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https://github.com/nytimes/rd-bundler-3d-plugins

Bundler plugins for optimizing glTF 3D models
https://github.com/nytimes/rd-bundler-3d-plugins

3d gltf plugins rollup vite

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Bundler plugins for optimizing glTF 3D models

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# R&D Bundler 3D Plugins



Bundler plugins for optimizing glTF 3D models (.gltf and .glb files).



_Created by [R&D @ The New York Times](https://rd.nytimes.com/)._



## Overview



Monorepo containing plugins for two popular bundlers (Vite and Rollup) allowing each to process and optimize 3D models used by a web application. While bundlers can process traditional web content — like CSS or images — out of the box or with existing plugins, bundlers lack any understanding of 3D content. This project orchestrates processing of models using the [glTF-Transform](https://gltf-transform.donmccurdy.com/) library, and includes configuration flexible enough to select among existing processing stages or to define and add new methods.



Dependencies:



- [glTF Transform](https://gltf-transform.donmccurdy.com/): general-purpose glTF processing library

- [Draco](https://github.com/google/draco/): compression for mesh geometry

- [Meshoptimizer](https://github.com/zeux/meshoptimizer): compression for mesh geometry, point geometry, animation, and morph targets



## Quickstart



### 1. Installation



Rollup:



```shell

npm install --save-dev rollup-plugin-gltf

```



Vite:



```shell

npm install --save-dev vite-plugin-gltf

```



### 2. Minimal Configuration



The plugin is unopinionated about which optimizations should be applied to your glTF models. Here is a minimal configuration that simply applies Draco compression of your assets:



```js

// *.config.js

import gltf from "rollup-plugin-gltf"; // (a) Rollup

import gltf from "vite-plugin-gltf"; // (b) Vite



import { draco } from "@gltf-transform/functions";



return {

  // ...

  plugins: [

    gltf({

      transforms: [draco()],

    }),

  ],

};

```



See [advanced configuration](#advanced-configuration) for more complex examples.



_SvelteKit:_ it seems that in SvelteKit SSR should be disabled in order to avoid mysterious `ReferenceError` issues - see issues filed [here](https://github.com/nytimes/rd-bundler-3d-plugins/issues/19) and on the [SvelteKit repo](https://github.com/sveltejs/kit/issues/9000).



### 3. Asset Placement



Assets should be placed somewhere in the `src` directory, and imported as resolved URLs:



```javascript

import sceneUrl from "./assets/scene.glb"; // full path: src/assets/scene.glb

```



_SvelteKit:_ in a SvelteKit project, place your assets somewhere in `src/lib`. Then you can import the asset's post-build url like so:



```svelte



  import sceneUrl from '$lib/assets/scene.glb';



```



### 4. Execution on Build



The plugin will optimize assets _at build time_. Vite has [several modes](https://vitejs.dev/guide/env-and-mode.html#modes), and optimization occurs in production (`vite build`) and preview (`vite preview`) but not development (`vite`) modes.



## Advanced Configuration



Many optimizations are available off the shelf from [`@gltf-transform/functions`](https://gltf-transform.donmccurdy.com/functions.html). You can compose these to form your own optimization pipelines, for example:



```js

// *.config.js

import gltf from "rollup-plugin-gltf"; // (a) Rollup

import gltf from "vite-plugin-gltf"; // (b) Vite



import { dedup, draco, prune, textureCompress } from "@gltf-transform/functions";

import sharp from 'sharp';



return {

  // ...

  plugins: [

    gltf({

      transforms: [

        // remove unused resources

        prune(),

        // combine duplicated resources

        dedup(),

        // optimize images, keep size under 2048x2048

        textureCompress({ encoder: sharp, resize: [2048, 2048] }),

        // compress mesh geometry

        draco(),

      ],

    }),

  ],

};

```



Other types of processing can be customized to the needs of your project. For example, the custom transform below converts double-sided materials to single-sided materials, helping to improve [fillrate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillrate):



```js

// *.config.js

import gltf from "rollup-plugin-gltf"; // (a) Rollup

import gltf from "vite-plugin-gltf"; // (b) Vite



const frontSide = (options) => {

  return async (document) => {

    for (const material of document.getRoot().listMaterials()) {

      material.setDoubleSided(false);

    }

  };

};



return {

  // ...

  plugins: [gltf({ transforms: [frontSide()] })],

};

```



## Roadmap



We believe this is the first open source project bringing optimization of 3D scenes into the standard build tools used for web application development. As a result, the boundaries of the project's scope are likely to evolve. The Q&A below tries to address some likely questions about scope, but please feel free to open issues or discussions on GitHub with questions.



**Will you support other bundlers?**



Yes, but we need your help. We hope this project is structured to make extension to other web-related build tools possible. But we aren't currently working with other build tools ourselves, and would prefer that development for those tools be driven by users who are. If that's you, please file an issue or PR on GitHub!



**Will you support _<specific optimization>_?**



Yes, but requests for particular optimization features are best directed to the optimization tools we already use. We configure bundlers to process 3D assets with existing optimization tools. New optimizations will become available here as those tools evolve.



**Will you support other optimization tools?**



Maybe. We're using glTF-Transform because it's compatible with a JavaScript runtime, provides integrations with other optimization tools ([Draco](https://google.github.io/draco/), [Meshoptimizer](https://github.com/zeux/meshoptimizer), [Sharp](https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/), [Basis Universal](https://github.com/BinomialLLC/basis_universal)), and is extensible enough to allow defining new processing stages easily. We'd encourage you to see if your requirements are possible within that framework, but would be glad to hear from you if not.



**Will you support optimizing other file formats?**



Maybe. Many file formats do not support the types of optimizations that motivate the creation of this project, and we consider such formats out of scope. glTF offers significant advantages as a last-mile format for runtime delivery. Other 3D formats like 3D Tiles or USDZ may be worth discussing, or related file types like MaterialX, OpenEXR, KTX2, WebP, and AVIF.



At present, we support only glTF (.gltf, .glb) files.



**Will you support converting between 3D file formats?**



Probably not. Conversions between arbitrary file formats are not clean 1:1 mappings and often require significant adjustments, making this a process better handled offline with a human involved. As the tooling and file format ecosystems evolve, we may reconsider.



## Contributing



See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md).



## License



Apache License, Version 2.0. See [LICENSE](./LICENSE).



> This repository is maintained by the Research & Development team at The New York Times and is provided as-is for your own use. For more information about R&D at the Times visit [rd.nytimes.com](https://rd.nytimes.com).