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https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs

Complete Ethereum & Celo library and wallet implementation in Rust. https://docs.rs/ethers
https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs

celo ethereum rust web3

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Complete Ethereum & Celo library and wallet implementation in Rust. https://docs.rs/ethers

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# 
 ethers-rs 



**A complete Ethereum and Celo Rust library**



![Github Actions](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/workflows/Tests/badge.svg)

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[![Crates.io][crates-badge]][crates-url]



[crates-badge]: https://img.shields.io/crates/v/ethers.svg

[crates-url]: https://crates.io/crates/ethers



> **Warning**

>

> This library is in the process of being deprecated. See [#2667](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/issues/2667) for more information.



## Quickstart



Add this to your Cargo.toml:



```toml

[dependencies]

ethers = "2.0"

```



And this to your code:



```rust

use ethers::prelude::*;

```



## Documentation



View the API reference [here](https://docs.rs/ethers) or the online book [here](https://gakonst.com/ethers-rs).



Examples are organized into individual crates under the `/examples` folder.

You can run any of the examples by executing:



```bash

# cargo run -p  --example 

cargo run -p examples-big-numbers --example math_operations

```



## EVM-compatible chains support



There are many chains live which are Ethereum JSON-RPC & EVM compatible, but do not yet have

support for [EIP-2718](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2718) Typed Transactions. This means

that transactions submitted to them by default in ethers-rs will have invalid serialization. To

address that, you must use the `legacy` feature flag:



```toml

[dependencies]

ethers = { version = "2.0", features = ["legacy"] }

```



### Polygon support



There is abigen support for Polygon and the Mumbai test network. It is recommended that you set the `POLYGONSCAN_API_KEY` environment variable.

You can get one [here](https://polygonscan.io/apis).



### Avalanche support



There is abigen support for Avalanche and the Fuji test network. It is recommended that you set the `SNOWTRACE_API_KEY` environment variable.

You can get one [here](https://snowtrace.io/apis).



### Optimism support



Optimism is supported via the `optimism` feature flag:



```toml

[dependencies]

ethers = { version = "2.0", features = ["optimism"] }

```



Optimism has a new transaction type: [Deposited Transactions](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/develop/specs/deposits.md#the-deposited-transaction-type)

with type ID `0x7E`, which requires 3 new fields:



-   `sourceHash`: The hash which uniquely identifies the origin of the deposit

-   `mint`: The ETH value to mint on L2.

-   `isSystemTx`: True if the tx does not interact with the L2 block gas pool



**Note:** the `optimism` and `celo` features are mutually exclusive.



### Celo Support



[Celo](https://celo.org) support is turned on via the feature-flag `celo`:



```toml

[dependencies]

ethers = { version = "2.0", features = ["celo"] }

```



Celo's transactions differ from Ethereum transactions by including 3 new fields:



-   `fee_currency`: The currency fees are paid in (None for CELO, otherwise it's an Address)

-   `gateway_fee_recipient`: The address of the fee recipient (None for no gateway fee paid)

-   `gateway_fee`: Gateway fee amount (None for no gateway fee paid)



The feature flag enables these additional fields in the transaction request builders and

in the transactions which are fetched over JSON-RPC.



**Note:** the `optimism` and `celo` features are mutually exclusive.



## Features



-   [x] Ethereum JSON-RPC Client

-   [x] Interacting and deploying smart contracts

-   [x] Type safe smart contract bindings code generation

-   [x] Querying past events

-   [x] Event monitoring as `Stream`s

-   [x] ENS as a first class citizen

-   [x] Celo support

-   [x] Polygon support

-   [x] Avalanche support

-   [x] Optimism support

-   [x] Websockets / `eth_subscribe`

-   [x] Hardware Wallet Support

-   [x] Parity APIs (`tracing`, `parity_blockWithReceipts`)

-   [x] Geth TxPool API

-   [ ] WASM Bindings (see note)

-   [ ] FFI Bindings (see note)

-   [ ] CLI for common operations



### Websockets



Websockets support is turned on via the feature-flag `ws`:



```toml

[dependencies]

ethers = { version = "2.0", features = ["ws"] }

```



### Interprocess Communication (IPC)



IPC support is turned on via the feature-flag `ipc`:



```toml

[dependencies]

ethers = { version = "2.0", features = ["ipc"] }

```



### HTTP Secure (HTTPS)



If you are looking to connect to a HTTPS endpoint, then you need to enable the `rustls` or `openssl` feature.

feature-flags.



To enable `rustls`:



```toml

[dependencies]

ethers = { version = "2.0", features = ["rustls"] }

```



To enable `openssl`:



```toml

[dependencies]

ethers = { version = "2.0", features = ["openssl"] }

```



## Note on WASM and FFI bindings



You should be able to build a wasm app that uses ethers-rs (see the [example](./examples/wasm) for reference).

If ethers fails to compile in WASM, please [open an issue][issue].

There is currently no plan to provide an official JS/TS-accessible library

interface, as we believe [viem](https://viem.sh) or [ethers.js](https://docs.ethers.io/v6/)

serve that need very well.



Similarly, you should be able to build FFI bindings to ethers-rs. If ethers

fails to compile in C library formats, please [open an issue][issue].

There is currently no plan to provide official FFI bindings.



[issue]: https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/issues/new/choose



## Getting Help



First, see if the answer to your question can be found in the [API documentation](https://docs.rs/ethers). If the answer

is not there, try opening an [issue](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/issues/new) with the question.



Join the [ethers-rs telegram](https://t.me/ethers_rs) to chat with the community!



## Contributing



Thanks for your help improving the project! We are so happy to have you! We have

[a contributing guide](./CONTRIBUTING.md) to help you get involved in the ethers-rs project.



If you open a Pull Request, do not forget to add your changes in the [CHANGELOG](./CHANGELOG.md), ensure your code is

properly formatted with `cargo +nightly fmt` and that Clippy is happy `cargo clippy`; you can even try to let clippy fix simple

issues itself: `cargo +nightly clippy --fix`



### Running the tests



Tests require the following installed:



1. [`solc`](https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/installing-solidity.html) (>=0.8.0). We also recommend using [svm](https://github.com/roynalnaruto/svm-rs) for more flexibility.

2. [`anvil`](https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/tree/master/crates/anvil#readme)

3. [`geth`](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)



Additionally, the `ETHERSCAN_API_KEY` environment variable has to be set to run [`ethers-etherscan`](./ethers-etherscan) tests.

You can get one [here](https://etherscan.io/apis).



## Projects using ethers-rs



-   [Yield Liquidator](https://github.com/yieldprotocol/yield-liquidator/): Liquidator for Yield Protocol

-   [MEV Inspect](https://github.com/flashbots/mev-inspect-rs/): Miner Extractable Value inspector

-   [Ethers CCIP-Read](https://github.com/ensdomains/ethers-ccip-read): Ethers middleware for ENS [CCIP-Read](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3668) support

-   [Ethers Flashbots](https://github.com/onbjerg/ethers-flashbots): Ethers middleware for [Flashbots](https://docs.flashbots.net)

-   [Ethers Fireblocks](https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-fireblocks): Ethers middleware and signer for [Fireblocks](https://fireblocks.io)' API

-   [Celo Threshold BLS DKG](https://github.com/celo-org/celo-threshold-bls-rs/): CLI for using Celo as a data availability network for the Joint-Feldman BLS DKG

-   [Celo Plumo Prover](https://github.com/celo-org/plumo-prover): Creates Celo's ultralight client proof from on-chain data

-   [Celo SNARK Setup Coordinator](https://github.com/celo-org/snark-setup-operator): Coordinator for executing a pipelined Groth16 SNARK setup

-   [ERC-4337 Bundler](https://github.com/Vid201/aa-bundler/): Account Abstraction (ERC-4337) bundler

-   [zkSync Withdrawal Finalizer](https://github.com/matter-labs/zksync-withdrawal-finalizer): Finalizer of withdrawals from zkSync Era to L1.



## Credits



This library would not have been possible without the great work done in:



-   [`ethers.js`](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/)

-   [`rust-web3`](https://github.com/tomusdrw/rust-web3/)

-   [`ethcontract-rs`](https://github.com/gnosis/ethcontract-rs/)

-   [`guac_rs`](https://github.com/althea-net/guac_rs/)



A lot of the code was inspired and adapted from them, to a unified and opinionated interface,

built with async/await and std futures from the ground up.