Ecosyste.ms: Awesome
An open API service indexing awesome lists of open source software.
Awesome-UNIX
All the UNIX and UNIX-Like: Linux, BSD, macOS, Illumos, 9front, and more.
https://github.com/sirredbeard/Awesome-UNIX
Last synced: 3 days ago
JSON representation
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Frequently Asked Questions
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What is UNIX
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Why is UNIX relevant today
- computer science principles - like projects designed to be Unix-compatible.
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Disambiguation: AT&T UNIX®, UNIX® Certification, UNIX®-Like, and Linux®
- open source philosophy
- re-implemented the AT&T code with code under open source licenses - like, but share a unique direct link back to AT&T UNIX®, while newcomers like Redox OS do not.
- wanted to run a Unix-like operating system - like operating system. Twenty years later, when Android, Inc.® needed a kernel for their new namesake mobile operating system they borrowed one from Linux. Unix-like operating systems implement some degree of the POSIX® standards and Unix philosophy but do not seek official UNIX® certification.
- POSIX
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Certified UNIX Operating Systems
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Disambiguation: AT&T UNIX®, UNIX® Certification, UNIX®-Like, and Linux®
- AIX® - AIX is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM for several of its computer platforms.
- UnixWare® - UnixWare is a Unix operating system made by Xinuos from the assets of SCO Group.
- OpenServer® - OpenServer is a Unix operating system made by Xinuos from the assets of SCO Group.
- HP-UX® - HP-UX is Hewlett Packard Enterprise's proprietary implementation of the Unix operating system, based on UNIX System V.
- z/OS® - IBM z/OS is an operating system for IBM zSystems mainframes.
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AT&T UNIX®-Derived Operating Systems
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Disambiguation: AT&T UNIX®, UNIX® Certification, UNIX®-Like, and Linux®
- OpenBSD - OpenBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like computer operating system descended from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Research Unix derivative developed at the University of California, Berkeley known for its security and development discipline.
- FuguIta - FuguIta is an OpenBSD live CD featuring portable workplace, low hardware requirements, additional software, and partial support for Japanese.
- MirBSD - Fork of OpenBSD that tracks OpenBSD base with a number of enhancements and modifications.
- DragonflyBSD - DragonFly BSD is a free and open source Unix-like operating system created as a fork of FreeBSD 4.8.
- FreeBSD® - FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix®-like operating system descended from Research Unix via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) known for its software package availability and speed.
- HardendedBSD - HardenedBSD is a security-enhanced fork of FreeBSD. The HardenedBSD Project implements a number of exploit mitigation and security technologies on top of FreeBSD.
- pfSense® - pfSense is an open source firewall/router computer software distribution based on FreeBSD.
- OPNsense® - OPNsense originally forked from pfSense in 2014 over technical differences between developers of pfSense.
- XigmaNAS - XigmaNAS (formerly known as NAS4Free) is an embedded Open Source NAS (Network-Attached Storage) distribution based on the latest FreeBSD releases.
- helloSystem - helloSystem is a FreeBSD-based desktop system for creators with a focus on simplicity, elegance, and usability. Its design follows the “Less, but better” philosophy. It is intended as a system for “mere mortals”, welcoming to switchers from the Mac.
- TrueNAS CORE® - TrueNAS CORE (formerly known as FreeNAS®) is a free and open-source network-attached storage (NAS) software based on FreeBSD and the OpenZFS file system.
- Open Server 10® - Xinuos® OpenServer 10® commercial operating system based on FreeBSD 10 and designed to support business applications. 💰
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UNIX-Certified Linux-Based Operating Systems
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Disambiguation: AT&T UNIX®, UNIX® Certification, UNIX®-Like, and Linux®
- K-UX - euleros)® from Huawei.
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Linux
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- Slackware - Slackware is a Linux distribution created by Patrick Volkerding in 1993. Slackware aims for design stability and simplicity and to be the most "Unix-like" Linux distribution.
- Salix - Salix is a Linux distribution based on Slackware that is simple, fast, and easy to use. Salix adds automated dependency resolution, a larger repository of applications, and a suite of native administration and configuration tools for both the GUI and the command line.
- heads - Heads is a live CD to connect securely over Tor, unlike Tails it does not rely on systemd or non-free software. awesome is default desktop environment.
- Gnuinos - Gnuinos is a lightweight Linux libre distro based on Devuan with no non-free software featuring OpenBox desktop.
- Gentoo® - Gentoo is a Linux distribution built using the Portage package management system. Unlike a binary software distribution, the source code is compiled locally at the time of installation. Gentoo is known for its speed.
- Funtoo - Funtoo Linux is a Linux-based operating system that is a variant of Gentoo Linux.
- Redcore - Redcore Linux is a distribution based on Gentoo Linux that aims to be a very quick way to install a pure Gentoo Linux system without spending hours or days compiling from source code.
- Alpine - Alpine Linux is an independent, non-commercial, general purpose Linux distribution designed for power users who appreciate security, simplicity and resource efficiency.
- Adélie - Adélie Linux was created by Gentoo users who combined the power of Alpine with the ease-of-use of a binary package manager. Adélie is notable for supporting x86, PowerPC, MIPS, and ARM platforms.
- Void - Void is a general purpose operating system, based on the monolithic Linux kernel, features XBPS packaging system.
- GuixSD - GuixSD is an advanced distribution of the GNU operating system developed by the GNU Project, home of gcc and the GPL, which respects the freedom of computer users.
- Linux From Scratch - Linux From Scratch is a way to install a working Linux system by building and installing all components manually, including the bootloader, kernel, and user programs.
- Void - Void is a general purpose operating system, based on the monolithic Linux kernel, features XBPS packaging system.
- Dragora - The Dragora project produces a libre, reliable, Unix-like GNU/Linux distribution made from scratch.
- Gnuinos - Gnuinos is a lightweight Linux libre distro based on Devuan with no non-free software featuring OpenBox desktop.
- GuixSD - GuixSD is an advanced distribution of the GNU operating system developed by the GNU Project, home of gcc and the GPL, which respects the freedom of computer users.
- Slackware - Slackware is a Linux distribution created by Patrick Volkerding in 1993. Slackware aims for design stability and simplicity and to be the most "Unix-like" Linux distribution.
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Popular Commercial Linux® Distributions
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- Ubuntu® - Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux distribution published by Canonical® who offer commercial support for enterprise-class Ubuntu Server variant.
- elementaryOS - Distro elementaryOS is a consumer-oriented Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. It is the flagship distribution to showcase the Pantheon desktop environment. 💰
- SUSE Linux Enterprise® - SUSE Linux Enterprise workstation/server is a Linux-based operating system developed by SUSE®. It is designed for servers, mainframes, and workstations. 💰
- Oracle® - Oracle Linux® is compiled from Red Hat Enterprise Linux source code, replacing Red Hat branding with Oracle's, optimized to run Oracle software. 💰
- Deepin - Deepin is a popular Chinese Linux distribution based on Debian with a focus on being a user-friendly desktop Linux distribution. It includes a number of pre-installed proprietary applications, such as Skype.
- Ubuntu® - Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux distribution published by Canonical® who offer commercial support for enterprise-class Ubuntu Server variant.
- SUSE Linux Enterprise® - SUSE Linux Enterprise workstation/server is a Linux-based operating system developed by SUSE®. It is designed for servers, mainframes, and workstations. 💰
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Popular Non-Commercial Linux® Distributions
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- Debian® - Debian is a Unix-like computer operating system that is composed entirely of free software, most of which is under the GNU General Public License and packaged by a group of individuals participating in the Debian Project.
- CentOS Stream - CentOS Stream is a Linux distribution that attempts to provide a free, enterprise-class, community-supported computing platform.
- OpenSUSE - openSUSE formerly SUSE Linux and SuSE Linux Professional, is a Linux-based project and distribution sponsored by SUSE Linux and other companies.
- Arch - Arch Linux is a Linux distribution for computers based on x86-64 architectures.
- Manjaro - Manjaro Linux is an open source operating system for computers. It is a distribution of Linux based on the Arch Linux distribution.
- Solus - Solus is an independent desktop operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is offered as a curated rolling release model. It is the flagship distro for the Budgie desktop environment and closely tracks optimizations found in Clear Linux, making it one of the fastest desktop Linux distros available.
- Mint - Linux Mint is a community-driven Linux distribution based on Debian and Ubuntu that strives to be a "modern, elegant and comfortable operating system which is both powerful and easy to use.
- Manjaro - Manjaro Linux is an open source operating system for computers. It is a distribution of Linux based on the Arch Linux distribution.
- Solus - Solus is an independent desktop operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is offered as a curated rolling release model. It is the flagship distro for the Budgie desktop environment and closely tracks optimizations found in Clear Linux, making it one of the fastest desktop Linux distros available.
- Mint - Linux Mint is a community-driven Linux distribution based on Debian and Ubuntu that strives to be a "modern, elegant and comfortable operating system which is both powerful and easy to use.
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Mobile Linux® Distributions
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- CopperheadOS® - CopperheadOS is a source-available operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform. It is based on the official releases of the Android Open Source Project by Google®, with added privacy and security features.💰
- postmarketOS - postmarketOS, is a free and open-source operating system under development primarily for smartphones, based on the lightweight Alpine Linux distribution.
- Halium Project - Halium is the collaborative project to unify the Hardware Abstraction Layer for projects which run GNU/Linux on mobile devices with pre-installed Android.
- Mer - Mer is a free and open-source software distribution, targeted at hardware vendors to serve as a middleware for Linux kernel-based mobile-oriented operating systems. It is a fork of [MeeGo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeeGo)™.
- Sailfish OS - Sailfish OS is a general purpose Linux used commonly as mobile operating system combining the Linux kernel, the open-source Mer core stack of middleware, a proprietary UI, and other third-party components.
- Tizen™ - Tizen is an open source, standards-based software platform for multiple device categories, including smartphones, tablets, TVs, netbooks and automotive infotainment platforms.
- LuneOS - LuneOS is a mobile operating system based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by WebOS Ports community. LuneOS is the open source successor for Palm/HP webOS where the user interface is rebuilt from scratch by using the latest technologies available and installs on any devices compatible with CyanogenMod.
- postmarketOS - postmarketOS, is a free and open-source operating system under development primarily for smartphones, based on the lightweight Alpine Linux distribution.
- Chrome OS™ - Chrome OS is an operating system designed by Google that is based on the Linux kernel and uses the Google Chrome™ web browser as its principal user interface.
- WebOS - WebOS is a Linux kernel-based multitasking operating system for smart devices that has been was first used as a mobile operating system on Palm devices and introduced a number of UX/design metaphors later duplicated in iOS and Android. Initially developed by Palm, then acquired by HP, and now owned by Qualcomm, it is now commonly found on LG-brand smart TVs.
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Unique Linux® Distributions/Related Projects
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- Windows Linux Subsystem - Windows® Subsystem for Linux (WSL) is a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables natively on Windows 10. WSL currently supports Ubuntu, OpenSUSE Leap, SUSE Enterprise Linux, Debian, and Kali Linux. Official Fedora support is coming soon. Unofficial support for other distributions. 💰
- QubesOS - QubesOS is a security-focused desktop operating system that aims to provide security through isolation. Virtualization is performed by Xen®, and user environments can be based on Fedora, Debian, Whonix, and Microsoft Windows, among other operating systems .
- Bedrock - Bedrock Linux is a Linux distribution that currently installs from an existing Linux installation, allowing the user to select a preferred init at boot time and install Linux packages from multiple distributions at the same time .
- GoboLinux - GoboLinux is an alternative Linux distribution which redefines the entire filesystem hierarchy. In GoboLinux you don't need a package database because the filesystem is the database .
- GNUSTEP - GNUSTEP is a Linux live CD distribution based on Debian that prominently features the [GNUstep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNUstep) application frameworks, a free software re-implementation of the OPENSTEP and Cocoa frameworks originally developed by NeXT with Sun Microsystems.
- Tails - Tails is a security-focused Debian-based Linux distribution aimed at preserving privacy and anonymity .
- QubesOS - QubesOS is a security-focused desktop operating system that aims to provide security through isolation. Virtualization is performed by Xen®, and user environments can be based on Fedora, Debian, Whonix, and Microsoft Windows, among other operating systems .
- Tails - Tails is a security-focused Debian-based Linux distribution aimed at preserving privacy and anonymity .
- Red Star OS - Red Star OS is a North Korean Linux operating system developed for use in North Korea that computer researches have [noted](https://www.reuters.com/article/northkorea-computers/paranoid-north-koreas-computer-operating-system-mirrors-its-political-one-idUSKBN0UA0GF20151227) watermarks every document and media file on a computer or on any USB stick connected to it.
- Kali Linux - Kali Linux is a Debian-derived Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. It is maintained and funded by Offensive Security Ltd .
- NixOS Linux - NixOS is a Linux distribution that built on the unique completely declarative Nix package manager .
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Embedded/IoT-Focused Linux® Distributions
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- Tiny Core Linux - Tiny Core Linux (TCL) is a minimal Linux operating system focusing on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK, developed by Robert Shingledecker.
- Raspberry Pi OS - Raspberry Pi OS is a Debian-based computer operating system for Raspberry Pi.
- OpenWrt - OpenWrt is an open source project for an embedded operating system based on Linux, primarily used on embedded devices to route network traffic.
- Ångström - A Linux distribution for a variety of embedded devices. The distribution is the result of work by developers from the OpenZaurus, OpenEmbedded, and OpenSIMpad projects.
- Poky - Poky is a reference distribution for the Yocto Project™, an open source project that provides templates, tools, and methods to create custom Linux-based systems for embedded devices.
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iOS
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- tvOS™ - tvOS is an operating system developed by Apple Inc. for the fourth-generation and later Apple TV digital media player. It is based on the iOS operating system.
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Solaris and illumos
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- Solaris® - Solaris is a Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems, acquired by Oracle in 2010.
- OpenIndiana - OpenIndiana is a free and open-source, Unix operating system derived from OpenSolaris and based on illumos. Developers forked OpenSolaris after Oracle Corporation discontinued it.
- OmniOS - OmniOS builds on illumos to make a complete operating system and provide users with a familiar, installable operating system with a minimal package set to ease regulatory compliance.
- DilOS - DilOS is an illumos-based platform featuring the Debian package manager (dpkg+apt).
- Tribblix - Tribblix is an operating system created by Peter Tribble. Derived from OpenSolaris, OpenIndiana, and illumos, it blends a retro style with modern components.
- XStreamOS - XStreamOS is an effort to mantain a distribution of the illumos kernel, featuring a customized text install, the ZFS fileystem, advanced features, and a starting point to contribute and develop the illumos kernel.
- v9os - Server-only, IPS-based minimal SPARC-only distribution of illumos.
- SmartOS - SmartOS is a free and open-source SVR4 hypervisor, based on the illumos operating system that combines OpenSolaris technology with Linux's KVM virtualization.
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More Unix-Like Operating Systems
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- Haiku - Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now-discontinued BeOS.® Its development began in 2001, and the operating system became self-hosting in 2008 .
- PureDarwin - PureDarwin is a operating system based on the open-source components of Apple's macOS operating system, principally code derived from NeXTSTEP, BSD, Mach, and other software projects released under free software licenses.
- Redox - Redox is a Unix-like microkernel operating system written in the programming language Rust, a language with focus on safety and high performance. Redox aims to be secure, usable, and free .
- Redox - Redox is a Unix-like microkernel operating system written in the programming language Rust, a language with focus on safety and high performance. Redox aims to be secure, usable, and free .
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Plan 9 Derivatives
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- distributed computing - released under the GPL and projects exist to build on Plan 9. Many Bell Labs employees still volunteer on these projects.
- Inferno® - Inferno was an effort to commercialize Plan 9 as networking software. However, like Plan 9, it remained obscure while its ideas permeated into current operating systems.
- Jehanne - Jehanne is a new distributed operating system designed for programmers. The core values that lead the development are simplicity and security. Jehanne is a fork of Harvey.
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Unix-like Real Time Operating Systems
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- real-time operating system - time applications that process data as it comes in, typically without buffer delays. An example of this in QNX which is used widely in cars and aircraft.
- QNX® - QNX is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market, found in many modern automobiles. 💰
- LynxOS® - The LynxOS RTOS is a Unix-like real-time operating system from Lynx Software Technologies. LynxOS features full POSIX conformance and, more recently, Linux compatibility. 💰
- Fuchsia - Fuchsia is a new real-time operating system (RTOS) [currently being developed](https://lwn.net/Articles/718267/) by Google with a degree of POSIX compataibility.
- Integrity® - Integrity is a real-time operating systems produced and marketed by Green Hills Software. Integrity-178B has a top National Security Agency rating. 💰
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Additional Resources
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More UNIX®
- What, a real UNIX®? - Excerpt from [Explaining BSD](https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/explaining-bsd/index.html).
- All About Linux 2008: Aren't UNIX and Linux the same thing? Yes and no. - From Techcrunch 📰.
- Unix Heritage Wiki - The Unix Heritage Wiki aims to collect the available historical documents of Unix into one central place so they can be studied by researchers and Unix enthusiasts alike.
- Unix History - A simplified diagram by Éric Lévénez of UNIX history and several useful other UNIX historical resources.
- Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix: From AT&T-Owned to Freely Redistributable - A history of BSD, from the original UNIX through the litigation and 4.4BSD. An excerpt from "Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution", O'Reilly Media, 1st edition (January 1999), ISBN 1565925823. 📚
- A Quarter Century of Unix - Peter Salus, Addison-Wesley Professional, June 10, 1994, ISBN 978-0201547771. 📚
- The C Programming Language - Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1978, ISBN 0131101633. 📚
- AT&T Archives: The UNIX Operating System
- UNIX - From "Computer Chronicles" TV Series (1985). 📼
- UNIX - From "Computer Chronicles" TV Series (1989). 📼
- C and Unix at Bell Labs - By Brian Kernighan at Vintage Computer Federation East 10 (2016). 📼
- The Strange Birth and Long Life of Unix - By Warren Toomey.
- The Art of Unix Programming - Eric Steven Raymond, Thyrsus Enterprises, 2003. 📚
- Basics of the Unix Philosophy
- The Unix Philosophy in One Lesson
- Program Design in the UNIX Environment
- Bringing the Unix Philosophy to Big Data - By Bryan Cantrill, CTO of Joyent, developer of illumos-based SmartOS, at FutureStack13 (2013). 📼
- Do one thing, and do it well: 40 years of UNIX
- suckless Philosophy - The suckless project is the home of dwm, dmenu, and other quality software with a focus on simplicity, clarity, and frugality.
- The Unix Workbench - A book for anyone to get started with Unix.
- Awesome C
- Awesome C
- Unix and Multics - The Multicians web site presents the story of the Multics operating system for people interested in the system's history.
- The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System - Paper presents a brief history of the early development of the Unix operating system, by Dennis M. Ritchie.
- A Repository of Unix History and Evolution - The history and evolution of the Unix operating system from 1972 to 2016 by Diomidis Spinellis [PDF](http://www.spinellis.gr/pubs/jrnl/2016-EMPSE-unix-history/html/unix-history.pdf).
- Unix Architecture Evolution from the 1970 PDP-7 to the 2018 FreeBSD Important Milestones and Lessons Learned - Diomidis Spinellis at Fosdem 2018. 📼
- Awesome Rust - A curated list of Rust code and resources.
- Awesome Swift - A collaborative list of awesome Swift libraries and resources.
- Awesome Awesomeness
- Awesome Fortran - A curated list of Fortran libraries.
- Awesome Python - A curated list of awesome Python frameworks, libraries, software, and resources.
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UNIX® Code/Emulation
- osabandonware - A git-based archive of abandonware operating systems.
- AT&T 3B1 Emulator - Emulate the original AT&T UNIX.
- The UNIX Tree - Browse the source code and manuals of various old versions of Unix.
- WinWorld Library - Collection of abandonware operating systems, including many old UNIX and Unix-like operating systems.
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UNIX®/POSIX® Technical Standards
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Community
- Reddit - A social news aggregation, web content rating, and discussion website.
- /r/linux - General GNU/Linux discussion. ~330k users.
- /r/unixporn - Dedicated to NIX customization, screenshots, and configurations. ~123k users.
- /r/ubuntu - Specific news, information, and discussion about Ubuntu. ~95k users.
- /r/arch - Arch Linux discussion and support. ~65k users.
- /r/debian - News and other stuff about Debian. ~23k users.
- /r/fedora - News, information, and support surrounding Fedora. ~16k users.
- /r/BSD - A place for all things BSD. ~10k users.
- /r/freebsd - News and more about FreeBSD. ~9k users.
- /r/slackware - Slackware Linux discussion and support. ~2k users.
- /r/plan9 - Discussion surrounding Plan 9 from Bell Labs. ~1k users.
- /r/haikuOS - Discussion, support, progress reports, and news about Haiku OS. ~1k users.
- /r/hurd - GNU HURD discussion and support. ~1k users.
- /r/solaris - Oracle Solaris news and discussion. ~1k users.
- /r/minix - Discussion surrounding the MINIX 3 OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum. ~600 users.
- Snoonet
- OFTC
- nixCraft - NixCraft is an online community of new and seasoned Linux / Unix users.
- freenode
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Free Software and Open Source Movements
- GNU Project
- Philosophy of the GNU Project
- What is free software and why is it so important for society?
- Open Source Initiative - The Open Source Initiative (OSI) protects and promotes open source software, development and communities, championing software freedom in society.
- The Cathedral and the Bazaar - By Eric S. Raymond.
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UNIX®/Linux®-Related Trade Groups
- USENIX℠ - The USENIX Association is the Advanced Computing Systems Association. It was founded in 1975 under the name "Unix Users Group," focusing primarily on the study and development of Unix and similar systems.
- FreeBSD Foundation - The FreeBSD Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting and building the FreeBSD Project and community worldwide.
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Notable Historic UNIX® and Unix®-like Operating Systems
- Microsoft Xenix® - Xenix is a discontinued version of the Unix operating system for various microcomputer platforms, licensed by Microsoft® from AT&T in the late 1970s. After the discontinuation of Xenix, Microsoft offered [Windows Services for UNIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Services_for_UNIX#1.0) for Windows NT 4 through Windows 8. Windows 10, the successor to Windows 8, features the [Windows Linux Subsystem](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about).
- BSD386 - BSD/OS (originally called BSD/386 and sometimes known as BSDi) is a discontinued proprietary version of the BSD operating system developed by Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDi).
- NeXTSTEP - NeXTSTEP is a discontinued object-oriented, multitasking operating system based on UNIX. It was developed by NeXT Computer in the late 1980s and early 1990s and was initially used for its range of proprietary workstation computers such as the NeXTcube.
- Project Athena - Project Athena was a joint project of MIT, Digital Equipment Corporation, and IBM to produce a campus-wide distributed computing environment for educational use. The project spawned many technologies that are widely used today, such as the [X Window System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System) and [Kerberos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol)). Athena was originally based on BSD, followed by IRIX, and then Linux. The Athena tools live in an MIT student project, [Debathena](https://debathena.mit.edu).
- IRIX® - IRIX is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run natively on their MIPS workstations and servers. It is based on UNIX System V with BSD extensions. SGI's Indigo Magic™ Desktop for IRIX® is still [under active development](http://www.maxxinteractive.com/site/?page_id=2) for IRIX and Linux.
- BeOS® - BeOS is an operating system for personal computers first developed by Be Inc. in 1991 built for digital media work with partial POSIX® compatibility.
- NEWS-OS - NEWS-OS was an operating system from Sony based on [BSD then System V](http://archive.is/a5hbc) that powered a line of series of Unix workstations sold during the late 1980s and 1990s. The first NEWS machine workstations appeared in Japan in January 1987 and was conceived as a desktop replacement for the VAX series. NEWS-OS was notable for having advanced TCP/IP networking features and being the first development tool for the new Sony Playstation.
- Sony History Page
- Interview - With project lead, Toshihide Doi.
- Interview - With Alex Rosenberg, former Manager of Platform Architecture at Sony.
- Darwin - Darwin is an open-source Unix operating system released by Apple, Inc. It is composed of code developed by Apple, as well as code derived from NeXTSTEP, BSD, Mach, and other free software projects.
- MkLinux - MkLinux is an open source computer operating system started by the Open Group and Apple in 1996 to port Linux to Macintosh computers. Its last release was in 2002.
- CoLinux - Cooperative Linux, abbreviated coLinux, was software which allowed Microsoft Windows and the Linux kernel to run simultaneously in parallel on the same machine.
- ULTRIX® - ULTRIX is the brand name of Digital Equipment Corporation's discontinued native UNIX operating systems for the PDP-11, VAX, and DECstations.
- Tru64 UNIX® - Tru64 UNIX® is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX® operating system for the Alpha® platform, currently owned by HP®. Previously, Tru64 UNIX® was a product of Compaq® and before that DEC™, where it was known as Digital UNIX™. It was unusual among commercial UNIX implementations as it is built on top of the [Mach kernel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_(kernel)) like macOS.®
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More macOS®
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Notable Historic UNIX® and Unix®-like Operating Systems
- Awesome macOS Command Line
- macOS for UNIX Users - Apple Technical Brief, July 2011.
- Awesome macOS Command Line
- Awesome Mac
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More illumos®
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Notable Historic UNIX® and Unix®-like Operating Systems
- Awesome DTrace
- What are SunOS and Solaris?
- UNIX Packages - Archive of pre-compiled open source applications for Sun Solaris 2.5 through 11.
- Archive OS Solaris - Archive of illumos and OpenSolaris distributions.
- Fork Yeah! The Rise and Development of illumos - By Bryan Cantrill, CTO of Joylent, developer of illumos-based SmartOS, at USENEX LISA '11 (2011). 📼
- illumos at 6 - By Peter Tribble, developer of illumos-based Tribblix, at FLOSSUK8 (2017). 📼
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More BSD
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Notable Historic UNIX® and Unix®-like Operating Systems
- allbsd.org - Resource that aims to support open source developers providing resources including web space, remote shell account service, and so on.
- MeetBSD - MeetBSD is an annual event gathering of users and developers of the BSD operating systems family.
- BSD v. Linux
- A Narrative History of BSD - By Kirk McKusick, USENIX℠ Board Member, at MeetBSD California (2014). 📼
- MeetBSD - MeetBSD is an annual event gathering of users and developers of the BSD operating systems family.
- History of the Berkelet Software Distributions - By Kirk McKusick. DVD. 218 minutes. $19.95. 📼
- Archive OS BSD - Archive of BSD distributions.
- BSD Family Tree - BSD family tree from freebsd-src.
- Wikipedia - Comparison of BSD operating systems.
- Wikipedia - List of BSD operating systems.
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More Linux®
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Notable Historic UNIX® and Unix®-like Operating Systems
- Awesome Linux Software
- Awesome Linux
- Awesome Linux
- Revolution OS - Revolution OS is a 2001 documentary which traces the history of GNU, Linux, and the open source and free software movements. (2001). 📼
- Linux Standard Base - LSB is an effort to develop a unifying set of standards for Linux not unlike the Open Group's standards for UNIX.
- Archive OS Linux - Archive of Linux distributions.
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UNIX and Unix-Like Hardware Vendors
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Notable Historic UNIX® and Unix®-like Operating Systems
- Apple® - macOS laptops and desktops.
- iXsystems® - FreeBSD servers.
- System76® - Linux laptops and desktops.
- Entroware® - Linux laptops, desktops, and servers.
- HP® - Linux laptops, desktops, and servers.
- HPE® - Linux and HP-UX servers.
- Oracle® - Linux and Solaris servers.
- Dell® - Linux laptops, desktops, and servers.
- IBM® - Linux and AIX servers.
- Lenovo - Linux laptops, desktops, and servers.
- Raptor Engineering® - Linux PowerPC® workstation.
- PowerPC Notebook - Linux laptop with PowerPC architecture.
- StationX - Linux laptops and desktops.
- Fujitsu® - Linux and Solaris servers.
- Inspur® - Linux servers.
- Google® - Chrome OS laptops and desktops.
- Ubuntu-Certified Hardware
- ThinkPenguin - Linux laptops and desktops.
- Apple® - macOS laptops and desktops.
- System76® - Linux laptops and desktops.
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Intellectual Property Notices
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GNU Hurd
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
- GNU/Hurd - GNU Hurd is a multiserver microkernel developed by the GNU Project. It has been under development since 1990 and is designed as a replacement for the Unix kernel. It is released as free software under the GNU General Public License .
- Debian GNU/Hurd - Debian GNU/Hurd is an implementation of the GNU Hurd on the Debian userspace with the apt package manager.
- Arch GNU/Hurd - Arch GNU/Hurd is an implementation of the GNU Hurd on the Arch userspace with the pacman package manager.
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Programming Languages
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Additional Resources
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UNIX and Unix-Like Hardware Vendors
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Linux
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AT&T UNIX®-Derived Operating Systems
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Unique Linux® Distributions/Related Projects
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Popular Non-Commercial Linux® Distributions
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Mobile Linux® Distributions
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Solaris and illumos
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Popular Commercial Linux® Distributions
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More Linux®
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Frequently Asked Questions
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Certified UNIX Operating Systems
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Unix-like Real Time Operating Systems
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Embedded/IoT-Focused Linux® Distributions
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More Unix-Like Operating Systems
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More macOS®
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GNU Hurd
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Plan 9 Derivatives
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UNIX-Certified Linux-Based Operating Systems
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iOS
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Most Unix®-Like Engineered Linux [Distributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution)
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Notable Historic UNIX® and Unix®-like Operating Systems
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More UNIX®
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Disambiguation: AT&T UNIX®, UNIX® Certification, UNIX®-Like, and Linux®
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Community
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UNIX® Code/Emulation
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Intellectual Property Notices
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UNIX®/POSIX® Technical Standards
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What is UNIX
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Why is UNIX relevant today
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