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https://github.com/bulletmark/mpr

Wrapper for MicroPython mpremote tool
https://github.com/bulletmark/mpr

ampy micropython mpfshell mpremote rshell thonny upydev upyloader webrepl

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Wrapper for MicroPython mpremote tool

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README 

        
## MPR - Wrapper for MicroPython mpremote tool

[![PyPi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/mpr)](https://pypi.org/project/mpr/)

[![AUR](https://img.shields.io/aur/version/mpr)](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mpr/)



The [mpremote][mpremote] command line tool is used to interact with a

[MicroPython][upy] device over a USB/serial connection. It's an official

part of [MicroPython][upy], well featured, and it works more reliably

than competing tools. However, [mpremote][mpremote] exhibits an

unconventional and slightly awkward Linux command line interface.

[mpremote][mpremote] allows "chaining" of multiple sequential commands

but the vast majority of users merely want to copy/delete files etc and

unfortunately the [mpremote][mpremote] user interface compromises

usability for those most common use-cases. Also, users expect in-built

help for all commands so they can easily see usage and expected

arguments (e.g. like [git](https://git-scm.com/) provides).



So [mpr][mpr] presents an alternative interface which wraps

[mpremote][mpremote] to make it appear like a conventional Linux

command line tool where only a single command is accepted (although

there are global options to connect an explicit device; and/or mount a

local directory before that command; and/or reset/reboot after the

command). Unlike [mpremote][mpremote], [mpr][mpr] always allows you to

exploit your shell wildcard abilities to pass multiple file/directory

arguments to commands. Full in-built usage help is available for the

tool, and each of it's commands (see [Usage](#usage) section below). It

also provides a novel shortcut mechanism to [infer target device

directories](#directorypath-inference) based on where on your local PC

you are copying files from or to. There are a few other nice

[features](#compatibility-notes). The following session shows small

examples of [mpr][mpr] in use.



```

$ tree

./

├── Makefile

├── boot.py

├── main.py

├── package_a.py

└── package_b/

    ├── file1.py

    └── file2.py



# View the inbuild usage/help for the put command (Note you can just type

# mpr without any arguments to see all available commands, see Usage

# section below):

$ mpr put -h

usage: mpr put [-h] [-f] [-r] src [src ...] dst



Copy one or more local files to directory on device.



positional arguments:

  src              name of local source file[s] on PC

  dst              name of destination dir on device



options:

  -h, --help       show this help message and exit

  -f, --file       destination is file, not directory

  -r, --recursive  copy local directory recursively to / on device



# Copy all Python files to root on device:

$ mpr put *.py /

cp boot.py :boot.py

cp main.py :main.py

cp package_a.py :package_a.py



# Create package_b dir and copy all package_b Python files:

$ mpr mkdir package_b

mkdir :package_b

$ cd package_b

# The following exploits mpr's directory inference feature to save typing

# the target directory, see Directory/Path Inference section below:

$ mpr put *.py //

cp file1.py :package_b/file1.py

cp file2.py :package_b/file2.py



# Connect to explicit 1st port, mount local dir, and then import main.py:

$ mpr -d id:0001 -m . exec 'import main'

...

```



I have developed this tool on Linux. The latest version and

documentation is available at https://github.com/bulletmark/mpr.



[mpr]: https://github.com/bulletmark/mpr

[upy]: https://micropython.org/

[mpremote]: https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/reference/mpremote.html



## Installation and Upgrade



Arch Linux users can install [mpr from the

AUR](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mpr/).



Python 3.7 or later is required. The [mpremote][mpremote] program must

be [installed](#path-to-mpremote). Note [mpr is on

PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/mpr/) so just ensure that

[`pipx`](https://pypa.github.io/pipx/) is installed then type the

following:



```

$ pipx install mpr

```



To upgrade:



```

$ pipx upgrade mpr

```



## Usage



Type `mpr` or `mpr -h` to view the usage summary:



```

usage: mpr [-h] [-d DEVICE] [-m MOUNT] [-M MOUNT_UNSAFE_LINKS] [-x]

                   [-b] [-p PATH_TO_MPREMOTE] [--mip-list-url MIP_LIST_URL]

                   [-c] [-v] [-V]

                   {get,g,put,p,copy,c,ls,mkdir,mkd,rmdir,rmd,rm,touch,edit,e,reset,x,reboot,b,repl,r,list,l,devs,run,xrun,xr,exec,eval,mip,m,bootloader,df,rtc,version,config,cf}

                   ...



This is a command line tool to wrap the MicroPython mpremote tool and provide

a more conventional command line interface. Multiple arguments can be

specified for commands and inbuilt usage help is provided for all commands.



options:

  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

  -d DEVICE, --device DEVICE

                        serial port/device to connect to, default is "auto".

                        Specify "-d list" to print out device mnemonics that

                        can be used.

  -m MOUNT, --mount MOUNT

                        mount local directory on device before command

  -M MOUNT_UNSAFE_LINKS, --mount-unsafe-links MOUNT_UNSAFE_LINKS

                        mount local directory and allow external links

  -x, --reset           do soft reset after command

  -b, --reboot          do hard reboot after command

  -p PATH_TO_MPREMOTE, --path-to-mpremote PATH_TO_MPREMOTE

                        path to mpremote program. Assumes same directory as

                        this program, or then just "mpremote"

  --mip-list-url MIP_LIST_URL

                        mip list url for packages,

                        default="https://micropython.org/pi/v2/index.json"

  -c, --completion      output shell TAB completion code

  -v, --verbose         print mpremote execution command line (for debug)

  -V, --version         print mpr version



Commands:

  {get,g,put,p,copy,c,ls,mkdir,mkd,rmdir,rmd,rm,touch,edit,e,reset,x,reboot,b,repl,r,list,l,devs,run,xrun,xr,exec,eval,mip,m,bootloader,df,rtc,version,config,cf}

    get (g)             Copy one or more files from device to local directory.

    put (p)             Copy one or more local files to directory on device.

    copy (c)            Copy one of more remote files to a directory on

                        device.

    ls                  List directory on device.

    mkdir (mkd)         Create the given directory[s] on device.

    rmdir (rmd)         Remove the given directory[s] on device.

    rm                  Remove the given file[s] on device.

    touch               Touch the given file[s] on device.

    edit (e)            Edit the given file[s] on device.

    reset (x)           Soft reset the device.

    reboot (b)          Hard reboot the device.

    repl (r)            Enter REPL on device.

    list (l, devs)      List currently connected devices.

    run                 Run the given local program on device.

    xrun (xr)           Tool to compile and run a local application/program on

                        device.

    exec                Execute the given strings on device.

    eval                Evaluate and print the given strings on device.

    mip (m)             Install packages from micropython-lib or third-party

                        sources.

    bootloader          Enter bootloader on device.

    df                  Show flash usage on device.

    rtc                 Get/set the Real Time Clock (RTC) time from/to device.

    version             Show mpremote version.

    config (cf)         Open the mpr configuration file with your editor.



Type "mpr  -h" to see specific help/usage for any of the above

commands. Some commands offer a short alias as seen in brackets above. Note

you can set default options in ~/.config/mpr.conf (e.g. for --path-to-mpremote

or --mip-list-url). Use "mpr config" to conveniently change the file.

```



Type `mpr  -h` to see specific help/usage for any

individual command:



### Command `get`



```

usage: mpr get [-h] [-f] src [src ...] dst



Copy one or more files from device to local directory.



positional arguments:

  src         name of source file[s] on device

  dst         name of local destination dir on PC, or "-" for stdout



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

  -f, --file  destination is file, not directory



aliases: g

```



### Command `put`



```

usage: mpr put [-h] [-f] [-r] src [src ...] dst



Copy one or more local files to directory on device.



positional arguments:

  src              name of local source file[s] on PC

  dst              name of destination dir on device



options:

  -h, --help       show this help message and exit

  -f, --file       destination is file, not directory

  -r, --recursive  copy local directory recursively to / on device



aliases: p

```



### Command `copy`



```

usage: mpr copy [-h] [-f] src [src ...] dst



Copy one of more remote files to a directory on device.



positional arguments:

  src         name of source file[s] on device

  dst         name of destination dir on device



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

  -f, --file  destination is file, not directory



aliases: c

```



### Command `ls`



```

usage: mpr ls [-h] [dir]



List directory on device.



positional arguments:

  dir         name of dir (default: /)



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: 

```



### Command `mkdir`



```

usage: mpr mkdir [-h] [-q] dir [dir ...]



Create the given directory[s] on device.



positional arguments:

  dir          name of dir[s]



options:

  -h, --help   show this help message and exit

  -q, --quiet  supress normal and error output



aliases: mkd

```



### Command `rmdir`



```

usage: mpr rmdir [-h] [-q] [--rf] [-d DEPTH] dir [dir ...]



Remove the given directory[s] on device.



positional arguments:

  dir                   name of dir[s]



options:

  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

  -q, --quiet           supress normal and error output

  --rf                  force remove given directories and files recursively

                        and quietly

  -d DEPTH, --depth DEPTH

                        use with --rf to remove paths recursively to given

                        depth only, 1="/*", 2="/*/*", etc. Default is no

                        limit.



aliases: rmd

```



### Command `rm`



```

usage: mpr rm [-h] [-q] [--rf] [-d DEPTH] file [file ...]



Remove the given file[s] on device.



positional arguments:

  file                  name of file[s]



options:

  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

  -q, --quiet           supress normal and error output

  --rf                  force remove given directories and files recursively

                        and quietly

  -d DEPTH, --depth DEPTH

                        use with --rf to remove paths recursively to given

                        depth only, 1="/*", 2="/*/*", etc. Default is no

                        limit.



aliases: 

```



### Command `touch`



```

usage: mpr touch [-h] file [file ...]



Touch the given file[s] on device.



positional arguments:

  file        name of file[s]



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: 

```



### Command `edit`



```

usage: mpr edit [-h] file [file ...]



Edit the given file[s] on device. Copies the file from device, opens your

editor on that local file, then copies it back.



positional arguments:

  file        name of file[s]



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: e

```



### Command `reset`



```

usage: mpr reset [-h]



Soft reset the device.



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: x

```



### Command `reboot`



```

usage: mpr reboot [-h] [delay_ms]



Hard reboot the device.



positional arguments:

  delay_ms    optional delay before reboot (millisecs)



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: b

```



### Command `repl`



```

usage: mpr repl [-h] [-e] [-c CAPTURE] [-x INJECT_CODE]

                        [-i INJECT_FILE]



Enter REPL on device.



options:

  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

  -e, --escape-non-printable

                        print non-printable bytes/chars as hex codes

  -c CAPTURE, --capture CAPTURE

                        capture output of the REPL session to given file

  -x INJECT_CODE, --inject-code INJECT_CODE

                        characters to inject at the REPL when Ctrl-J is

                        pressed

  -i INJECT_FILE, --inject-file INJECT_FILE

                        file to inject at the REPL when Ctrl-K is pressed



aliases: r

```



### Command `list`



```

usage: mpr list [-h]



List currently connected devices.



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: l, devs

```



### Command `run`



```

usage: mpr run [-h] [-f] script [script ...]



Run the given local program on device.



positional arguments:

  script           script to run



options:

  -h, --help       show this help message and exit

  -f, --no-follow  do not keep following output, return immediately



aliases: 

```



### Command `xrun`



```

usage: mpr xrun [-h] [-f] [-D DEPTH] [-o] [-C] [-e EXCLUDE]

                        [--map MAP] [-1] [-X PATH_TO_MPY_CROSS]

                        [prog] [args ...]



Tool to compile and run a local application/program on device. Displays

program output in your local terminal using mpremote and, in parallel, it

waits watching for edits/changes to Python source files in the associated

directory tree on your host. When changes are detected then new .mpy bytecode

files for changed files are compiled using mpy-cross in a hidden cache

directory on your host and then copied to the device. The specified program is

then restarted and redisplayed in your local terminal. Command line arguments

on the host can be passed to the program via sys.argv on the device. Only .mpy

bytecode files are copied to the device, never .py source files, and the

specified prog[.py] is imported to run as a .mpy file. So you run this utility

in one terminal window while you edit your source files in other windows and

your program will be automatically restarted and redisplayed each time you

save your changes. Since all bytecode compilation is done on your host, not on

the remote device, your development workflow is faster to build, load, and

run; and device memory usage is significantly reduced. Note that you can

specify default options for this command locally in your working directory in

mpr-xrun.conf, or globally in ~/.config/mpr-xrun.conf.



positional arguments:

  prog                  name of .py module to run, e.g. "main.py". If not

                        specified then new .mpy files are merely compiled and

                        copied to the device.

  args                  optional arguments to pass in sys.argv to started

                        program. Separate with -- if switch options are passed



options:

  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

  -f, --flush           flush cache and force update of all .mpy files at

                        start

  -D DEPTH, --depth DEPTH

                        directory depth limit, 1 = current directory only

  -o, --only            only monitor the specified program file, not the whole

                        directory/tree

  -C, --compile-only    just compile new .mpy files, don't copy to device or

                        run any program

  -e EXCLUDE, --exclude EXCLUDE

                        exclude specified directory or file from monitoring.

                        Can specify this option multiple times. If you exclude

                        a directory then all files/dirs below it are also

                        excluded. Default excludes are "main.py" and

                        "boot.py". Any specified runnable "prog" file is

                        removed from the excludes list.

  --map MAP             map specified source name to different target name

                        when run as main prog, e.g. "main:main1" to map

                        main.py -> main1.mpy on target and "main1" will be

                        run. Can specify this option multiple times, e.g. may

                        want to map main.py and boot.py permanently for when

                        you run either as prog.

  -1, --once            run once only

  -X PATH_TO_MPY_CROSS, --path-to-mpy-cross PATH_TO_MPY_CROSS

                        path to mpy-cross program. Assumes same directory as

                        this program, or then just "mpy-cross"



aliases: xr

```



### Command `exec`



```

usage: mpr exec [-h] [-f] string [string ...]



Execute the given strings on device.



positional arguments:

  string           string to execute



options:

  -h, --help       show this help message and exit

  -f, --no-follow  do not keep following output, return immediately



aliases: 

```



### Command `eval`



```

usage: mpr eval [-h] string [string ...]



Evaluate and print the given strings on device.



positional arguments:

  string      string to evaluate



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: 

```



### Command `mip`



```

usage: mpr mip [-h] [-n] [-t TARGET] [-i INDEX]

                       {install,list} [package ...]



Install packages from micropython-lib or third-party sources.



positional arguments:

  {install,list}        mip command

  package               package specifications, e.g. "name", "name@version",

                        "github.org/repo", "github.org/repo@branch"



options:

  -h, --help            show this help message and exit

  -n, --no-mpy          download .py files, not compiled .mpy files

  -t TARGET, --target TARGET

                        destination directory on device, default="/lib"

  -i INDEX, --index INDEX

                        package index to use, default="micropython-lib"



aliases: m

```



### Command `bootloader`



```

usage: mpr bootloader [-h]



Enter bootloader on device.



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: 

```



### Command `df`



```

usage: mpr df [-h]



Show flash usage on device.



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: 

```



### Command `rtc`



```

usage: mpr rtc [-h] [-s]



Get/set the Real Time Clock (RTC) time from/to device.



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

  -s, --set   set the RTC to the current PC time, default is to get the time



aliases: 

```



### Command `version`



```

usage: mpr version [-h]



Show mpremote version.



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: 

```



### Command `config`



```

usage: mpr config [-h]



Open the mpr configuration file with your editor.



options:

  -h, --help  show this help message and exit



aliases: cf

```



## Compatibility Notes



This section describes differences that users transitioning from

[mpremote][mpremote] to [mpr][mpr] should be aware of.



The usage/arguments of individual mpremote commands are not easily

discoverable. mpr overcomes this by providing in-built full

[usage](#usage) help for every individual command:



```

# See overall help:

$ mpr (or mpr -h)



# See help for a specific command:

$ mpr mkdir -h

```



Unlike mpremote, mpr implements each command as a standard Pythog

[Argparse

subparser](https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html#sub-commands)

which means the help output is automatically generated from the software

code so the user can be confident the help output is complete, and the

individual command descriptions are syntactically accurate.



Most mpremote commands are available, but some are implemented in a

different manner. Commands can not be chained, but that is usually only

required for the mpremote `connect` and `mount` commands. In mpr, these

two commands are available as global command line options, not as

explicit commands. So for example, to connect to a specific device and

mount your local directory before importing a module in mpremote you can

do the following:



```

$ mpremote connect id:0001 mount . exec 'import test'

```



The equivalent mpr command is:



```

$ mpr -d id:0001 -m . exec 'import test'

```



All device full path names and mpremote defined [shortcut

names](#device-shortcut-names) can be used for the `-d/--device`

option. For convenience, you can type `mpr -d list` to print out the

standard mpremote device names and shortcuts.



The `cp` command in mpremote is implemented with explicit `get` and

`put` commands in mpr so there is no need for the user to use a `:` char

to infer direction.



mpr provides shortcut aliases for the most commonly used longer

commands, e.g. `r` for `repl`, `p` for `put`, and `g` for `get`. See the

main help/usage for a list of all commands and their aliases. E.g,

the command `mpr put *.py /` can instead be tersely typed as: `mpr p *.py /`.



Note that the mpr `get`, `put`, and `copy` commands always expect the

specified target argument to be a directory, so if you want to rename a

file when you copy it then you must explicitly indicate the target to be

a file using the `-f/--file` option, e.g.



```

$ mpr get file.py newfile.py



# The above will fetch file.py to file.py/newfile.py which is not what

# you want. Add -f switch to specify that the target is a file:



$ mpr get -f file.py newfile.py

```



Commands `mkdir`, `rmdir`, and `rm` have a `-q/--quiet` option added to

suppress normal and error output. E.g. you could use this in a script to

ignore a `mkdir` error when the directory already exists.



The `fs` command is redundant in mpremote so is not implemented in mpr.



`soft-reset` is implemented in mpr as `reset`. Hardware reset is

implemented in mpr as `reboot`. Mpr also adds global options to reset

(`-x/--reset`) or reboot (`-b/--reboot`) after the specified command is

run.



The `cat` command is implemented differently. Instead type `mpr get

file.py -` to pipe a file to standard output.



The `disconnect`, `resume`, and `umount` commands are appropriate for

use with "chained" commands which are not relevant to mpr so are not

implemented.



You can not define shortcuts/macros with mpr, although all the standard

macros within mpremote are available in mpr. Of course you can create

standard shell based aliases and/or scripts invoking mpr if you want.



The `mip` command in mpremote currently only offers an `install`

sub-command but `mpr` also offers a `list` sub-command which fetches all

package descriptions from micropython.org and then prints their names,

versions, and descriptions.



There are some undocumented features in mpremote which have been added

to mpr as they are discovered.



1. The `reboot` command can accept an optional millisecs delay.

2. The `put` command (`cp` in mpremote) can copy a specified local

   directory recursively to root (`/`) on the device.



## Device Shortcut Names



`mpremote` provides shortcut names, e.g:



```

a0, a1, a2, a3 - connect to /dev/ttyACMn

u0, u1, u2, u3 - connect to /dev/ttyUSBn

c0, c1, c2, c3 - connect to COMn

```



However for mpremote this only works for those first 4 devices of each

type (as per this

[bug](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues/11422)) so

instead `mpr` converts these shortcuts itself so you can use up to any

number you want, e.g: `mpr -d u10 ls` is a shortcut for `mpr -d

/dev/ttyUSB10 ls`.



Use `mpr -d list` to remind yourself of device and shortcut names.



## Recursive Deletion



`mpremote` allows you to delete one or more specified files but does not

provide a mechanism to recursively delete a whole directory and it's

files. Since this is commonly desired, `mpr` adds a `--rf` option to

both the `rm` and `rmdir` commands. The specified directory and it files

are deleted recursively (although the top/root directory `/` is always

preserved). Some examples:



```

# Remove all files and directories on the device (but preserve '/'):

$ mpr rm --rf /



# Remove /lib/ directory completely (including it's files/dirs):

$ mpr rm --rf /lib



# Remove the top level files but preserve any directories:

$ mpr rm --rf --depth 1 /

```



## Remote Compilation and Development



`mpremote` (and thus `mpr`) provides the `run` command to run a single

python file on the connected device. However, this proves inadequate

when developing any significant application which is comprised of

multiple files, and sometimes in various package directories. So `mpr`

adds an `xrun` command (think extended `run`).



Running the `xrun` command in an application's directory runs that

program and displays program output in your local terminal. In parallel,

it waits watching for edits/changes to Python source files in that

directory tree on your host. When changes are detected then new `.mpy`

bytecode files for changed files are compiled using `mpy-cross` in a

hidden cache directory on your host and then copied to the device. The

specified program is then restarted and redisplayed in your local

terminal. Command line arguments on the host can be passed to the

program via `sys.argv` on the device. Only `.mpy` bytecode files are

copied to the device, never `.py` source files, and the specified

`prog[.py]` is imported to run as a `.mpy` file. So you run this utility

in one terminal window while you edit your source files in other windows

and your program will be automatically restarted and redisplayed each

time you save your changes. Since all bytecode compilation is done on

your host, not on the remote device, your development workflow is faster

to build, load, and run; and device memory usage is significantly

reduced.



Note that you can specify default options for the `xrun` command locally

in your working directory in `mpr-xrun.conf`, or globally in

`~/.config/mpr-xrun.conf`.



## Default Options



You can set default global starting options for your user in

`~/.config/mpr.conf`. E.g. use this to set a default

`--path-to-mpremote` setting so it does not have to be specified each

time. Blank lines and anything after a `#` on any line is ignored.



E.g. create `~/.config/mpr.conf` with contents:



```

--path-to-mpremote ~/.local/bin/mpremote

```



Now you need only specify the command, e.g. `mpr ls` and it will use

that specified `~/.local/bin/mpremote` program.



You can use the `mpr config` command to conveniently change this file

(merely as a shortcut to explicitly specifying your editor and the path

to the file). You can keep commented out configurations for a number of

different settings in your file (e.g. various `--device` and/or

`--mount` options) and switch between them by un-commenting the lines

you want to use.



Note that the `xrun` command can be independently set with it's own

default options as described in the previous section.



## Directory/Path Inference



For the following discussion, assume you have a project structured as

follows on your local machine and the same directory hierarchy is used

on your target device.



```

./

├── file1.py

├── file2.py

└── mymodule/

    ├── file3.py

    ├── file4.py

    └── templates/

        ├── file5.tpl

        └── file6.tpl

```



mpr automatically appends the target file name when appropriate, e.g.

if you are sitting in the root of the above tree, you only need to type

`mpr put file1.py /` instead of `mpr put file1.py /file1.py`. For this

reason, you can copy multiple files with `mpr put file1.py file2.py /`

or `mpr put *.py /`. Further to this, mpr can also infer the

appropriate target directory as described next.



If you are currently sitting in the directory `mymodule/templates/` on

your local machine and you want to copy `file5.tpl` to the

`/mymodule/templates/` on the target device then the command you would

naively use is:



```

$ mpr put file5.tpl /mymodule/templates

```



To avoid this verbose typing, mpr allows you to instead use the

following shortcut because mpr can "infer" the full target path based on

your current local directory:



```

$ mpr put file5.tpl ///

```



To then remove that same file from the target device:



```

$ mpr rm ///file5.tpl

```



I.e., mpr intercepts the two redundant lead slashes for the above two

cases and automatically inserts the parent and current directory names

in the path string (determined from the current directory on your local

machine). To be clear, if you are sitting one level above in the

`mymodule` directory then the command to copy to that same directory on

the target device is:



```

$ mpr put file3.py //

```



You can also use this shorthand for source files/dirs by inserting a

sequence of leading slashes as a "dummy" argument. Once set, that dummy

argument sets the default directory for the following arguments. E.g. if

you are sitting in the local `templates` directory then to delete all

the `*.tpl` files in the same directory on the target you can type:



```

$ mpr rm /// file5.tpl file6.tpl

```

or just:



```

$ mpr rm /// *.tpl

```



Note the 2nd "trick" above exploits the wildcard file list generated by

your shell to pass those local file names to the remote device. It

assumes those same names exist in the analogous directory there (and

arguably this trick should be avoided!).



## Path to mpremote



Many using this program possibly also have downloaded the MicroPython

source tree for building firmware images. E.g. the source installed at

`/opt/micropython/` also includes mpremote at

`/opt/micropython/tools/mpremote/mpremote.py`. So for this reason mpr

does not require mpremote to be explicitly installed as a formal

package.



Mpr first looks for a `mpremote` program in the same directory as it's

own executable `mpr` self, otherwise mpr assumes `mpremote` is somewhere

in your PATH (e.g. at `/usr/bin/mpremote`). Alternatively, you can

specify the option `--path-to-mpremote` to explicitly specify the path,

e.g. if you have the MicroPython source installed somewhere then you

don't need to formally install mpremote and can instead just set e.g.

`--path-to-mpremote /opt/micropython/tools/mpremote/mpremote.py` in your

`~/.config/mpr.conf` as a [default option](#default-options) as

described in a previous [section](#default-options).



## Shell Tab Completion



If you install the Python 3 [argcomplete](https://kislyuk.github.io/argcomplete/) package:



```

$ pipx inject mpr argcomplete

```



Then mpr will automatically use this to enable [shell tab

completion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_completion) on

mpr commands and options. You merely need to type the following to

source the necessary shell code into your current terminal session (or

add this line to your `~/.bashrc` to enable it permanently):



```

$ . <(mpr -c)

```



## Troubleshooting



Note that mpr is essentially just a thin wrapper around mpremote and

exists merely to provide a simpler, and hopefully more consistent and

familiar command line interface, particularly for Linux shell command

line users.



This means that most execution problems you may encounter will likely

due to mpremote, not mpr. So if you think your find a problem in mpr,

always run mpr with the `-v` option to see the command line being

executed with mpremote. If that command line looks ok, but mpremote is

not doing what you expect, then run mpremote manually with those same

mpremote options + arguments to prove to yourself that mpremote is

exhibiting that issue, not mpr.



If you run mpr with the `-v` option and see a wrong or unexpected

mpremote command being executed, then certainly raise an mpr [discussion

thread](https://github.com/bulletmark/mpr/discussions), or

[issue](https://github.com/bulletmark/mpr/issues) about that.



## License



Copyright (C) 2022 Mark Blakeney. This program is distributed under the

terms of the GNU General Public License.

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it

under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the

Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or any later

version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but

WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General

Public License at  for more details.