{"id":33398158,"url":"https://github.com/systemdesign42/system-design-academy","last_synced_at":"2026-10-18T21:29:10.086Z","repository":{"id":223586817,"uuid":"758002818","full_name":"systemdesign42/system-design-academy","owner":"systemdesign42","description":"If you want to become good at AI engineering \u0026 system design, join this newsletter 👇","archived":false,"fork":false,"pushed_at":"2026-10-06T14:09:28.000Z","size":935,"stargazers_count":29320,"open_issues_count":0,"forks_count":3814,"subscribers_count":588,"default_branch":"main","last_synced_at":"2026-10-10T21:33:50.670Z","etag":null,"topics":["computer-science","development","distributed-systems","high-level-design","interview-questions","programming","scalability","software-engineering","system-design","system-design-interview"],"latest_commit_sha":null,"homepage":"https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/join","language":null,"has_issues":true,"has_wiki":null,"has_pages":null,"mirror_url":null,"source_name":null,"license":"other","status":null,"scm":"git","pull_requests_enabled":true,"icon_url":"https://github.com/systemdesign42.png","metadata":{"files":{"readme":"README.md","changelog":null,"contributing":null,"funding":null,"license":"LICENSE.md","code_of_conduct":null,"threat_model":null,"audit":null,"citation":null,"codeowners":null,"security":null,"support":null,"governance":null,"roadmap":null,"authors":null,"dei":null,"publiccode":null,"codemeta":null,"zenodo":null,"notice":null,"maintainers":null,"copyright":null,"agents":null,"claude":null,"gemini":null,"cursor":null,"copilot":null,"dco":null,"cla":null,"disclosure":null}},"created_at":"2024-02-15T12:36:21.000Z","updated_at":"2026-10-10T17:01:20.000Z","dependencies_parsed_at":"2026-09-28T12:16:19.828Z","dependency_job_id":null,"html_url":"https://github.com/systemdesign42/system-design-academy","commit_stats":null,"previous_names":["systemdesign42/system-design","systemdesign42/system-design-academy"],"tags_count":0,"template":false,"template_full_name":null,"purl":"pkg:github/systemdesign42/system-design-academy","repository_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/systemdesign42%2Fsystem-design-academy","tags_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/systemdesign42%2Fsystem-design-academy/tags","releases_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/systemdesign42%2Fsystem-design-academy/releases","manifests_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/systemdesign42%2Fsystem-design-academy/manifests","owner_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners/systemdesign42","download_url":"https://codeload.github.com/systemdesign42/system-design-academy/tar.gz/refs/heads/main","sbom_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories/systemdesign42%2Fsystem-design-academy/sbom","scorecard":null,"host":{"name":"GitHub","url":"https://github.com","kind":"github","repositories_count":344872684,"owners_count":38341899,"icon_url":"https://github.com/github.png","version":null,"created_at":"2022-05-30T11:31:42.601Z","updated_at":"2026-10-03T21:59:58.778Z","status":"online","status_checked_at":"2026-10-18T02:00:06.448Z","response_time":63,"last_error":null,"robots_txt_status":"success","robots_txt_updated_at":"2025-07-24T06:49:26.215Z","robots_txt_url":"https://github.com/robots.txt","online":true,"can_crawl_api":true,"host_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub","repositories_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repositories","repository_names_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/repository_names","owners_url":"https://repos.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/hosts/GitHub/owners"}},"keywords":["computer-science","development","distributed-systems","high-level-design","interview-questions","programming","scalability","software-engineering","system-design","system-design-interview"],"created_at":"2025-11-23T12:00:38.847Z","updated_at":"2026-10-18T21:29:10.074Z","avatar_url":"https://github.com/systemdesign42.png","language":null,"funding_links":[],"categories":["Others","computer-science","🏗️ System Design \u0026 Architecture"],"sub_categories":["Tools"],"readme":"\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\n  \u003ca href=\"https://getunblocked.com/events/how-to-stop-rewriting-your-agent-s-code-oct-28/?utm_source=github\u0026utm_medium=oss\u0026utm_campaign=systemdesign\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://i.imgur.com/rvY9aLw.png\" /\u003e \u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\nYou write the rules files, maintain the skills, and paste in the Slack thread your agent missed. But hand-curated context goes stale, and when the sources disagree, your agent can’t tell which is right. \u003ca href=\"https://getunblocked.com/events/how-to-stop-rewriting-your-agent-s-code-oct-28/?utm_source=github\u0026utm_medium=oss\u0026utm_campaign=systemdesign\"\u003eJoin us live on Oct 28 (FREE)\u003c/a\u003e to see how a context engine helps agents get it right the first time.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\n   👋\n   \u003ca href=\"https://getunblocked.com/events/how-to-stop-rewriting-your-agent-s-code-oct-28/?utm_source=github\u0026utm_medium=oss\u0026utm_campaign=systemdesign\"\u003e\n     \u003cb\u003e Register now \u003c/b\u003e\n   \u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n---\n\n\n#### [System Design Case Study](#System-Design-Case-Study-1)\n\n|     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |\n|:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |\n| [#](#-companies)  | [A](#a-companies)  | [B](#b-companies)  | [C](#c-companies)  | [D](#d-companies)  | [](#e-companies)  | [F](#f-companies)  | [G](#g-companies)  | [H](#h-companies)  |\n| [I](#i-companies)  | [](#j-companies)  | [K](#k-companies)  | [L](#l-companies)  | [M](#m-companies)  | [N](#n-companies)  | [](#o-companies)  | [P](#p-companies)  | [Q](#q-companies)  |\n| [R](#r-companies)  | [S](#s-companies)  | [T](#t-companies)  | [U](#u-companies)  | [V](#v-companies)  | [W](#w-companies)  | [](#x-companies)  | [Y](#y-companies)  | [Z](#z-companies)   |\n\n\n#### [System Design Fundamentals](#System-Design-Fundamentals-1)\n\n|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |\n|:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |\n| [#](#-technologies)  | [A](#a-technologies)  | [B](#b-technologies)  | [C](#c-technologies)  | [D](#d-technologies)  | [](#e-technologies)  | [F](#f-technologies)  | [G](#g-technologies)  | [H](#h-technologies)  |\n| [](#i-technologies)  | [J](#j-technologies)  | [K](#k-technologies)  | [L](#l-technologies)  | [M](#m-technologies)  | [N](#n-technologies)  | [](#o-technologies)  | [P](#p-technologies)  | [Q](#q-technologies)  |\n| [R](#r-technologies)  | [S](#s-technologies)  | [T](#t-technologies)  | [](#u-technologies)  | [](#v-technologies)  | [W](#w-technologies)  | [](#x-technologies)  | [](#y-technologies)  | [](#z-technologies) |\n\n\n#### [System Design Interview](#System-Design-Interview-1)\n\n|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |\n|:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |\n| [#](#-interview)  | [A](#a-interview)  | [](#b-interview)  | [C](#c-interview)  | [](#d-interview)  | [](#e-interview)  | [](#f-interview)  | [](#g-interview)  | [](#h-interview)  |\n| [](#i-interview)  | [](#j-interview)  | [](#k-interview)  | [](#l-interview)  | [](#m-interview)  | [](#n-interview)  | [](#o-interview)  | [](#p-interview)  | [](#q-interview)  |\n| [R](#r-interview)  | [S](#s-interview)  | [T](#t-interview)  | [](#u-interview)  | [](#v-interview)  | [W](#w-interview)  | [](#x-interview)  | [Y](#y-interview)  | [](#z-interview) |\n\n\n#### [AI Engineering](#AI-Engineering-1)\n\n|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |\n|:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |\n| [#](#-ai)  | [A](#a-ai)  | [](#b-ai)  | [C](#c-ai)  | [D](#d-ai)  | [E](#e-ai)  | [F](#f-ai)  | [G](#g-ai)  | [](#h-ai)  |\n| [I](#i-ai)  | [](#j-ai)  | [K](#k-ai)  | [L](#l-ai)  | [M](#m-ai)  | [N](#n-ai)  | [O](#o-ai)  | [P](#p-ai)  | [](#q-ai)  |\n| [R](#r-ai)  | [S](#s-ai)  | [](#t-ai)  | [](#u-ai)  | [V](#v-ai)  | [](#w-ai)  | [](#x-ai)  | [](#y-ai)  | [](#z-ai) |\n\n\n#### [Software White Papers](#Software-White-Papers-1)\n\n|    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |\n|:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |:-:  |\n| [](#-white-papers)  | [](#a-white-papers)  | [](#b-white-papers)  | [](#c-white-papers)  | [D](#d-white-papers)  | [](#e-white-papers)  | [](#f-white-papers)  | [](#g-white-papers)  | [](#h-white-papers)  |\n| [](#i-white-papers)  | [](#j-white-papers)  | [](#k-white-papers)  | [](#l-white-papers)  | [](#m-white-papers)  | [](#n-white-papers)  | [](#o-white-papers)  | [](#p-white-papers)  | [](#q-white-papers)  |\n| [](#r-white-papers)  | [S](#s-white-papers)  | [](#t-white-papers)  | [](#u-white-papers)  | [](#v-white-papers)  | [](#w-white-papers)  | [X](#x-white-papers)  | [](#y-white-papers)  | [](#z-white-papers) |\n\n\n---\n\n\u003cp\u003e\n  \u003ca href=\"https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/join\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://i.imgur.com/7pV1SWj.png\" /\u003e \u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\n   👋\n   \u003ca href=\"https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/join\"\u003e\n     \u003cb\u003e Join Newsletter Now \u003c/b\u003e\n   \u003c/a\u003e\n \u003c/p\u003e\n\n---\n\n# System Design Academy\n\n## System Design Case Study\n\n#### \\# companies\n\n- [Real-Time Gaming Leaderboard](https://systemdesign.one/leaderboard-system-design/)\n- [Real-Time Live Comments](https://systemdesign.one/live-comment-system-design/)\n- [Distributed Counter](https://systemdesign.one/distributed-counter-system-design/)\n- [Real Time Presence Platform](https://systemdesign.one/real-time-presence-platform-system-design/)\n- [How Virtual Machines Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/virtualization-architecture)\n\n#### A companies\n\n- [How to Scale an App to 10 Million Users on AWS](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/aws-scale)\n- [This Is How Airbnb Adopted HTTP Streaming to Save 84 Million USD in Costs](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-critical-rendering-path)\n- [Amazon Prime Video Microservices Top Failure](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/prime-video-microservices)\n- [How Amazon S3 Achieves 99.999999999% Durability](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/amazon-s3-durability)\n- [How Amazon Lambda Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-aws-lambda-work)\n- [How Amazon S3 Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/s3-architecture)\n- [How Do Apple AirTags Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-do-airtags-work)\n- [How Apple Pay Handles 41 Million Transactions a Day Securely](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-apple-pay-work)\n- [How Amazon S3 Achieves Strong Consistency](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/s3-strong-consistency)\n\n#### B companies\n\n- [Bitly URL Shortener Architecture](https://systemdesign.one/url-shortening-system-design/)\n- [How Does Bluesky Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-bluesky-work)\n\n#### C companies\n\n- [How Canva Supports Real-Time Collaboration for 135 Million Monthly Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/rsocket)\n- [How Cloudflare Was Able to Support 55 Million Requests per Second With Only 15 Postgres Clusters](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/postgresql-scalability)\n\n#### D companies\n\n- [How Disney+ Hotstar Delivered 5 Billion Emojis in Real Time](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/hotstar-architecture)\n- [How Disney+ Hotstar Scaled to 25 Million Concurrent Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/hotstar-scaling)\n- [How Disney+ Scaled to 11 Million Users on Launch Day](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/disney-architecture)\n- [How Discord Boosts Performance With Code-Splitting](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-code-splitting-in-react)\n- [How Dropbox Scaled to 100 Thousand Users in a Year After Launch](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/dropbox-architecture)\n\n#### F companies\n\n- [How Facebook Scaled Live Video to a Billion Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/live-streaming-architecture)\n- [How Facebook Was Able to Support a Billion Users via Software Load Balancer](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/facebook-load-balancer)\n- [How Figma Scaled Postgres to 4M Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/postgres-scale)\n\n\n#### G companies\n\n- [How Google Search Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/search-engine-architecture)\n- [How Giphy Delivers 10 Billion GIFs a Day to 1 Billion Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/cdn-explained)\n- [How to Scale an App to 100 Million Users on GCP](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/google-cloud-scalability)\n- [How Google Docs Works](http://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-google-docs-work)\n\n#### H companies\n\n- [How Hashnode Generates Feed at Scale](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/feed-architecture)\n- [How Halo Scaled to 11.6 Million Users Using the Saga Design Pattern](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/saga-design-pattern)\n\n#### I companies\n\n- [How Instagram Scaled to 2.5 Billion Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/instagram-infrastructure)\n\n\n#### K companies\n\n- [How Khan Academy Scaled to 30 Million Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/khan-academy-architecture)\n\n#### L companies\n\n- [How LinkedIn Scaled to 930 Million Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/scalable-software-architecture)\n- [How LinkedIn Adopted Protocol Buffers to Reduce Latency by 60%](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/protocol-buffers-vs-json)\n- [Tech Stack Evolution at Levels fyi](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/levels-fyi-google-sheets)\n- [How Lyft Support Rides to 21 Million Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/lyft-engineering)\n\n#### M companies\n\n- [How McDonald’s Food Delivery Platform Handles 20,000 Orders per Second](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/mcdonalds-architecture)\n- [How Meta Achieves 99.99999999% Cache Consistency](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/cache-consistency)\n\n#### N companies\n\n- [How Does Netflix Work?](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-netflix-work)\n- [Microservices Lessons From Netflix](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/netflix-microservices)\n- [How Netflix Uses Chaos Engineering to Create Resilience Systems](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/chaos-engineering)\n\n#### P companies\n\n- [How PayPal Was Able to Support a Billion Transactions per Day With Only 8 Virtual Machines](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/actor-model)\n- [Pastebin](https://systemdesign.one/system-design-pastebin/)\n- [Designing a Payment Backend with Stripe Integration](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/design-a-payment-system)\n\n#### Q companies\n\n- [This Is How Quora Shards MySQL to Handle 13+ Terabytes](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/mysql-sharding)\n\n#### R companies\n\n- [How Razorpay Scaled to Handle Flash Sales at 1500 Requests per Second](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/payment-gateway-architecture)\n- [How Reddit Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/reddit-architecture)\n\n#### S companies\n\n- [Slack Architecture](https://systemdesign.one/slack-architecture/)\n- [Virtual Waiting Room Architecture That Handles High-Demand Ticket Sales at SeatGeek](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/virtual-waiting-room)\n- [How Shopify Handles Flash Sales at 32 Million Requests per Minute](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/shopify-flash-sale)\n- [This Is How Stripe Does Rate Limiting to Build Scalable APIs](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/rate-limiter)\n- [How Stripe Prevents Double Payment Using Idempotent API](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/idempotent-api)\n\n#### T companies\n\n- [Tumblr Shares Database Migration Strategy With 60+ Billion Rows](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-to-migrate-a-mysql-database)\n- [6 Proven Guidelines on Open Sourcing From Tumblr](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/open-source-guidelines)\n- [How Tinder Scaled to 1.6 Billion Swipes per Day](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/tinder-architecture)\n\n#### U companies\n\n- [How Uber Computes ETA at Half a Million Requests per Second](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/uber-eta)\n- [How Uber Finds Nearby Drivers at 1 Million Requests per Second](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-uber-find-nearby-drivers)\n- [How Uber Payment System Handles 30 Million Transactions Per Day](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/payment-system-design)\n\n#### W companies\n\n- [8 Reasons Why WhatsApp Was Able to Support 50 Billion Messages a Day With Only 32 Engineers](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/whatsapp-engineering)\n- [Wechat Architecture That Powers 1.67 Billion Monthly Users](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/chat-application-architecture)\n\n#### Y companies\n\n- [11 Reasons Why YouTube Was Able to Support 100 Million Video Views a Day With Only 9 Engineers](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/youtube-scalability)\n- [How YouTube Was Able to Support 2.49 Billion Users With MySQL](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/vitess-mysql)\n\n#### Z companies\n\n- [5 Reasons Why Zoom Was Able to Support 300 Million Video Calls a Day](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/zoom-architecture)\n- [How Zapier Automates Billions of Tasks](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/zapier-architecture)\n\n---\n\n## System Design Fundamentals\n\n#### \\# technologies\n\n- [Back of the Envelope](https://systemdesign.one/back-of-the-envelope/)\n- [How to Troubleshoot if You Can’t Access a Particular Website?](https://systemdesign.one/how-to-troubleshoot-if-you-cannot-access-a-website/)\n- [What Happens When You Type a URL Into Your Browser?](https://systemdesign.one/what-happens-when-you-type-url-into-your-browser/)\n- [System Design Interview Cheat Sheet](https://systemdesign.one/system-design-interview-cheatsheet/)\n- [Software Engineer Interview Learning Resources](https://systemdesign.one/software-engineer-interview-learning-resources/)\n- [7 Simple Ways to Fail System Design Interview](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/design-system-newsletter)\n- [Amazon Frugal Architecture Explained](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/frugal-architecture)\n- [11 System Design Concepts Explained, Simply](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/11-system-design-concepts-explained)\n- [114 System Design Concepts - Part 1](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/system-design-concepts)\n- [114 System Design Concepts - Part 2](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/system-design-core-concepts)\n- [114 System Design Concepts - Part 3](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/system-design-fundamentals)\n- [How Timsort Algorithm Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/timsort-algorithm)\n- [Mobile System Design Concepts - Part 1](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/mobile-system-design)\n- [Mobile System Design Concepts - Part 2](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/mobile-system-design-concepts)\n- [Mobile System Design Concepts - Part 3](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/system-design-mobile)\n\n\n#### A technologies\n\n- [Actor Model](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/actor-model)\n- [How API Gateway Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-api-gateway-works)\n- [API Gateway vs Load Balancer vs Reverse Proxy](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/api-gateway-load-balancer-reverse-proxy)\n- [Best Practices for API Design](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/best-practices-for-api-design)\n- [Best Practices for API Security](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/api-security-best-practices)\n- [API Versioning](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/api-versioning)\n- [High Performance APIs](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/api-performance)\n- [API Testing Techniques - Part 1](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/api-testing-types)\n- [API Testing Techniques - Part 2](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/types-of-api-testing)\n- [API Design Concepts - Part 1](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/api-concepts-every-software-engineer-should-know/)\n- [API Design Concepts - Part 2](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/api-concepts-for-software-engineers)\n\n#### B technologies\n\n- [Bloom Filter](https://systemdesign.one/bloom-filters-explained/)\n\n#### C technologies\n\n- [Cell Based Architecture](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/cell-based-architecture)\n- [Consistency Patterns](https://systemdesign.one/consistency-patterns/)\n- [Top 5 Caching Patterns](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/caching-patterns)\n- [How to Scale Code Reviews](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-to-do-code-review)\n- [Code Review Best Practices](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/code-review-best-practices)\n- [How Discord Boosts Performance With Code-Splitting](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-code-splitting-in-react)\n- [Consistent Hashing](https://systemdesign.one/consistent-hashing-explained/)\n- [Concurrency Is Not Parallelism](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/concurrency-is-not-parallelism)\n- [15 Pitfalls That Break Cloud Systems](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/cloud-system-design)\n- [Cybersecurity Terms Every Software Engineer Must Know](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/cybersecurity-fundamentals)\n- [The Entire Computer Science Stack, Explained In 51 Images](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/computer-science-101)\n- [How CDN Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-cdn-work)\n- [How CI/CD Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-a-ci-cd-pipeline-work)\n\n\n#### D technologies\n\n- [How Databases Keep Passwords Securely](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-to-store-passwords-in-database)\n- [How DNS Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-a-dns-server-and-how-does-it-work)\n- [Deployment Patterns](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/deployment-patterns)\n- [Distributed Systems Deep Dive](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/distributed-systems)\n- [How Docker Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-do-docker-containers-work)\n- [16 Database Types](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/types-of-databases-and-when-to-use-them)\n\n\n\n#### F technologies\n- [21 Frontend System Design Concepts for Software Engineers](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/frontend-system-design)\n\n\n#### G technologies\n\n- [Gossip Protocol](https://systemdesign.one/gossip-protocol/)\n- [21 Git Commands](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/commands-in-git)\n\n#### H technologies\n\n- [Hinted Handoff](https://systemdesign.one/hinted-handoff/)\n- [How Does HTTPS Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-https-work)\n- [Must Know HTTP Headers](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/http-headers)\n- [What Is High Availability](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-high-availability)\n- [HTTP1 vs HTTP2 vs HTTP3 - Part 1](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/http-concepts-explained)\n- [HTTP1 vs HTTP2 vs HTTP3 - Part 2](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/http2-vs-http3-explained)\n\n#### J technologies\n\n- [How JWT Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-jwt-works)\n\n#### K technologies\n\n- [How Kafka Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-kafka-works)\n- [How Kubernetes Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/kubernetes-architecture)\n\n#### L technologies\n\n- [How Load Balancing Algorithms Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/load-balancing-algorithms)\n\n#### M technologies\n\n- [Micro Frontends](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/micro-frontends)\n- [Microservices Lessons From Netflix](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/netflix-microservices)\n- [How Shopify Handled 30TB per Minute With a Modular Monolith Architecture](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/modular-monolith)\n- [1 Simple Technique to Scale Microservices Architecture](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-to-scale-microservices)\n- [How Message Queues Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-a-message-queue)\n- [22 Microservices Design Patterns](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/microservices-design-patterns)\n\n#### N technologies\n\n- [How Nginx Was Able to Support 1 Million Concurrent Connections on a Single Server](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-does-nginx-work)\n\n#### P technologies\n\n- [Forward proxy vs Reverse proxy](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/forward-proxy-vs-reverse-proxy)\n- [10 System Design Patterns](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/system-design-patterns)\n\n#### Q technologies\n\n- [Quotient Filter](https://systemdesign.one/quotient-filter-explained/)\n\n#### R technologies\n\n- [Redis Use Cases](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/redis-use-cases)\n- [Rate Limiting Strategies Explained](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/rate-limiting)\n- [How Remote Procedure Call Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-rpc-works)\n\n#### S technologies\n\n- [Service Discovery](https://systemdesign.one/what-is-service-discovery/)\n- [How Sidecar Pattern Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/sidecar-pattern)\n- [Stacked Diffs, Simply Explained](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/stacked-diffs)\n- [How Stock Exchange Works - Part 1](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/stock-exchange-system-design)\n- [How Stock Exchange Handles Concurrency at Scale - Part 2](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/disruptor-pattern)\n- [Design Stock Exchange: A Deep Dive - Part 3](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/system-design-stock-exchange)\n\n#### T technologies\n- [50 System Design Tradeoffs](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/system-design-tradeoffs)\n\n#### W technologies\n\n- [How Do Websockets Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-do-websockets-work)\n- [How Do Webhooks Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-do-webhooks-work)\n\n---\n\n## System Design Interview\n\n#### \\# interviews\n\n- [System Design Interview Framework](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-to-prepare-for-system-design-interview)\n- [Behavioral Interview Playbook](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/common-behavioral-interview-questions)\n- [Mobile System Design Interview Framework](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/mobile-system-design-interview)\n\n#### A interview\n- [System Design Interview: Design Airbnb](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/airbnb-system-design)\n\n#### C interview\n- [System Design Interview: Design ChatGPT](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/chatgpt-system-design)\n\n#### R interview\n- [Software Engineer Resume](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/software-engineer-resume)\n\n#### S interview\n- [System Design Interview: Design Spotify](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/spotify-system-design)\n- [System Design Interview: Design Web Crawler and Search Engine](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/web-crawler-system-design)\n- [System Design Interview: Design Amazon S3](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/aws-s3-system-design)\n\n#### T interview\n- [Design Twitter/X Timeline - A Frontend Deep Dive](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/system-design-interview-twitter)\n\n#### W interview\n- [Design WhatsApp](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/whatsapp-system-design), [Part 2](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/design-a-chat-system)\n\n#### Y interview\n- [Design YouTube](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/youtube-system-design)\n\n---\n\n## AI Engineering\n\n#### A ai\n\n- [How AI Agents Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/ai-agents-explained)\n- [How to design your own AI agent](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-do-ai-agents-work)\n- [11 AI Concepts Explained, Simply](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/ai-concepts)\n- [Agentic AI Use Cases in Software Development Workflow](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/agentic-ai-use-cases)\n- [30 Agentic Engineering Concepts, Explained Simply](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/agentic-engineering)\n- [How Agent to Agent Protocol Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/agent-to-agent-protocol)\n- [64 AI Concepts - Part 1](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/ai-concepts-explained-for-beginners)\n\n#### C ai\n\n- [AI Coding Workflow](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/ai-coding-workflow)\n- [What is Context Engineering?](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-context-engineering)\n- [Context Engineering vs Prompt Engineering](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/context-engineering-vs-prompt-engineering)\n- [How ChatGPT Apps Work](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/apps-in-chatgpt)\n- [Design a personal AI chat assistant](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/ai-chat-assistant)\n- [Claude Folder - A Deep Dive](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/claude-folder)\n- [Claude Code - Part 1](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/claude-code-claude-md-best-practices)\n- [Claude Code - Part 2](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/claude-code-mcp-vs-cli)\n- [Claude Code - Part 3](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/claude-code-subagents-vs-agent-teams)\n- [Claude Code - Part 4](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/claude-code-website-monitoring-routine)\n\n#### D ai\n- [Agentic Design Patterns](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/agentic-design-patterns)\n- [How to Build a Domain Expert AI](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/fine-tuning-ai-models)\n\n#### E ai\n- [29 LLM Evaluation Concepts](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/llm-evals)\n- [AI Evals, Guardrails and Security](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/llm-evaluation-and-guardrails)\n\n#### F ai\n- [How Fine Tuning Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/llm-fine-tuning-guide-with-lora-and-qlora)\n\n#### G ai\n- [Everything You Need to Know to Design GenAI Systems From Scratch](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/generative-ai-system-design)\n- [AI Agent - Graph Shaped Memory](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/graph-based-agent-memory)\n\n#### I ai\n- [What is AI Infrastructure](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-ai-infrastructure)\n- [How to Build AI Agents That Don’t Start Over When They Fail](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/durable-ai-agents)\n\n#### K ai\n- [Design Knowledge Q\u0026A System](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/ai-based-knowledge-management-system)\n\n#### L ai\n\n- [LLM Concepts, Simply Explained](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/llm-concepts)\n- [LLM as a Judge](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-to-build-llm-judge)\n\n#### M ai\n\n- [MCP - A Deep Dive](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-mcp-works)\n- [Multi-Agent Architectures, Clearly Explained](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/multi-agent-system)\n- [How ML Systems Actually Work: From Data to Deployment](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/machine-learning-system-design-interview)\n- [AI Agents: State, Memory, Consistency](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/ai-agent-memory)\n\n#### N ai\n\n- [How to use NotebookLM](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-to-use-notebooklm)\n\n#### O ai\n\n- [How OpenClaw Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/openclaw-architecture)\n\n#### P ai\n\n- [Prompt Engineering - A Deep Dive](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/prompt-engineering-guide)\n\n#### R ai\n\n- [What Is Reinforcement Learning](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-reinforcement-learning)\n- [How RAG Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-rag-works)\n- [How AI Research Agent Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/how-to-build-an-ai-research-agent-with-mcp)\n- [How Realtime AI Agent Works](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/event-driven-ai-agent-architecture)\n\n#### S ai  \n- [Spec driven development for AI agents](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/spec-driven-development-ai-agents/)\n- [How to Scale an AI App to 1 Million Users in Production](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/llm-inference-cost-optimization)\n\n#### V ai\n\n- [Vector Database - A Deep Dive](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/what-is-a-vector-database)\n- [Vertical Small LLM](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/fine-tuning-small-language-models)\n- [How Vector Database Search Billions of Vectors in Milliseconds](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/hnsw-vector-search-explained)\n\n\n---\n\n## Software White Papers\n\n#### D white papers\n\n- [Amazon Dynamo](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/amazon-dynamo-architecture)\n\n\n#### S white papers\n\n- [Google Spanner](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/cloud-spanner-database)\n\n\n#### X white papers\n\n- [Meta Serverless Architecture: XFaaS](https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/p/serverless-architecture)\n\n---\n\n\u003cp\u003e\n  \u003ca href=\"https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/join\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://i.imgur.com/7pV1SWj.png\" /\u003e \u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\n   👋\n   \u003ca href=\"https://newsletter.systemdesign.one/join\"\u003e\n     \u003cb\u003e Join Newsletter Now \u003c/b\u003e\n   \u003c/a\u003e\n \u003c/p\u003e\n\n---\n\n## License\n\n\u003cp\u003eLicensed under \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener noreferrer\" style=\"display:inline-block;\"\u003eCC BY-NC-ND 4.0\u003c/p\u003e\n","project_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fsystemdesign42%2Fsystem-design-academy","html_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/projects/github.com%2Fsystemdesign42%2Fsystem-design-academy","lists_url":"https://awesome.ecosyste.ms/api/v1/projects/github.com%2Fsystemdesign42%2Fsystem-design-academy/lists"}