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https://github.com/nilportugues/laravel5-jsonapi-dingo

Laravel5 JSONAPI and Dingo together to build APIs fast
https://github.com/nilportugues/laravel5-jsonapi-dingo

api dingo json json-api jsonapi laravel laravel5 marshaller microservice microservices php php7 serialization serializer transformer

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Laravel5 JSONAPI and Dingo together to build APIs fast

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# Laravel 5 JSON API Mappings with Dingo

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- [Features](#features)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Usage](#usage)
- [JsonApiController](#jsonapicontroller)
- [Examples: Consuming the API](#examples-consuming-the-api)
- [GET](#get)
- [POST](#post)
- [PUT](#put)
- [PATCH](#patch)
- [DELETE](#delete)
- [GET Query Params: include, fields, sort and page](#get-query-params-include-fields-sort-and-page)
- [POST/PUT/PATCH with Relationships](#postputpatch-with-relationships)
- [Custom Response Headers](#custom-response-headers)
- [Common Errors and Solutions](#common-errors-and-solutions)

This package makes [Laravel 5 JSON API Server Package](https://github.com/nilportugues/laravel5-jsonapi) and [Dingo](https://github.com/dingo/api) play well together by using Dingo's API routing system instead of Laravel's.

By doing this you get the automatic formatting of the JSON API mappings and the versioning and security offered by Dingo.

## Features

- Package provides a full implementation of the **[JSON API](https://github.com/json-api/json-api)** specification, and is **featured** on the official site!
- A **JSON API Transformer** that will allow you to convert any mapped object into a valid JSON API resource.
- Controller boilerplate to write a fully compiliant **JSON API Server** using your **exisiting Eloquent Models**.
- **Dingo features such as:**
- Multiple Authentication Adapters
- API Versioning
- Rate Limiting
- Internal Requests
- API Blueprint Documentation

## Installation

Use [Composer](https://getcomposer.org) to install the package:

```
$ composer require nilportugues/laravel5-json-api-dingo
```

Now run the following artisan command:

```
$ php artisan vendor:publish
```

## Configuration

Open up `config/app.php` and add the following line under `providers` array:

```php
'providers' => [
//...
NilPortugues\Laravel5\JsonApiDingo\Laravel5JsonApiDingoServiceProvider::class,
],
```

## Usage

### Defining routes

We will be planning the resources ahead its implementation. All routes require to have a name.

This is how our `app/Http/routes.php` will look:

```php
version('v1', function ($api) {
$api->resource('employees', 'EmployeesController');

$api->get('employees/{employee_id}/orders', [
'as' => 'employees.orders',
'uses' => 'EmployeesController@getOrdersByEmployee'
]);
});

//...
```

### Definition

First, let's define the Models for `Employees` and `Orders` using Eloquent.

**Employees (Eloquent Model)**
```php
hasMany(Orders::class, 'employee_id')->limit(10);
}

/**
* @return string
*/
public function getFullNameAttribute()
{
return $this->first_name.' '.$this->last_name;
}
}

```

**Employees SQL**

```sql
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`company` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`email_address` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`job_title` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`business_phone` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
`home_phone` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
`mobile_phone` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
`fax_number` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
`address` longtext,
`city` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`state_province` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`zip_postal_code` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL,
`country_region` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`web_page` longtext,
`notes` longtext,
`attachments` longblob,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `city` (`city`),
KEY `company` (`company`),
KEY `first_name` (`first_name`),
KEY `last_name` (`last_name`),
KEY `zip_postal_code` (`zip_postal_code`),
KEY `state_province` (`state_province`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `employees` (`id`, `company`, `last_name`, `first_name`, `email_address`, `job_title`, `business_phone`, `home_phone`, `mobile_phone`, `fax_number`, `address`, `city`, `state_province`, `zip_postal_code`, `country_region`, `web_page`, `notes`, `attachments`)
VALUES
(10, 'Acme Industries', 'Smith', 'Mike', '[email protected]', 'Horticultarlist', '0118 9843212', NULL, NULL, NULL, '343 Friary Road', 'Manchester', 'Lancs.', 'M3 3DL', 'United Kingdom', NULL, NULL, NULL);

```

**Orders (Eloquent Model)**

```php
belongsTo(Employees::class, 'employee_id');
}
}
```

**Orders SQL**

```sql
CREATE TABLE `orders` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`employee_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`customer_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`order_date` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`shipped_date` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`shipper_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`ship_name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`ship_address` longtext,
`ship_city` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`ship_state_province` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`ship_zip_postal_code` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`ship_country_region` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`shipping_fee` decimal(19,4) DEFAULT '0.0000',
`taxes` decimal(19,4) DEFAULT '0.0000',
`payment_type` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`paid_date` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`notes` longtext,
`tax_rate` double DEFAULT '0',
`tax_status_id` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`status_id` tinyint(4) DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `customer_id` (`customer_id`),
KEY `employee_id` (`employee_id`),
KEY `id` (`id`),
KEY `shipper_id` (`shipper_id`),
KEY `tax_status` (`tax_status_id`),
KEY `ship_zip_postal_code` (`ship_zip_postal_code`),
KEY `fk_orders_orders_status1` (`status_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_orders_employees1` FOREIGN KEY (`employee_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=82 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `orders` (`id`, `employee_id`, `customer_id`, `order_date`, `shipped_date`, `shipper_id`, `ship_name`, `ship_address`, `ship_city`, `ship_state_province`, `ship_zip_postal_code`, `ship_country_region`, `shipping_fee`, `taxes`, `payment_type`, `paid_date`, `notes`, `tax_rate`, `tax_status_id`, `status_id`)
VALUES
(82, 10, NULL, '2015-03-12 00:00:00', '2015-03-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '43, Borrowed Drive', 'New Oreleans', 'Louisiana', '4322', 'USA', 1.4000, 0.0000, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);

```

Follow up, we'll be creating Transformers. One Transformer is required for each class and it must implement the `\NilPortugues\Api\Mappings\JsonApiMapping` interface.

We will be placing these files at `app/Model/Api`:

**EmployeesTransformer**

```php
'surname',

];
}

/**
* List of properties in the class that will be ignored by the mapping.
*
* @return array
*/
public function getHideProperties()
{
return [
'attachments'
];
}

/**
* Returns an array of properties that are used as an ID value.
*
* @return array
*/
public function getIdProperties()
{
return ['id'];
}

/**
* Returns a list of URLs. This urls must have placeholders
* to be replaced with the getIdProperties() values.
*
* @return array
*/
public function getUrls()
{
return [
'self' => ['name' => 'employees.show', 'as_id' => 'id'],
'employees' => ['name' => 'employees.index'],
'employee_orders' => ['name' => 'employees.orders', 'as_id' => 'id']
];
}

/**
* Returns an array containing the relationship mappings as an array.
* Key for each relationship defined must match a property of the mapped class.
*
* @return array
*/
public function getRelationships()
{
return [];
}

/**
* Returns an array of properties that are mandatory to be passed in when doing create or update.
*
* @return array
*/
public function getRequiredProperties() {
return [];
}
}
```

Same goes for `Orders`, these files will also be placed at `app/Model/Api`:

**OrdersTransformer**

```php
['name' => 'orders.show', 'as_id' => 'id'],
'employee' => ['name' => 'employees.show', 'as_id' => 'employee_id'],
];
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
public function getRelationships()
{
return [];
}

/**
* Returns an array of properties that are mandatory to be passed in when doing create or update.
*
* @return array
*/
public function getRequiredProperties() {
return [];
}
}
```

#### Usage

Open `config/jsonapi.php`. This file should return an array returning all the class mappings.

```php
getPage();

if (!$page->size()) {
$page->setSize(10); //Default elements per page
}

$resource = new ListResource(
$this->serializer,
$page,
$apiRequest->getFields(),
$apiRequest->getSort(),
$apiRequest->getIncludedRelationships(),
$apiRequest->getFilters()
);

$totalAmount = function() use ($request) {
$id = (new Orders())->getKeyName();
return Orders::query()
->where('employee_id', '=', $request->employee_id)
->get([$id])
->count();
};

$results = function() use ($request) {
return EloquentHelper::paginate(
$this->serializer,
Orders::query()
->where('employee_id', '=', $request->employee_id)
)->get();
};

$uri = route('employees.orders', ['employee_id' => $request->employee_id]);

return $resource->get($totalAmount, $results, $uri, Orders::class);
}
}
```

And you're ready to go. Yes, it is **THAT** simple!

## Examples: Consuming the API

### GET

This is the output for `EmployeesController@getAction` being consumed from command-line method issuing: `curl -X GET "http://localhost:9000/employees/1"`.

**Output:**

```
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Content-type: application/vnd.api+json
```

```json
{
"data": {
"type": "employee",
"id": "1",
"attributes": {
"company": "Northwind Traders",
"surname": "Freehafer",
"first_name": "Nancy",
"email_address": "[email protected]",
"job_title": "Sales Representative",
"business_phone": "(123)555-0100",
"home_phone": "(123)555-0102",
"mobile_phone": null,
"fax_number": "(123)555-0103",
"address": "123 1st Avenue",
"city": "Seattle",
"state_province": "WA",
"zip_postal_code": "99999",
"country_region": "USA",
"web_page": "http://northwindtraders.com",
"notes": null,
"full_name": "Nancy Freehafer"
},
"links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/1"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/1/orders"
}
},
"relationships": {
"latest_orders": [
{
"data": {
"type": "order",
"id": "71"
}
}
]
}
},
"included": [
{
"type": "order",
"id": "71",
"attributes": {
"employee_id": "1",
"customer_id": "1",
"order_date": "2006-05-24 00:00:00",
"shipped_date": null,
"shipper_id": "3",
"ship_name": "Anna Bedecs",
"ship_address": "123 1st Street",
"ship_city": "Seattle",
"ship_state_province": "WA",
"ship_zip_postal_code": "99999",
"ship_country_region": "USA",
"shipping_fee": "0.0000",
"taxes": "0.0000",
"payment_type": null,
"paid_date": null,
"notes": null,
"tax_rate": "0",
"tax_status_id": null,
"status_id": "0"
},
"links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/orders/71"
},
"employee": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/1"
}
}
}
],
"links": {
"employees": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/1/orders"
}
},
"jsonapi": {
"version": "1.0"
}
}
```

### POST

POST requires all member attributes to be accepted, even those hidden by the mapper.

For instance, `attachments` member was hidden, but it is required, so it needs to be passed in with a valid value. On the other hand, `full_name` member value must not be passed in as an attribute or resource creation will fail.

Passing and `id` is optional and will be used instead of a server-side generated value if provided.

Sending the following data to the server using `POST`to the following URI `http://localhost:9000/employees`:

```json
{
"data": {
"type": "employee",
"attributes": {
"company": "NilPortugues.com",
"surname": "Portugués",
"first_name": "Nil",
"email_address": "[email protected]",
"job_title": "Web Developer",
"business_phone": "(123)555-0100",
"home_phone": "(123)555-0102",
"mobile_phone": null,
"fax_number": "(123)555-0103",
"address": "Plaça Catalunya 1",
"city": "Barcelona",
"state_province": "Barcelona",
"zip_postal_code": "08028",
"country_region": "Spain",
"web_page": "http://nilportugues.com",
"notes": null,
"attachments": null
}
}
}
```

Will produce:

```
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Content-type: application/vnd.api+json
Location: http://localhost:9000/employees/10
```

Notice how 201 HTTP Status Code is returned and Location header too. Also `attachments` is not there anymore, and `full_name` was displayed.

```json
{
"data": {
"type": "employee",
"id": "10",
"attributes": {
"company": "NilPortugues.com",
"surname": "Portugués",
"first_name": "Nil",
"email_address": "[email protected]",
"job_title": "Web Developer",
"business_phone": "(123)555-0100",
"home_phone": "(123)555-0102",
"mobile_phone": null,
"fax_number": "(123)555-0103",
"address": "Plaça Catalunya 1",
"city": "Barcelona",
"state_province": "Barcelona",
"zip_postal_code": "08028",
"country_region": "Spain",
"web_page": "http://nilportugues.com",
"notes": null,
"full_name": "Nil Portugués"
},
"links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10/orders"
}
}
},
"links": {
"employees": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10/orders"
}
},
"jsonapi": {
"version": "1.0"
}
}
```

### PUT

PUT requires all member attributes to be accepted, just like POST.

For the sake of this example, we'll just send in a new `job_title` value, and keep everything else exactly the same.

It's important to notice this time we are required to pass in the `id`, even if it has been passed in by the URI, and of course the `id` values must match. Otherwise it will fail.

Sending the following data to the server using `PUT`to the following URI `http://localhost:9000/employees/10`:

```json
{
"data": {
"type": "employee",
"id": 10,
"attributes": {
"company": "NilPortugues.com",
"surname": "Portugués",
"first_name": "Nil",
"email_address": "[email protected]",
"job_title": "Full Stack Web Developer",
"business_phone": "(123)555-0100",
"home_phone": "(123)555-0102",
"mobile_phone": null,
"fax_number": "(123)555-0103",
"address": "Plaça Catalunya 1",
"city": "Barcelona",
"state_province": "Barcelona",
"zip_postal_code": "08028",
"country_region": "Spain",
"web_page": "http://nilportugues.com",
"notes": null,
"attachments": null
}
}
}
```

Will produce:

```
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Content-type: application/vnd.api+json
```

```json
{
"data": {
"type": "employee",
"id": "10",
"attributes": {
"company": "NilPortugues.com",
"surname": "Portugués",
"first_name": "Nil",
"email_address": "[email protected]",
"job_title": "Full Stack Web Developer",
"business_phone": "(123)555-0100",
"home_phone": "(123)555-0102",
"mobile_phone": null,
"fax_number": "(123)555-0103",
"address": "Plaça Catalunya 1",
"city": "Barcelona",
"state_province": "Barcelona",
"zip_postal_code": "08028",
"country_region": "Spain",
"web_page": "http://nilportugues.com",
"notes": null,
"full_name": "Nil Portugués"
},
"links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10/orders"
}
}
},
"included": [],
"links": {
"employees": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10/orders"
}
},
"jsonapi": {
"version": "1.0"
}
}
```

### PATCH

PATCH allows partial updates, unlike PUT.

We are required to pass in the `id` member, even if it has been passed in by the URI, and of course the `id` values must match. Otherwise it will fail.

For instance, sending the following data to the server using the following URI `http://localhost:9000/employees/10`:

```json
{
"data": {
"type": "employee",
"id": 10,
"attributes": {
"email_address": "[email protected]"
}
}
}
```

Will produce:

```
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Content-type: application/vnd.api+json
```

```json
{
"data": {
"type": "employee",
"id": "10",
"attributes": {
"company": "NilPortugues.com",
"surname": "Portugués",
"first_name": "Nil",
"email_address": "[email protected]",
"job_title": "Full Stack Web Developer",
"business_phone": "(123)555-0100",
"home_phone": "(123)555-0102",
"mobile_phone": null,
"fax_number": "(123)555-0103",
"address": "Plaça Catalunya 1",
"city": "Barcelona",
"state_province": "Barcelona",
"zip_postal_code": "08028",
"country_region": "Spain",
"web_page": "http://nilportugues.com",
"notes": null,
"full_name": "Nil Portugués"
},
"links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10/orders"
}
}
},
"included": [],
"links": {
"employees": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10/orders"
}
},
"jsonapi": {
"version": "1.0"
}
}
```

### DELETE

DELETE is the easiest method to use, as it does not require body. Just issue a DELETE to `http://localhost:9000/employees/10/` and `Employee` with `id 10` will be gone.

It will produce the following output:

```
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Content-type: application/vnd.api+json
```

And notice how response will be empty:

```
```


## GET Query Params: include, fields, sort and page

According to the standard, for GET method, it is possible to:
- Show only those fields requested using `fields`query parameter.
- &fields[resource]=field1,field2

For instance, passing `/employees/10?fields[employee]=company,first_name` will produce the following output:

```json
{
"data": {
"type": "employee",
"id": "10",
"attributes": {
"company": "NilPortugues.com",
"first_name": "Nil"
},
"links": {
"self": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10/orders"
}
}
},
"links": {
"employees": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees"
},
"employee_orders": {
"href": "http://localhost:9000/employees/10/orders"
}
},
"jsonapi": {
"version": "1.0"
}
}
```

- Show only those `include` resources by passing in the relationship between them separated by dot, or just pass in list of resources separated by comma.
- &include=resource1
- &include=resource1.resource2,resource2.resource3


For instance, `/employees?include=order` will only load order type data inside `include` member, but `/employees?include=order.employee` will only load those orders related to the `employee` type.

- Sort results using `sort` and passing in the member names of the main resource defined in `data[type]` member. If it starts with a `-` order is `DESCENDING`, otherwise it's `ASCENDING`.

- &sort=field1,-field2
- &sort=-field1,field2

For instance: `/employees?sort=surname,-first_name`

- Pagination is also defined to allow doing page pagination, cursor pagination or offset pagination.
- &page[number]
- &page[limit]
- &page[cursor]
- &page[offset]
- &page[size]

For instance: `/employees?page[number]=1&page[size]=10`

## POST/PUT/PATCH with Relationships

The JSON API allows resource creation and modification and passing in `relationships` that will create or alter existing resources too.

Let's say we want to create a new `Employee` and pass in its first `Order`too.

This could be done issuing 2 `POST` to the end-points (one for Employee, one for Order) or pass in the first `Order` as a `relationship` with our `Employee`, for instance:

```json
{
"data": {
"type": "employee",
"attributes": {
"company": "Northwind Traders",
"surname": "Giussani",
"first_name": "Laura",
"email_address": "[email protected]",
"job_title": "Sales Coordinator",
"business_phone": "(123)555-0100",
"home_phone": "(123)555-0102",
"mobile_phone": null,
"fax_number": "(123)555-0103",
"address": "123 8th Avenue",
"city": "Redmond",
"state_province": "WA",
"zip_postal_code": "99999",
"country_region": "USA",
"web_page": "http://northwindtraders.com",
"notes": "Reads and writes French.",
"full_name": "Laura Giussani"
},
"relationships": {
"order": {
"data": [
{
"type": "order",
"attributes": {
"customer_id": "28",
"order_date": "2006-05-11 00:00:00",
"shipped_date": "2006-05-11 00:00:00",
"shipper_id": "3",
"ship_name": "Amritansh Raghav",
"ship_address": "789 28th Street",
"ship_city": "Memphis",
"ship_state_province": "TN",
"ship_zip_postal_code": "99999",
"ship_country_region": "USA",
"shipping_fee": "10.0000",
"taxes": "0.0000",
"payment_type": "Check",
"paid_date": "2006-05-11 00:00:00",
"notes": null,
"tax_rate": "0",
"tax_status_id": null,
"status_id": "0"
}
}
]
}
}
}
}
```

Due to the existance of this use case, we'll have to ajust our Controller implementation overwriting some methods provided by the **JsonApiController**: `createResourceCallable`, `updateResourceCallable` and `patchResourceCallable`.

Here's how it would be done for `createResourceCallable`.

```php
$model->getKey()]);
Orders::create($attributes);
}
}
};

return function (array $data, array $values, ErrorBag $errorBag) use ($createOrderResource) {

$attributes = [];
foreach ($values as $name => $value) {
$attributes[$name] = $value;
}

if (!empty($data['id'])) {
$attributes[$this->getDataModel()->getKeyName()] = $values['id'];
}

DB::beginTransaction();
try {
$model = $this->getDataModel()->create($attributes);
$createOrderResource($model, $data);
DB::commit();
return $model;

} catch(\Exception $e) {
DB::rollback();
$errorBag[] = new Error('creation_error', 'Resource could not be created');
throw $e;
}
};
}

}
```

It is important, in order to use Transactions, do define in `Eloquent` models the `$fillable` values.

Here's how `Employees` and `Orders` look like with `$fillable` defined.

**Employees (Eloquent Model) with $fillable**
```php
hasMany(Orders::class, 'employee_id')->limit(10);
}

/**
* @return string
*/
public function getFullNameAttribute()
{
return $this->first_name.' '.$this->last_name;
}
}

```

**Orders (Eloquent Model) with $fillable**

```php
belongsTo(Employees::class, 'employee_id');
}
}
```

## Custom Response Headers

Adding custom response headers can be done for multiple reasons: *versioning, setting expire headers, caching, setting private or public the served content...*

In order to do this, it's as simple as overwriting the JsonApiController `addHeaders` method. For instance, let's use the EmployeeController as an example:

```php
headers->set('X-API-Version', '1.0');
$response->setPublic();
$response->setMaxAge(60);
$response->setSharedMaxAge(60);

return $response;
}
}
```

Now all supported actions will include the added custom headers.

# Common Errors and Solutions

### "Undefined index: @type"

This usually happens because you did not write the namespace of your `Mapping` in `config/jsonapi.php`.
Double check, if missing, add it and refresh the resource. It should be gone!

## Contribute

Contributions to the package are always welcome!

* Report any bugs or issues you find on the [issue tracker](https://github.com/nilportugues/laravel5-jsonapi-dingo/issues/new).
* You can grab the source code at the package's [Git repository](https://github.com/nilportugues/laravel5-jsonapi-dingo).

## Support

Get in touch with me using one of the following means:

- Emailing me at
- Opening an [Issue](https://github.com/nilportugues/laravel5-jsonapi-dingo/issues/new)

## Authors

* [Nil Portugués Calderó](http://nilportugues.com)
* [The Community Contributors](https://github.com/nilportugues/laravel5-jsonapi-dingo/graphs/contributors)

## License
The code base is licensed under the [MIT license](LICENSE).