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https://github.com/supabase/pg_jsonschema
PostgreSQL extension providing JSON Schema validation
https://github.com/supabase/pg_jsonschema
Last synced: 12 days ago
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PostgreSQL extension providing JSON Schema validation
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/supabase/pg_jsonschema
- Owner: supabase
- License: apache-2.0
- Created: 2022-03-22T13:17:28.000Z (about 2 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2024-04-12T20:06:03.000Z (2 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-04-13T21:54:15.136Z (2 months ago)
- Language: Rust
- Size: 124 KB
- Stars: 925
- Watchers: 19
- Forks: 29
- Open Issues: 1
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
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README
# pg_jsonschema
---
**Source Code**: https://github.com/supabase/pg_jsonschema
---
## Summary
`pg_jsonschema` is a PostgreSQL extension adding support for [JSON schema](https://json-schema.org/) validation on `json` and `jsonb` data types.
## API
Three SQL functions:
- json_matches_schema
- jsonb_matches_schema (note the **jsonb** in front)
- jsonschema_is_valid
With the following signatures
```sql
-- Validates a json *instance* against a *schema*
json_matches_schema(schema json, instance json) returns bool
```
and
```sql
-- Validates a jsonb *instance* against a *schema*
jsonb_matches_schema(schema json, instance jsonb) returns bool
```
and
```sql
-- Validates whether a json *schema* is valid
jsonschema_is_valid(schema json) returns bool
```
## Usage
Those functions can be used to constrain `json` and `jsonb` columns to conform to a schema.
For example:
```sql
create extension pg_jsonschema;
create table customer(
id serial primary key,
metadata json,
check (
json_matches_schema(
'{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"tags": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 16
}
}
}
}'::json,
metadata
)
)
);
-- Example: Valid Payload
insert into customer(metadata)
values ('{"tags": ["vip", "darkmode-ui"]}');
-- Result:
-- INSERT 0 1
-- Example: Invalid Payload
insert into customer(metadata)
values ('{"tags": [1, 3]}');
-- Result:
-- ERROR: new row for relation "customer" violates check constraint "customer_metadata_check"
-- DETAIL: Failing row contains (2, {"tags": [1, 3]}).
```
## JSON Schema Support
pg_jsonschema is a (very) thin wrapper around the [jsonschema](https://docs.rs/jsonschema/latest/jsonschema/) rust crate. Visit their docs for full details on which drafts of the JSON Schema spec are supported.
## Try it Out
Spin up Postgres with pg_jsonschema installed in a docker container via `docker-compose up`. The database is available at `postgresql://postgres:password@localhost:5407/app`
## Installation
Requires:
- [pgrx](https://github.com/tcdi/pgrx)
```shell
cargo pgrx run
```
which drops into a psql prompt.
```psql
psql (13.6)
Type "help" for help.
pg_jsonschema=# create extension pg_jsonschema;
CREATE EXTENSION
pg_jsonschema=# select json_matches_schema('{"type": "object"}', '{}');
json_matches_schema
---------------------
t
(1 row)
```
for more complete installation guidelines see the [pgrx](https://github.com/tcdi/pgrx) docs.
## Prior Art
[postgres-json-schema](https://github.com/gavinwahl/postgres-json-schema) - JSON Schema Postgres extension written in PL/pgSQL
[is_jsonb_valid](https://github.com/furstenheim/is_jsonb_valid) - JSON Schema Postgres extension written in C
[pgx_json_schema](https://github.com/jefbarn/pgx_json_schema) - JSON Schema Postgres extension written with pgrx + jsonschema
## Benchmark
#### System
- 2021 MacBook Pro M1 Max (32GB)
- macOS 14.2
- PostgreSQL 16.2
### Setup
Validating the following schema on 20k unique inserts
```json
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"a": {"type": "number"},
"b": {"type": "string"}
}
}
```
```sql
create table bench_test_pg_jsonschema(
meta jsonb,
check (
jsonb_matches_schema(
'{"type": "object", "properties": {"a": {"type": "number"}, "b": {"type": "string"}}}',
meta
)
)
);
insert into bench_test_pg_jsonschema(meta)
select
json_build_object(
'a', i,
'b', i::text
)
from
generate_series(1, 20000) t(i);
-- Query Completed in 351 ms
```
for comparison, the equivalent test using postgres-json-schema's `validate_json_schema` function ran in 5.54 seconds. pg_jsonschema's ~15x speedup on this example JSON schema grows quickly as the schema becomes more complex.