Z"},"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":286080680,"owners_count":28647474,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-01-21T21:29:11.980Z","status":"ssl_error","status_checked_at":"2026-01-21T21:24:31.872Z","response_time":86,"last_error":"SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 peeraddr=140.82.121.5:443 state=error: unexpected eof while reading","robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":false,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":["ad-blocker","anti-virus","curated-sources","gambling-filter","hosts","malware","porn-filter","pornblocker","privacy","protection","python","ransomware","security","social-media-filter","trojans","unified-hosts"],"created_at":"2024-09-24T20:12:18.901Z","updated_at":"2026-02-23T04:15:59.178Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/StevenBlack.png","language":"Python","readme":"\u003e [!IMPORTANT]\n\u003e **Cloning this repository can take a long time!**\n\u003e You probably just want to start with the latest version, not its whole history since 2018.\n\u003e **Therefore** you probably want to use `git clone --depth 1 ...` to save significant time.\n\n\n\u003e [!NOTE]\n\u003e With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to\n`hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the\nproduced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that\ncontributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data\nsources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.\n\n---\n\n![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)\n\n[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)\n[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)\n[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)\n[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)\n[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/ci.yml?branch=master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions/workflows/ci.yml?query=branch%3Amaster)\n[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000)](https://github.com/python/black)\n[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)\n[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)\n[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)\n\n# Unified hosts file with base extensions\n\nThis repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them\ninto a unified hosts file with duplicates removed. A variety of tailored hosts\nfiles are provided.\n\n**Therefore this repository is a hosts file aggregator.**\n\n![Aggregator](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/aggregator.png)\n\n- Last updated: **February 23 2026**.\n- Here's the\n  [raw hosts file Unified hosts file with base extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts)\n  containing 78,112 entries.\n\n![Size history](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts_file_size_history.png)\n\n## List of all hosts file variants\n\nThis repository offers\n[31 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates),\nin addition to the base variant, with and without the unified hosts included.\n\nThe **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like\n[Hostsman for Windows](https://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work\nwith GitHub download links.\n\n| Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror |\n| ---------------- | :----: | :-------: | :------------: | :---------------: |\nUnified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 78,112 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 80,726 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)\n**fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-only/hosts) | 2,188 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 84,421 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)\n**gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-only/hosts) | 5,895 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 154,326 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)\n**porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-only/hosts) | 76,509 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 81,752 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)\n**social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social-only/hosts) | 3,243 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 86,609 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)\n**fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-only/hosts) | 8,089 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 156,514 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)\n**fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-only/hosts) | 78,703 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 83,940 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)\n**fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social-only/hosts) | 5,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 160,209 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)\n**gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-only/hosts) | 82,404 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 87,635 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)\n**gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social-only/hosts) | 9,138 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 157,538 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)\n**porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social-only/hosts) | 79,750 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 162,397 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)\n**fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-only/hosts) | 84,598 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 89,823 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)\n**fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social-only/hosts) | 11,332 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 159,726 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)\n**fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social-only/hosts) | 81,944 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 163,421 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)\n**gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social-only/hosts) | 85,645 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social-only/hosts)\nUnified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 165,609 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)\n**fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social-only/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social-only/hosts) | 87,787 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social-only/hosts)\n\n\n**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless\nof OS.\n\n## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant\n\nUpdated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and\nincluded:\n\n| Host file source | Home page | Raw hosts | License | Issues | Description |\n| ---------------- | :-------: | :-------: | :-----: | :----: | ----------- |\nSteven Black's ad-hoc list |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)| Additional sketch domains as I come across them.\nAdAway |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)| AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file.\nadd.2o7Net |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)| 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](https://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.\nadd.Dead |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)| Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](https://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.\nadd.Risk |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)| Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](https://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.\nadd.Spam |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)| Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](https://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.\nMitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)| Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers\nhostsVN |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)| Hosts block ads of Vietnamese\nKADhosts |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FiltersHeroes/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com//FiltersHeroes/KADhosts/issues)| Fraud/adware/scam websites.\nminecraft-hosts |[link](https://github.com/jamiemansfield/minecraft-hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jamiemansfield/minecraft-hosts/master/lists/tracking.txt) | CC0-1.0 | [issues](https://github.com/jamiemansfield/minecraft-hosts/issues)| Minecraft related tracker hosts\nMVPS hosts file |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)| The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file.\nDan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)| How to make the internet not suck (as much).\nTiuxo hostlist - ads |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)| Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking\nUncheckyAds |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)| Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content.\nURLHaus |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | CC0 | [issues](mailto:contactme@abuse.ch)| A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs.\nyoyo.org |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts\u0026mimetype=plaintext\u0026useip=0.0.0.0) |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)| Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames.\n\n\n## Extensions\n\nThe unified hosts file is optionally extensible. Extensions are used to include\ndomains by category. Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`,\n`social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.\n\nExtensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts\nfile. The combined products are stored in the\n[`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates)\nfolder.\n\nData for extensions are stored in the\n[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)\nfolder. You manage extensions by curating this folder tree, where you will find\nthe data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we\nmaintain and provide for you.\n\n## Generate your own unified hosts file\n\nYou have three options to generate your own hosts file. You can use our\ncontainer image, build your own image, or do it in your own environment. Option\n#1 is easiest if you have Linux with Docker installed.\n\n### Option 1: Use our container image (Linux only)\n\n\u003e This will replace your `/etc/hosts`.\n\nWe assume you have Docker available on your host. Just run the following\ncommand. Set extensions to your preference.\n\n```sh\ndocker run --pull always --rm -it -v /etc/hosts:/etc/hosts \\\nghcr.io/stevenblack/hosts:latest updateHostsFile.py --auto \\\n--replace --extensions gambling porn\n```\n\nIf you want to add custom hosts or a whitelist, create either or both files as\nper [the instructions](#how-do-i-control-which-sources-are-unified) and add the\nfollowing arguments _before_ `ghcr.io/stevenblack/hosts:latest` depending on\nwhich you wish to use.\n\n```sh\n-v \"path/to/myhosts:/hosts/myhosts\" \\\n-v \"path/to/whitelist:/hosts/whitelist\" \\\n```\n\nYou can rerun this exact command later to update based on the latest available\nhosts (for example, add it to a weekly cron job).\n\n### Option 2: Generate your own container image\n\nWe provide the\n[Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) used\nby the previous step, which you can use to create a container image with\neverything you need. The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency\nrequirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.\n\nBuild the Docker container from the root of this repo like this:\n\n```sh\ndocker build --no-cache . -t stevenblack-hosts\n```\n\nThen run your command as such:\n\n```sh\ndocker run --rm -it stevenblack-hosts updateHostsFile.py\n```\n\n\u003e This will create the hosts file, and remove it with the container when done,\n\u003e so not very useful. You can use the example in option #1 to add volumes so\n\u003e files on your host are replaced.\n\n### Option 3: Generate it in your own environment\n\nTo generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.6 or later.\n\nFirst, install the dependencies with:\n\n```sh\npip3 install --user -r requirements.txt\n```\n\n**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies\nat the user level. More information about it can be found on pip\n[documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).\n\n### Option 4: Generate it in Google Colab\n\nSpin up a free remote [Google Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1tYWXpU2iuPDqN_o03JW9ml3ExO80eBLq?usp=sharing) environment.\n\n### Common steps regardless of your development environment\n\nTo **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:\n\n```sh\npython3 testUpdateHostsFile.py\n```\n\nThe `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the\nsources in the local `data/` subfolder. The script will prompt you whether it\nshould fetch updated versions (from locations defined by the `update.json` text\nfile in each source's folder). Otherwise, it will use the `hosts` file that's\nalready there.\n\n```sh\npython3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]\n```\n\n#### Command line options\n\n`--help`, or `-h`: display help.\n\n`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,\n\n- Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.\n- No extensions are included by default. Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag to\n  include any you want.\n- Your active hosts file is _not_ replaced unless you include the `--replace`\n  flag.\n\n`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate\nover them.\n\n`--extensions \u003cext1\u003e \u003cext2\u003e \u003cext3\u003e`, or `-e \u003cext1\u003e \u003cext2\u003e \u003cext3\u003e`: the names of\nsubfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional category-specific\nhosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example: `--extensions porn` or\n`-e social porn`.\n\n`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache. Only\nactive when `--replace` is also active.\n\n`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the\ntarget. Default is `0.0.0.0`.\n\n`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments\nthat appear on the same line as domains. The default is `true`.\n\n`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.\n\n`--output \u003csubfolder\u003e`, or `-o \u003csubfolder\u003e`: place the generated source file in\na subfolder. If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.\n\n`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts\n\n`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard\nsection at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`. This is useful\nfor configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.\n\n`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the\nreadmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files. This is useful if you\nare generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to\nkeep your local checkout of this repo unmodified.\n\n`--nounifiedhosts`: `false` (default) or `true`, do not include the unified hosts\nfile in the final hosts file. Usually used together with `--extensions`.\n\n`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, _Compress_ the hosts file\nignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple\ndomains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves\nthe performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).\n\n`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts\neach domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations\nof URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which\nallows multiple hosts on a single line.\n\n`--blacklist \u003cblacklistfile\u003e`, or `-x \u003cblacklistfile\u003e`: Append the given\nblacklist file in hosts format to the generated hosts file.\n\n`--whitelist \u003cwhitelistfile\u003e`, or `-w \u003cwhitelistfile\u003e`: Use the given whitelist\nfile to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.\n\n## How do I control which sources are unified?\n\nAdd one or more _additional_ sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/` folder,\nand specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.\n\nAdd one or more _optional_ extensions, which originate from subfolders of the\n`extensions/` folder. Again the url in `update.json` controls where this\nextension finds its updates.\n\nCreate an _optional_ `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a\nlisting of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the\nunified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is included,\nand may be modified as you need.\n\n- NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be\n  overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.\n\n### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?\n\nIf you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`. The contents of\nthis file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update process.\n\nThe `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be\noverridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.\n\n### How do I prevent domains from being included?\n\nThe domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts\nfile.\n\nThe `whitelist` uses partial matching. Therefore if you whitelist\n`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged into\nthe final hosts file.\n\nThe `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be\noverridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.\n\n## How can I contribute hosts records?\n\nIf you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some\nways to contribute them.\n\n### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources\n\nThe best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the\ndata providers whose home pages are\n[listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant).\nThis is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and\nupdated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.\n\n### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request\n\nFork this hosts this repo and add your links to\n[https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).\n\nThen, submit a pull request.\n\n**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation\nfalls on us. So this creates more work for us.\n\n### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub\n\nIf you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate\nyour own hosts list. Then signal the existence of your repo as\n[a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include\nyour new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new\nversions.\n\n## What is a hosts file?\n\nA hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file used\nby all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.\n\nIn most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`. Therefore\nif a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never leaves your\ncomputer.\n\nHaving a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,\nand other irritants.\n\nFor example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these\nlines to your hosts file will do it:\n\n```text\n# block doubleClick's servers\n0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net\n0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net\n0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net\n0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net\n0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net\n# etc...\n```\n\n## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`\n\nTraditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the _loopback address_, to\nestablish an IP connection to the local machine.\n\nWe prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used\nto designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.\n\nUsing `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a\ntimeout resolution. It also does not interfere with a web server that may be\nrunning on the local PC.\n\n## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?\n\nWe tried that. Using `0` doesn't work universally.\n\n## Location of your hosts file\n\nTo modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and\nmodify it with a text editor.\n\n- **macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts`\n  file.\n- **macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.\n- **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\\system32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts` file.\n\n## Gentoo\n\nGentoo users may find\n[`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts)\nin [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay\n\n## NixOS\n\nTo install hosts file on your machine add the following into your\n`configuration.nix`:\n\n```nix\n{\n  networking.extraHosts = let\n    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;\n    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;\n  in builtins.readFile \"${hostsFile}\";\n}\n```\n\n- NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.\n- NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure. Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact\n  commit if you want to always get the same result.\n\n### Nix Flake\n\nNixOS installations which are managed through _flakes_ can use the hosts file\nlike this:\n\n```nix\n{\n  inputs = {\n    nixpkgs.url = \"github:NixOS/nixpkgs?ref=$YOUR-REF\";\n    hosts = {\n      url = \"github:StevenBlack/hosts\"; # or a fork/mirror\n      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = \"nixpkgs\";\n    };\n  };\n\n  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, hosts }: {\n    nixosConfigurations.my-hostname = {\n      system = \"\u003carchitecture\u003e\";\n      modules = [\n        hosts.nixosModule {\n          networking.stevenBlackHosts.enable = true;\n        }\n      ];\n    };\n  };\n}\n```\n\nThe hosts extensions are also available with the following options:\n\n```nix\n{\n  networking.stevenBlackHosts = {\n    enableIPv6 = true;\n    blockFakenews = true;\n    blockGambling = true;\n    blockPorn = true;\n    blockSocial = true;\n  };\n}\n```\n\nIPv6 rules are enabled by default when `networking.enableIPv6` is set to `true`.\n\n## Updating hosts file on Windows\n\n(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)\n\n### For older versions of Windows\n\nOn Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more work is required due\nto compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:\n\n```sh\nupdateHostsWindows.bat\n```\n\nThis file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in the\nrepository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also\nreplace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without\nsaying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.\n\nTo open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the\nfollowing:\n\n- **Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`\n- **Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →\n  \"Run as Administrator\"\n- **Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click\n  Command Prompt → \"Run as Administrator\"\n- **Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt → \"Run\n  as Administrator\"\n\n### For new versions of Windows\n\nOn modern versions of Windows (10 and especially 11) not all features of the\naforementioned batch script work (specifically checking if the current shell has\nadministrative priviliges) and therefore a more modern approach is recommended.\n\nThe provided `updateHostsWindows.ps1` is a Powershell 5.1 script that does the\nsame thing as the batch script, but without the need for the python script, with\nadded options, and uses only built-in commands (self-contained). As with the\nbatch file it **MUST** be ran with administrative privildges, but it can\nrelaunch itself if not.\n\nTo run execute the script type:\n```Powershell\n.\\updateHostsWindows.ps1\n```\ninto any available Windows command line and for detailed information type:\n```Powershell\nGet-Help .\\updateHostsWindows.ps1 -Full\n```\n\nNewer Windows comes with several issues (that can be overcome) and for more\ninformation and solutions please visit the home of this script [here](https://github.com/Lateralus138/updateHostsWindows-stevenblack).\n\n---\n\nYou can also refer to the \"Third-Party Hosts Managers\" section for further\nrecommended solutions from third parties.\n\n### Warning: Using this `hosts` file in Windows may require disabling DNS Cache service\n\nWindows has issues with larger hosts files. Recent changes in security within\nWindows 10 denies access to changing services via other tools except registry\nhacks. Use the `disable-dnscache-service-win.cmd` file to make proper changes to\nthe Windows registry. You will need to reboot your device once that's done. See\nthe\n[the comments within the `cmd` file](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/disable-dnscache-service-win.bat)\nfor more details.\n\nDisabling the DNS Cache Service can cause issues with services and applications like *WSL* and it's possible to compress the hosts file and negate the need to disable the DNS caching service. You can try the *C++* Windows command line tool at [Hosts Compress - Windows](https://github.com/Lateralus138/hosts-compress-windows) (the recommended method) or the *PowerShell* compression script and check out the guide located at the [Hosts Compression Scripts](https://github.com/Lateralus138/hosts-compression-scripts) repository.\n\n## Reloading hosts file\n\nYour operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the\nfollowing commands to manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is\nin place.\n\nThe Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on\n`chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts\nfile. See: \u003chttps://superuser.com/questions/723703\u003e\n\n### Windows\n\nOpen a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:\n\n```bat\nipconfig /flushdns\n```\n\n### Linux\n\nOpen a Terminal and run with root privileges:\n\n- **Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`\n- **Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`\n- **Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`\n- **Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`\n- **Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**:\n  `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`\n- **Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`\n- **RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`\n- **FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`\n\n  To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the\n  following commands:\n\n  ```sh\n  sudo sysrc nscd_enable=\"YES\"\n  sudo service nscd start\n  ```\n\n  Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the\n  following:\n\n  ```text\n  hosts: cache files dns\n  ```\n\n- **NixOS**: The `nscd.service` is automatically restarted when the option\n  `networking.extraHosts` was changed.\n- **Others**: Consult\n  [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).\n\n### macOS\n\nAs described in [this article](https://osxdaily.com/2022/11/21/how-clear-dns-cache-macos-ventura-monterey/),\nopen a Terminal and run:\n\n```sh\nsudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder\n```\n\n## Release management\n\nThis repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an\nexcellent CLI release tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate\ncreating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases). This is why\nthe\n[package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json)\nand\n[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json)\nfiles are bundled.\n\n## Goals of this unified hosts file\n\nThe goals of this repo are to:\n\n1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,\n2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,\n3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,\n4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.\n\nA high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated. A hosts\nsource should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both additions and\nremovals. The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of curation is\nexpected.\n\nIt is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile\ndevices under a variety of operating systems.\n\n## Third-Party Hosts Managers\n\n- [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate \"Unified Hosts AutoUpdate\")\n  (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this\n  unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members.\n  You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to\n  date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an\n  organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by\n  community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are\n  most welcome.\n- [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager,\n  written in Java, by Christian Martínez. Check it out!\n- [SaneHosts](https://sanehosts.com \"SaneHosts\") (for macOS): A native hosts file manager with profile-based blocking, Touch ID protection, and support for 200+ curated blocklists. Open source.\n\n## Interesting Applications\n\n- [Hosts-BL](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Hosts-BL \"Hosts-BL\") is a simple\n  tool to handle hosts file black lists. It can remove comments, remove\n  duplicates, compress to 9 domains per line, add IPv6 entries. In addition, it\n  can also convert black lists to multiple other black list formats compatible\n  with other software, such as dnsmasq, DualServer, RPZ, Privoxy, and Unbound,\n  to name a few.\n- [Host Minder](https://github.com/jeremehancock/hostminder#readme) is a simple\n  GUI that allows you to easily update your /etc/hosts file to one of four\n  consolidated hosts files from StevenBlack/hosts. It is provided as a deb\n  package and comes pre-installed on [UbuntuCE](https://ubuntuce.com/).\n- [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash\n  script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy.\n  And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast\n  installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.\n- [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility\n  to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file. If our hosts files are\n  too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can\n  use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you\n  download fresh versions of hosts.\n- [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config)\n  helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a\n  [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh)\n  to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In\n  combination with a\n  [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist)\n  it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both,\n  download the GitHub repo and run the\n  [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh)\n  from the directory one level up.\n- [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker\n  that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi).\n  Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.\n- [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns \"Block ads and malware via local DNS server\")\n  (for Debian, Raspbian \u0026 Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a\n  `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.\n- [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ \"Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server\")\n  (for BSD, Windows \u0026 Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network\n  using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're\n  on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating\n  DualServer's blacklist even easier.\n- [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html \"Blocking ads and malwares with unbound\")\n  –\n  [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ \"Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.\")\n  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.\n- [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware)\n  This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and\n  uses `wget` \u0026 `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file\n  and convert it to the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6.\n  Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into\n  `/etc/cron.weekly` (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited,\n  also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.\n- [BlackHosts - Command Line Installer/Updater](https://github.com/Lateralus138/blackhosts)\n  This is a cross-platform command line utility to help install/update hosts\n  files found at this repository.\n- [Hosts Compression Scripts](https://github.com/Lateralus138/hosts-compression-scripts) These are various scripts to help compress hosts files (by the author of BlackHosts).\n- [Hosts Compress - Windows](https://github.com/Lateralus138/hosts-compress-windows) This is a *C++* Windows command line tool to help compress hosts files (by the author of BlackHosts and Hosts Compression Scripts). This is highly recommended over the scripts as it is **exponentially faster**.\n- [dnscrypt-proxy](https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Combining-Blocklists)\n  provides a tool to build block lists from local and remote lists in common\n  formats.\n- [Control D](https://controld.com/free-dns)\n  offers a public anycast network hosted mirror of the Unified (Adware + Malware) blocklist:\n  - Legacy DNS: `76.76.2.35`, `76.76.10.35`, `2606:1a40::35`, `2606:1a40:1::35`\n  - DNS-over-HTTPS/TLS/DOQ: `https://freedns.controld.com/x-stevenblack`, `x-stevenblack.freedns.controld.com`\n\n## Contribute\n\nPlease read our\n[Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md).\nAmong other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this\nrepository.\n\nWe are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts. If you\nfind one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to\ndraw our attention.\n\nBefore you create or respond to any issue, please read our\n[code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).\n\nLogo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee) Thank you!.\n","funding_links":["https://github.com/sponsors/StevenBlack","https://github.com/sponsors/funilrys","https://github.com/sponsors/XhmikosR"],"categories":[],"sub_categories":[],"project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fstevenblack%2Fhosts","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fstevenblack%2Fhosts","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fstevenblack%2Fhosts/lists"}