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https://github.com/Mikerah/awesome-privacy-on-blockchains

A curated list of privacy on blockchains resources
https://github.com/Mikerah/awesome-privacy-on-blockchains

List: awesome-privacy-on-blockchains

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A curated list of privacy on blockchains resources

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README 

        
# Awesome Privacy on Blockchains

[![Awesome](https://awesome.re/badge.svg)](https://awesome.re)



This is a combination of papers and articles that cover various aspects of blockchain privacy.



## High-level articles

- [Privacy in Cryptocurrencies: An Overview](https://medium.com/@yi.sun/privacy-in-cryptocurrencies-d4b268157f6c)

- [Privacy in Cryptocurrencies: Mixing-based Approaches](https://medium.com/@yi.sun/privacy-in-cryptocurrencies-mixing-based-approaches-ce08d0040c88)

- [Zeth & Nightfall: the differences in approach](https://medium.com/clearmatics/zeth-nightfall-the-differences-in-approach-62ce33472683)

- [Blockchain Research Newsletter: Zether and ZEXE](https://blockchainresearch.substack.com/p/blockchain-research-newsletter-2)

- [In-depth overview of Privacy in Bitcoin](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Privacy)

- [Privacy and Cryptocurrency, Part 1: How Private is Bitcoin?](https://medium.com/human-rights-foundation-hrf/privacy-and-cryptocurrency-part-i-how-private-is-bitcoin-e3a4071f8fff)

- [Privacy and Cryptocurrency, Part 2: Bitcoin Wallets](https://medium.com/human-rights-foundation-hrf/privacy-and-cryptocurrency-part-ii-bitcoin-wallets-2f68099b055f)

- [Privacy and Cryptocurrency, Part 3: Should You Use a Privacy Coin](https://medium.com/human-rights-foundation-hrf/privacy-and-cryptocurrency-part-iii-should-you-use-a-privacy-coin-22dc71732a2f)

- [Zama Private Smart Contracts using Homomorphic Encryption](https://www.zama.ai/post/private-smart-contract-using-homomorphic-encryption-ethcc-2022)



## Talks and Lectures

- [Alessandro Chiesa on Zerocash at CESC2017](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84Vbj7-i9CI&source=post_page---------------------------)

- [Bitcoin and Anonymity](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glyQy_e5LmM)

- [Satoshi has no clothes: failures in on-chain privacy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9s3EbSKDA3o)

- [The state of Privacy in Cryptocurrencies](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJGLhaUV8QM)



## Layer 1

- [Increasing Anonymity in Bitcoin](https://download.wpsoftware.net/bitcoin/wizardry/horasyuanmouton-owas.pdf)

- [Extending the Anonymity of Zcash](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.07337.pdf)

- [zkay: Specifying and Enforcing Data Privacy in Smart Contracts](https://files.sri.inf.ethz.ch/website/papers/ccs19-zkay.pdf)

- [ZeeStar: Private Smart Contracts by Homomorphic Encryption and Zero-Knowledge Proofs](https://files.sri.inf.ethz.ch/website/papers/sp22-zeestar.pdf)



## Layer 2 

### Mixers

- [Zeth](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.00905.pdf)

- [Mobius](https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/881.pdf)

- [MixEth](https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/341.pdf)

- [ShareLock](https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/563)

- [CoinJoin](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/CoinJoin)

- [JoinMarket](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/JoinMarket)

- [MixCoin: Anonymity for Bitcoin with Accountable Mixes](https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/077.pdf)

- [CoinParty](https://www.martinhenze.de/wp-content/papercite-data/pdf/zmh+16.pdf)

- [TumbleBit](https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/575)

- [Many out of many proofs with applications to anonymous Zether](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/293.pdf)



### Confidential Transactions

- [Confidential Transactions](https://people.xiph.org/~greg/confidential_values.txt)

- [Zether](https://crypto.stanford.edu/~buenz/papers/zether.pdf)

- [Aztec Protocol](https://github.com/AztecProtocol/AZTEC/blob/master/AZTEC.pdf)

- [Nightfall](https://github.com/EYBlockchain/nightfall/blob/master/doc/whitepaper/nightfall-v1.pdf?source=post_page---------------------------)



### Payment/State Channels

- [BOLT](https://acmccs.github.io/papers/p473-greenA.pdf)

- [Blindly Signed Contracts: Anonymous on-Blockchain and Off-blockchain Bitcoin Transactions](https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/056)

- [Anonymous Multi-Hop Locks for Blockchain Scalability and Interoperability](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/472.pdf)



### Plasma

- [ZEXE on Plasma MoreVP](https://devpost.com/software/zexe-on-ethereum)



### MPC Platforms for Privacy-Preserving smart contracts

- [Enigma](https://enigma.co/enigma_full.pdf)



## Alternate Blockchain designs

### Blockchains with private smart contracts

- [Zexe](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/962.pdf)

- [One-time, zero sum ring signature](https://github.com/cfromknecht/OZcoin/blob/master/whitepaper/zerosum.pdf)

- [Hawk](https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/675.pdf)

- [Arbitrum](https://offchainlabs.com/Arbitrum-USENIX.pdf)

- [ZkVM](https://github.com/stellar/slingshot/blob/main/zkvm/README.md)

- [Ekiden](https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.05141)



### Using Zk-Snarks

- [Zerocash](http://zerocash-project.org/media/pdf/zerocash-extended-20140518.pdf)

- [Zerocoin](http://zerocoin.org/media/pdf/ZerocoinOakland.pdf)

- [Accountable Privacy for Decentralized Anonymous Payments](https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/061.pdf)



### Using other cryptographic primitives

- [QuisQuis](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/990.pdf)

- [MimbleWimble](https://download.wpsoftware.net/bitcoin/wizardry/mimblewimble.pdf)

- [Cryptonote](https://download.wpsoftware.net/bitcoin/wizardry/cryptonote-whitepaper.pdf)

- [Lelantus](https://lelantus.io/lelantus.pdf)

- [One-out-of-Many Proofs](http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1502142/1/Groth_764.pdf)

- [ZkLedger](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/241.pdf)

- [Cryptonote+](https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/021.pdf)

- [RingCT](https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.pdf)



## Privacy-Preserving PoS Protocols

- [Ouroborous Crypsinous](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/1132.pdf)

- [Proof of stake protocols for privacy aware blockchains](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/1105.pdf)



## Privacy Preserving Light Client Designs

- [ZLiTE](https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/1024.pdf)

- [Neutrino](https://github.com/lightninglabs/neutrino)

- [BiTE](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec19fall_matetic_prepub.pdf)



## Economics of Privacy Blockchains

- [Rational Zero: Economic Secuirty of Zerocoin for Everlasting Security](https://www.ifca.ai/fc14/bitcoin/papers/bitcoin14_submission_12.pdf)

- [The price of anonymity: empirical evidence from a market for Bitcoin anonymization](https://academic.oup.com/cybersecurity/article/3/2/127/4057584)

- [Incentivizing Privacy in Cryptocurrencies](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.02695.pdf)



## Enhancements

- [Bulletproofs](https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/1066.pdf)



## Instantiations

### Proof of Concepts

- [MixEth Repo](https://github.com/seresistvanandras/MixEth)

- [Miximus](https://github.com/barryWhiteHat/miximus)

- [RingToken](https://github.com/sontol/RingToken)

- [Laundromat](https://github.com/blackyblack/laundromat)

- [Tornado Mixer](https://tornado.cash/)



### Wallets

- [Wasabi Wallet](https://wasabiwallet.io/)

- [Samourai Wallet](https://samouraiwallet.com/)

- [CashShuffle](https://cashshuffle.com/)



## Network layer privacy for blockchains

- [Dandelion](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.04439.pdf)

- [Dandelion++](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.11060.pdf)

- [A Flexible Network Approach to Privacy of Blockchain Transactions](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.11338.pdf)



## Analyses on Anonymity and Privacy in blockchains

- [Anonymity Properties of the Bitcoin P2P Network](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.08761.pdf)

- [A Survey on Security and Privacy Issues of Bitcoin](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.00916.pdf)

- [An empirical analysis of traceability of the monero blockchain](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.04299.pdf)

- [Obfuscation in Bitcoin: Tecniques and Politics](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.05432.pdf)

- [Anonymous Alone? Measuring Bitcoin's Second-Generation Anonymization Techniques](https://informationsecurity.uibk.ac.at/pdfs/MB2017_AnonymousAlone.pdf)

- [An Empirical Analysis of Anonymity in Zcash](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/usenixsecurity18/sec18-kappos.pdf)

- [A fistful of Bitcoins](https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~smeiklejohn/files/imc13.pdf)

- [Privacy-enhancing overlays in Bitcoin](https://fc15.ifca.ai/preproceedings/bitcoin/paper_5.pdf)

- [Map-Z: Exposing the Zcash Network in Times of Transition](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.09755.pdf)



## De-anonymization Techniques

- [Tracing Transactions Across Cryptocurrency Ledgers](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.12786.pdf)

- [FloodXMR: Low-cost transaction flooding attack with Monero's bulletproof protocol](https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/455.pdf)



## Privacy coins

### [Monero](https://www.getmonero.org/)

- [Zero to Monero](https://ww.getmonero.org/library/Zero-to-Monero-1-0-0.pdf)

- [Mastering Monero](https://github.com/monerobook/monerobook)



### [Zcash](https://z.cash/)

- [Zcash Protocol Specification](https://github.com/zcash/zips/blob/master/protocol/protocol.pdf)

### [Dash](https://www.dash.org/)

### Grin/Beam

- [Grin](https://grin-tech.org/)

- [Beam](https://www.beam.mw/)



## People to Follow

- [Aaron Kumavis](https://twitter.com/kumavis_) 

- [Anna Kaplan](https://twitter.com/kaplannie)

- [BarryWhiteHat](https://twitter.com/barrywhitehat)

- [Charles Guillemet](https://twitter.com/P3b7_)

- [Chelsea H. Komlo](https://twitter.com/chelseakomlo)

- [Daniel J Bernstein](https://twitter.com/hashbreaker)

- [David Wong](https://twitter.com/cryptodavidw)

- [Deidre Connolly](https://twitter.com/durumcrustulum)

- [Harry Halpin](https://twitter.com/harryhalpin)

- [Ian Miers](https://twitter.com/secparam)

- [Izaak Meckler](https://twitter.com/izmeckler)

- [John Adler](https://twitter.com/jadler0)

- [Justin Ehrenhofer](https://twitter.com/JEhrenhofer)

- [Kobi Gurkan](https://twitter.com/kobigurk)

- [Madars Virza](https://twitter.com/MadarsV)

- [Matthew Green](https://twitter.com/matthew_d_green)

- [Mikerah](https://twitter.com/badcryptobitch)

- [Morten Dahl](https://twitter.com/mortendahlcs)

- [Pascal Paillier](https://twitter.com/pascal_paillier)

- [Phil Daian](https://twitter.com/phildaian)

- [Rand Hindi](https://twitter.com/randhindi)

- [Sean Bowe](https://twitter.com/ebfull)

- [Tux](https://twitter.com/__Tux)

- [Wei Jie](https://twitter.com/catallacticised)

- [Zooko](https://twitter.com/zooko)



## Related Lists

- [Zero-Knowledge Started Pack](https://ethresear.ch/t/zero-knowledge-proofs-starter-pack/4519/2)

- [Zero Knowledge papers](zkp.science)

- [Awesome Zero-Knowledge Proofs](https://github.com/matter-labs/awesome-zero-knowledge-proofs)

- [Awesome ZK](https://github.com/ventali/awesome-zk)