{"id":13419090,"url":"https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile","last_synced_at":"2025-03-15T04:32:01.518Z","repository":{"id":38185402,"uuid":"3570431","full_name":"sudar/Arduino-Makefile","owner":"sudar","description":"Makefile for Arduino sketches. 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It defines entire workflows for compiling code, flashing it to Arduino and even communicating through Serial monitor. You don't need to change anything in the Arduino sketches.\n\n## Features\n\n- Very robust\n- Highly customizable\n- Supports all official AVR-based Arduino boards\n- Supports official ARM-based Arduino boards using Atmel SAM chip family\nand includes on-device debugging targets.\n- Supports chipKIT\n- Supports Teensy 3.x (via Teensyduino)\n- Supports Robotis OpenCR 1.0\n- Works on all three major OS (Mac, Linux, Windows)\n- Auto detects serial baud rate and libraries used\n- Support for `*.ino` and `*.pde` sketches as well as raw `*.c` and `*.cpp`\n- Support for Arduino Software versions 0.x, 1.0.x, 1.5.x and 1.6.x except 1.6.2.\nWe recommend 1.6.3 or above version of Arduino IDE.\n- Automatic dependency tracking. Referred libraries are automatically included\nin the build process. Changes in `*.h` files lead to recompilation of sources which include them\n\n## Installation\n\n### Through package\n\n#### Using apt-get (or aptitude)\n\nIf you're using FreeBSD, Debian, Raspbian or Ubuntu, you can find this in the `arduino-mk`\npackage which can be installed using `apt-get` or `aptitude`.\n\n```sh\nsudo apt-get install arduino-mk\n```\n\n#### homebrew (or linuxbrew)\n\nIf you're using homebrew (or [linuxbrew](https://github.com/Homebrew/linuxbrew)) then you can find this in the\n`arduino-mk` package which can be installed using the following commands.\n\nAlso make sure you have the necessary dependencies installed. Refer to the [Requirements](#requirements) section below to install the dependencies.\n\n```sh\n# add tap\n$ brew tap sudar/arduino-mk\n\n# to install the last stable release\n$ brew install arduino-mk\n\n# to install the development version\n$ brew install --HEAD arduino-mk\n```\n\n#### Arch Linux\n\nArch Linux users can use the unofficial AUR package [arduino-mk](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/arduino-mk/).\nIt can be installed with [AUR] helper using the following command.\n\n```sh\nyay -S arduino-mk\n```\n\n#### Fedora\n\nFedora Linux users can use our packaging instructions [here](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/tree/master/packaging/fedora)\nto build an RPM.\n\n### From source\n\n- Download the latest release\n- Or clone it from Github using the command `git clone git@github.com:sudar/Arduino-Makefile.git`\n- Check the [usage section](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile#usage) in this readme about setting usage options\n\n## Requirements\n\n### Arduino IDE\n\nYou need to have the Arduino IDE. You can either install it through the\ninstaller or download the distribution zip file and extract it.\n\n### pySerial\n\nThe Makefile also delegates resetting the board to a short Python program.\nYou'll need to install [`pySerial`](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyserial) to use it though.\n\nOn most systems you should be able to install it using either `pip3` or `easy_install3`.\n\n```sh\npip3 install pyserial\n\n# or if you prefer easy_install\n\neasy_install3 -U pyserial\n```\n\nIf you prefer to install it as a package, then you can do that as well.\n\nOn Debian or Ubuntu:\n\n```sh\napt-get install python3-serial\n```\n\nOn Fedora:\n\n```sh\ndnf install python3-pyserial\n```\n\nOn openSUSE:\n\n```sh\nzypper install python3-serial\n```\n\nOn Arch:\n\n```sh\nsudo pacman -S python-pyserial\n```\n\nOn macOS using Homebrew (one can install to System Python but this is not recommend or good practice):\n\n```sh\nbrew install python\npip3 install pyserial\n```\n\nOn Windows:\n\nYou need to install Cygwin and its packages for Make, Perl, Python3 and the following Serial library.\n\nAssuming you included Python in your Cygwin installation:\n\n1. download PySerial source package from [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyserial](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyserial)\n2. extract downloaded package running `tar xvzf dowloaded_package_name.tar.gz`\n3. navigate to extracted package folder\n4. build and install Python module: \n \n```\npython3 setup.py build\npython3 setup.py install\n```\n\nAlternatively, if you have setup Cygwin to use a Windows Python installation,\nsimply install using pip:\n\n```\npip3 install pyserial\n```\n\nArduino-Makefile should automatically detect the Python installation type and\nuse the correct device port binding.\n\n## Usage\n\nDownload a copy of this repo somewhere to your system or install it through a package by following the above installation instruction.\n\nSample makefiles are provided in the `examples/` directory.  E.g. [Makefile-example](examples/MakefileExample/Makefile-example.mk) demonstrates some of the more advanced options,\nwhilst [Blink](examples/Blink/Makefile) demonstrates the minimal settings required for various boards like the Uno, Nano, Mega, Teensy, ATtiny etc.\n\n### Mac\n\nOn the Mac with IDE 1.0 you might want to set:\n\n```make\n    ARDUINO_DIR   = /Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Resources/Java\n    ARDMK_DIR     = /usr/local\n    AVR_TOOLS_DIR = /usr\n    MONITOR_PORT  = /dev/ttyACM0\n    BOARD_TAG     = mega2560\n```\n\nOn the Mac with IDE 1.5+ it's like above but with\n\n```make\n    ARDUINO_DIR   = /Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java\n```\n### Linux\n\nYou can either declare following variables in your project's makefile or set them as environmental variables.\n\n```make\n    ARDUINO_DIR – Directory where Arduino is installed\n    ARDMK_DIR – Directory where you have copied the makefile\n    AVR_TOOLS_DIR – Directory where avr tools are installed\n```\n\nKeep in mind, that Arduino 1.5.x+ comes with it's own copy of avr tools which you can leverage in your build process here.\n\nExample of  ~/.bashrc file:\n\n```make\n    export ARDUINO_DIR=/home/sudar/apps/arduino-1.0.5\n    export ARDMK_DIR=/home/sudar/Dropbox/code/Arduino-Makefile\n    export AVR_TOOLS_DIR=/usr/include\n```\n\nExample of the project's make file:\n\n```make\n    BOARD_TAG     = mega2560\n    MONITOR_PORT  = /dev/ttyACM0\n```\n\n### Windows\n\nOn Windows (using Cygwin), you might want to set:\n\n```make\n    # Symbolic link to Arduino installation directory - see below\n    ARDUINO_DIR   = C:/Arduino\n    ARDMK_DIR     = path/to/mkfile\n    MONITOR_PORT  = com3\n    BOARD_TAG     = mega2560\n```\n\n**NOTE: Use forward slash not backslash and there should be no spaces or\nspecial characters in the Windows paths (due to Win/Unix crossover). The paths\nshould not be *cygdrive* paths.**\n\nOn Windows (using MSYS and PuTTY), you might want to set the following extra parameters:\n\n```make\n    MONITOR_CMD   = putty\n    MONITOR_PARAMS = 8,1,n,N\n```\n\nOn Arduino 1.5+ installs, you should set the architecture to either `avr` or `sam` and if using a submenu CPU type, then also set that:\n\n```make\n    ARCHITECTURE  = avr\n    BOARD_TAG     = atmegang\n    BOARD_SUB     = atmega168\n```\n\n#### Symbolic Link\n\nIt is recommended in Windows that you create a symbolic link to avoid problems with file naming conventions on Windows; unless one installs to a non-default location. For example, if your your Arduino directory is in:\n\n    C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\n\nYou will get problems with the special characters on the directory name. More details about this can be found in [issue #94](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/issues/94)\n\nTo create a symbolic link, you can use the command “mklink” on Windows, e.g.\n\n```sh\nmklink /d C:\\Arduino C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\n```\nAlternatively if you've setup Cygwin hard symbolic links ([CYGWIN=winsymlinks:native](https://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygwinenv.html)):\n\n```sh\nln -s /cygdrive/c/Program Files\\ \\(x86\\)/Arduino/ C:/Arduino\n```\n\nAfter which, the variables should be:\n\n```make\n    ARDUINO_DIR=C:/Arduino\n```\n\nInstead of:\n\n```make\n    ARDUINO_DIR=C:/Program\\ Files\\ \\(x86\\)/Arduino\n```\n\n### Useful Variables\n\nThe list of all variables that can be overridden is available at [arduino-mk-vars.md](arduino-mk-vars.md) file.\n\n- `BOARD_TAG` - Type of board, for a list see boards.txt or `make show_boards`\n- `MONITOR_PORT` - The port where your Arduino is plugged in, usually `/dev/ttyACM0` or `/dev/ttyUSB0` in Linux or Mac OS X and `com3`, `com4`, etc. in Windows.\n- `ARDUINO_DIR` - Path to Arduino installation. Using Windows with Cygwin,\n  this path must use Unix / and not Windows \\\\ (eg \"C:/Arduino\" not\n  \"C:\\\\Arduino).\n- `ARDMK_DIR`   - Path where the `*.mk` are present. If you installed the package, then it is usually `/usr/share/arduino`. On Windows, this should be a path without spaces and no special characters, it can be a *cygdrive* path if necessary and must use / not \\\\.\n- `AVR_TOOLS_DIR` - Path where the avr tools chain binaries are present. If you are going to use the binaries that came with Arduino installation, then you don't have to set it. Otherwise set it relative and not absolute.\n\n\n\n## Including Libraries\n\nYou can specify space separated list of libraries that are needed for your sketch in the variable `ARDUINO_LIBS`.\n\n```make\n\tARDUINO_LIBS = Wire SoftwareSerial\n```\n\nThe libraries will be searched for in the following places in the following order.\n\n- `/libraries` directory inside your sketchbook directory. Sketchbook directory will be auto detected from your Arduino preference file. You can also manually set it through `ARDUINO_SKETCHBOOK`.\n- `/libraries` directory inside your Arduino directory, which is read from `ARDUINO_DIR`.\n\nThe libraries inside user directories will take precedence over libraries present in Arduino core directory.\n\nThe makefile can autodetect the libraries that are included from your sketch and can include them automatically. But it can't detect libraries that are included from other libraries. (see [issue #93](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/issues/93))\n\n## avrdude\n\nTo upload compiled files, `avrdude` is used. This Makefile tries to find `avrdude` and its config (`avrdude.conf`) below `ARDUINO_DIR`. If you like to use the one installed on your system instead of the one which came with Arduino, you can try to set the variables `AVRDUDE` and `AVRDUDE_CONF`. On a typical Linux system these could be set to\n\n```make\n      AVRDUDE      = /usr/bin/avrdude\n      AVRDUDE_CONF = /etc/avrdude.conf\n```\n\n## Teensy 3.x\n\nFor Teensy 3.x support you must first install [Teensyduino](http://www.pjrc.com/teensy/teensyduino.html).\n\nSee examples/BlinkTeensy for example usage.\n\n## Robotis OpenCM\n\nFor Robotis OpenCM support you must first install [the OpenCM IDE](http://support.robotis.com/en/software/robotis_opencm/robotis_opencm.htm)\n\nSee examples/BlinkOpenCM for example usage.\n\nFor large Robotis projects, [libmaple](https://github.com/Rhoban/Maple) may be more appropriate, as the OpenCM IDE uses a very old compiler release.\n\n## Arduino ARM Boards\n\nFor Arduino boards using ARM architechure, specifically the Atmel SAM series\n((SAM3X8E) Due; (SAMD21) Arduino M0 [Pro], Zero, MKR1000, Feather M0, etc.), first\ninstall the board support package from the IDE or other distribution channels.\n\nDefine`ARDUINO_PACKAGE_DIR` as the root path containing the ARM support\npackage (the manufacturer folder) and the `BOARD_TAG` (see `make show_boards`\nfor help) within your project Makefile. Include 'Sam.mk' rather than\n  'Arduino.mk' at the end of your file - see examples/ZeroBlink,\n  examples/MZeroBlink and examples/DueBlink for example usage.\n\n**Note**: The Arduino IDE does not install board support packages to\nthe base Arduino installation directory (the directory that will work with AVR\nMakefiles). They are generally installed to a '.arduino15/packages' folder in\nthe users home directory. This is the reason for the new `ARDUINO_PACKAGE_DIR`\ndefine. On Windows, the package directory is often in the user home directory\nso advice is to create a symblic link to avoid slash/space in path problems.\nYou can also manually install support packages in your Sketchbook 'hardware'\nfolder, then define ARDUINO_PACKAGE_DIR as this path.\n\nIf using a SAM board from a manufacturer other than Arduino, one must still\ninstall the Arduino board support as above (unless using externally defined\ntoolchain) and then define the location of the manufacturer board support core\nusing the ALTERNATIVE_CORE_PATH define. For example: `ALTERNATE_CORE_PATH =\n$(ARDUINO_SKETCHBOOK)/hardware/sparkfun/samd`\n\nThe programing method will auto-detect based on the `BOARD_TAG` settings read\nfrom boards.txt:\n\nProgramming using OpenOCD CMSIS-DAP with the Programming/debug USB is\ncurrently supported (the same method used by the IDE), including burning\nbootloaders. External CMSIS tools such as Atmel Ice will also work with this\nmethod. Black Magic Probe (BMP) support is also included using GDB for both\nuploading and debugging.\n\nNative USB programing using Bossa (Due, Zero, MKR1000, Feather style bootloaders)\nand avrdude (M0 bootloaders) is supported. The bootloaders on these devices\nrequires a double press of the reset button or open/closing the serial port at\n1200 BAUD. The automatic entry of the bootloader is attempted using\n`ard-reset-arduino` when using the general `make upload` target by polling\nattached devices until the bootloader port re-attaches (same method as the\nIDE). On Windows, the USB enumerates as differnt COM ports for the CDC Serial\nand bootloader and these must be defined. On encountering problems, one can\nmanually enter the bootloader then upload using the `make raw_upload` target.\nNote that the `make reset` target will enter the bootloader on these devices;\nthere is no way to reset over USB.\n\nIf using system installed tools, be aware that `openocd` and `bossa` were\norginally forked for Arduino support and system distributions may not be up\nto date with merged changes. `bossa` must be version 1.7-\u003e. `openocd` should\nwork but there may be problems at run time\n[ref](https://github.com/pda/arduino-zero-without-ide). Ideally, use the\nsupport packaged version or compile and install the Arduino fork.\n\nWith the ARM chipset and using a CMSIS-DAP tool, on-device debugging is made available:\n\n* `debug_init` and `debug` targets for on-device debugging using GDB. To use\n  this, one must start the GDB server with `make debug_init \u0026`, followed by\n  connecting to the target with `make debug`. If using a Black Magic Probe,\n  one can just use `make debug`. At the moment, a system wide `arm-none-eabi-gdb` must be\n  installed as the one supplied with the Arduino toolchain\n  does not appear to work. \n* Example usage: https://asciinema.org/a/Jarz7Pr3gD6mqaZvCACQBzqix\n* See the examples/MZeroBlink Makefile for a commented example.\n\n## Versioning\n\nThe current version of the makefile is `1.6.0`. You can find the full history in the [HISTORY.md](HISTORY.md) file\n\nThis project adheres to Semantic [Versioning 2.0](http://semver.org/).\n\n## License\n\nThis makefile and the related documentation and examples are free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it\nunder the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as\npublished by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\n\n## Contribution\n\nAll contributions (even documentation) are welcome :) Open a pull request and I would be happy to merge them.\nAlso checkout the [contribution guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) for more details.\n\nIf you are looking for ideas to work on, then check out the following TODO items or the [issue tracker](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/issues/).\n\n## Limitations / Known Issues / TODO's\n\n- Since it doesn't do any pre processing like Arduino IDE, you have to declare all methods before you use them ([issue #59](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/issues/59))\n- More than one .ino or .pde file is not supported yet ([issue #49](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/issues/49))\n- When you compile for the first time, it builds all libs inside Arduino directory even if it is not needed. But while linking only the relevant files are linked. ([issue #29](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/issues/29)). Even Arduino IDE does the same thing though.\n- This makefile doesn't support boards or IDE from Arduino.org.\n\nIf you find an issue or have an idea for a feature then log them in the [issue tracker](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/issues/)\n\n## Interfacing with other projects/frameworks/IDE's\n\n### Colorgcc\n\nIt is possible to use [`colorgcc`](https://github.com/colorgcc/colorgcc) with this makefile. Check out [this comment](http://hardwarefun.com/tutorials/compiling-arduino-sketches-using-makefile#comment-1408) to find usage instructions.\n\n### Emacs/Flymake support\n\nOn-the-fly syntax checking in Emacs using the [Flymake](http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/FlyMake) minor mode is now possible.\n\nFirst, the flymake mode must be configured to recognize ino files :\n\nEdit the flymake configuration :\n\n```\n    M-x customize-option RET\n    flymake-allowed-file-name-masks RET\n```\n\nAdd the line :\n\n```\n      (\"\\\\.ino\\\\'\" flymake-simple-make-init)\n```\n\nThen click on \"Apply and Save\" button\n\nThen, the following line must be added to the project Makefile :\n\n```make\n    check-syntax:\n        $(CXX) -c -include Arduino.h   -x c++ $(CXXFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS)  -fsyntax-only $(CHK_SOURCES)\n```\n\n### Code:Blocks integration\n\nIn Code:Blocks open Project -\u003e Properties -\u003e Project settings tab -\u003e check \"This is custom Makefile\".\n\nNow go to Settings -\u003e Environment -\u003e Environment variables -\u003e Add\n\nAdd three keys with paths as values, using full paths (!):\n\n```make\n\tARDUINO_DIR=/full/path/to/arduino-1.0.6\n\tARDMK_DIR=/full/path/to/sketchbook\n\tAVR_TOOLS_DIR=/usr\n```\n\nNow to set DEBUG target (this will compile the project) go to Build options -\u003e Debug -\u003e \"Make\" commands\n\nIn Build Project/Target remove $target:\n\n```sh\n$make -f $makefile\n```\n\nIn Clean Project/Target remove $target:\n\n```sh\n$make -f $makefile clean\n```\n\nTo set the RELEASE target (which will compile and upload) go to Build options -\u003e Release -\u003e \"Make\" commands\n\nIn Build Project/Target put:\n\n```sh\n$make -f $makefile upload\n```\n\nIn Clean Project/Target remove $target:\n\n```sh\n$make -f $makefile clean\n```\n\n## Test Suite\n\nThis project includes a suite of example Makefiles and small Arduino and chipKIT\nprograms to assist the maintainers of the Makefile. Run\n`tests/script/bootstrap.sh` to attempt to automatically install the dependencies\n(Arduino IDE, MPIDE, etc.). Run `tests/script/runtests.sh` to attempt to compile\nall of the examples. The bootstrap script is primarily intended for use by a\ncontinuous integration server, specifically Travis CI. It is not intended for\nnormal users.\n\n## Makefile Generator and Project Initialisation\n\n`ardmk-init` within the bin/ folder is a utility Python script to create a\nArduino-mk Makefile for a project and also has option to create a traditional *tree*\norganization (src, lib, bin). It can be used as with commanline arguments or\nprompted - see examples below (append `$ARDMK_DIR/bin/` to command if not on path):\n\n* Run prompted within current working directory: `ardmk-init`\n* Create Arduino Uno Makefile (useful within a library example): `ardmk-init -qb uno`\n* Create boilerplate Arduino Uno project in current working directory of same\n  name: `ardmk-init -b uno --quiet --project`\n* Create Arduino-mk nano Makefile in current working directory with template .ino: `ardmk-init -b nano -u atmega328 -qtn my-project`\n* See `ardmk-init --help` for more.\n\n### Bare-Arduino–Project\n\nIf you are planning on using this makefile in a larger/professional project, you might want to take a look at the [Bare-Arduino–Project](https://github.com/WeAreLeka/Bare-Arduino-Project) framework.\n\nSimilar to HTML frameworks, [Bare-Arduino–Project](https://github.com/WeAreLeka/Bare-Arduino-Project) aims at providing a basic `tree` organization, `Makefile` configurations for both OS X and Linux and a handful of instruction on how to get started with a robust Arduino project architecture.\n\nFurther information are available in the [README.md](https://github.com/WeAreLeka/Bare-Arduino-Project/blob/master/README.md) as well as in the [use/installation procedure](https://github.com/WeAreLeka/Bare-Arduino-Project/blob/master/INSTALL.md).\n\nPlease be sure to report issues to [Bare-Arduino–Project](https://github.com/WeAreLeka/Bare-Arduino-Project/issues) if you use it instead of this project.\n\n## Credits\n\nThis makefile was originally created by [Martin Oldfield](http://mjo.tc/atelier/2009/02/arduino-cli.html) and he maintained it till v0.10.2.\nFrom May 2013, it is maintained by [Sudar Muthu](http://hardwarefun.com/tutorials/compiling-arduino-sketches-using-makefile) and [Simon John](https://github.com/sej7278) with the help of [40+ contributors](https://github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile/graphs/contributors).\n\n## Similar works\n- It's not a derivative of this, but Alan Burlison has written a [similar thing](http://bleaklow.com/2010/06/04/a_makefile_for_arduino_sketches.html).\n- Alan's Makefile was used in a [Pragmatic Programmer's article](http://pragprog.com/magazines/2011-04/advanced-arduino-hacking).\n- Rei Vilo wrote to tell me that he's using the Makefile ina Xcode 4 template called [embedXcode](http://embedxcode.weebly.com/). Apparently it supports many platforms and boards, including AVR-based Arduino, AVR-based Wiring, PIC32-based chipKIT, MSP430-based LaunchPad and ARM3-based Maple.\n","funding_links":[],"categories":["Makefile","IDE"],"sub_categories":[],"project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fsudar%2FArduino-Makefile","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fsudar%2FArduino-Makefile","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fsudar%2FArduino-Makefile/lists"}