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https://github.com/golang-migrate/migrate

Database migrations. CLI and Golang library.
https://github.com/golang-migrate/migrate

aws-s3 cassandra database databases go golang google-cloud-spanner google-cloud-storage hacktoberfest mariadb migration migrations mongodb mysql neo4j postgres spanner sql sqlite

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Database migrations. CLI and Golang library.

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# migrate



__Database migrations written in Go. Use as [CLI](#cli-usage) or import as [library](#use-in-your-go-project).__



* Migrate reads migrations from [sources](#migration-sources)

   and applies them in correct order to a [database](#databases).

* Drivers are "dumb", migrate glues everything together and makes sure the logic is bulletproof.

   (Keeps the drivers lightweight, too.)

* Database drivers don't assume things or try to correct user input. When in doubt, fail.



Forked from [mattes/migrate](https://github.com/mattes/migrate)



## Databases



Database drivers run migrations. [Add a new database?](database/driver.go)



* [PostgreSQL](database/postgres)

* [PGX v4](database/pgx)

* [PGX v5](database/pgx/v5)

* [Redshift](database/redshift)

* [Ql](database/ql)

* [Cassandra / ScyllaDB](database/cassandra)

* [SQLite](database/sqlite)

* [SQLite3](database/sqlite3) ([todo #165](https://github.com/mattes/migrate/issues/165))

* [SQLCipher](database/sqlcipher)

* [MySQL / MariaDB](database/mysql)

* [Neo4j](database/neo4j)

* [MongoDB](database/mongodb)

* [CrateDB](database/crate) ([todo #170](https://github.com/mattes/migrate/issues/170))

* [Shell](database/shell) ([todo #171](https://github.com/mattes/migrate/issues/171))

* [Google Cloud Spanner](database/spanner)

* [CockroachDB](database/cockroachdb)

* [YugabyteDB](database/yugabytedb)

* [ClickHouse](database/clickhouse)

* [Firebird](database/firebird)

* [MS SQL Server](database/sqlserver)

* [rqlite](database/rqlite)



### Database URLs



Database connection strings are specified via URLs. The URL format is driver dependent but generally has the form: `dbdriver://username:password@host:port/dbname?param1=true&param2=false`



Any [reserved URL characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding#Percent-encoding_reserved_characters) need to be escaped. Note, the `%` character also [needs to be escaped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding#Percent-encoding_the_percent_character)



Explicitly, the following characters need to be escaped:

`!`, `#`, `$`, `%`, `&`, `'`, `(`, `)`, `*`, `+`, `,`, `/`, `:`, `;`, `=`, `?`, `@`, `[`, `]`



It's easiest to always run the URL parts of your DB connection URL (e.g. username, password, etc) through an URL encoder. See the example Python snippets below:



```bash

$ python3 -c 'import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.quote(input("String to encode: "), ""))'

String to encode: FAKEpassword!#$%&'()*+,/:;=?@[]

FAKEpassword%21%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%2F%3A%3B%3D%3F%40%5B%5D

$ python2 -c 'import urllib; print urllib.quote(raw_input("String to encode: "), "")'

String to encode: FAKEpassword!#$%&'()*+,/:;=?@[]

FAKEpassword%21%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%2F%3A%3B%3D%3F%40%5B%5D

$

```



## Migration Sources



Source drivers read migrations from local or remote sources. [Add a new source?](source/driver.go)



* [Filesystem](source/file) - read from filesystem

* [io/fs](source/iofs) - read from a Go [io/fs](https://pkg.go.dev/io/fs#FS)

* [Go-Bindata](source/go_bindata) - read from embedded binary data ([jteeuwen/go-bindata](https://github.com/jteeuwen/go-bindata))

* [pkger](source/pkger) - read from embedded binary data ([markbates/pkger](https://github.com/markbates/pkger))

* [GitHub](source/github) - read from remote GitHub repositories

* [GitHub Enterprise](source/github_ee) - read from remote GitHub Enterprise repositories

* [Bitbucket](source/bitbucket) - read from remote Bitbucket repositories

* [Gitlab](source/gitlab) - read from remote Gitlab repositories

* [AWS S3](source/aws_s3) - read from Amazon Web Services S3

* [Google Cloud Storage](source/google_cloud_storage) - read from Google Cloud Platform Storage



## CLI usage



* Simple wrapper around this library.

* Handles ctrl+c (SIGINT) gracefully.

* No config search paths, no config files, no magic ENV var injections.



__[CLI Documentation](cmd/migrate)__



### Basic usage



```bash

$ migrate -source file://path/to/migrations -database postgres://localhost:5432/database up 2

```



### Docker usage



```bash

$ docker run -v {{ migration dir }}:/migrations --network host migrate/migrate

    -path=/migrations/ -database postgres://localhost:5432/database up 2

```



## Use in your Go project



* API is stable and frozen for this release (v3 & v4).

* Uses [Go modules](https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Modules__module_versions__and_more) to manage dependencies.

* To help prevent database corruptions, it supports graceful stops via `GracefulStop chan bool`.

* Bring your own logger.

* Uses `io.Reader` streams internally for low memory overhead.

* Thread-safe and no goroutine leaks.



__[Go Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4)__



```go

import (

    "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"

    _ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"

    _ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/github"

)



func main() {

    m, err := migrate.New(

        "github://mattes:personal-access-token@mattes/migrate_test",

        "postgres://localhost:5432/database?sslmode=enable")

    m.Steps(2)

}

```



Want to use an existing database client?



```go

import (

    "database/sql"

    _ "github.com/lib/pq"

    "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"

    "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"

    _ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/file"

)



func main() {

    db, err := sql.Open("postgres", "postgres://localhost:5432/database?sslmode=enable")

    driver, err := postgres.WithInstance(db, &postgres.Config{})

    m, err := migrate.NewWithDatabaseInstance(

        "file:///migrations",

        "postgres", driver)

    m.Up() // or m.Step(2) if you want to explicitly set the number of migrations to run

}

```



## Getting started



Go to [getting started](GETTING_STARTED.md)



## Tutorials



* [CockroachDB](database/cockroachdb/TUTORIAL.md)

* [PostgreSQL](database/postgres/TUTORIAL.md)



(more tutorials to come)



## Migration files



Each migration has an up and down migration. [Why?](FAQ.md#why-two-separate-files-up-and-down-for-a-migration)



```bash

1481574547_create_users_table.up.sql

1481574547_create_users_table.down.sql

```



[Best practices: How to write migrations.](MIGRATIONS.md)



## Coming from another db migration tool?



Check out [migradaptor](https://github.com/musinit/migradaptor/).

*Note: migradaptor is not affliated or supported by this project*



## Versions



Version | Supported? | Import | Notes

--------|------------|--------|------

**master** | :white_check_mark: | `import "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"` | New features and bug fixes arrive here first |

**v4** | :white_check_mark: | `import "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"` | Used for stable releases |

**v3** | :x: | `import "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate"` (with package manager) or `import "gopkg.in/golang-migrate/migrate.v3"` (not recommended) | **DO NOT USE** - No longer supported |



## Development and Contributing



Yes, please! [`Makefile`](Makefile) is your friend,

read the [development guide](CONTRIBUTING.md).



Also have a look at the [FAQ](FAQ.md).



---



Looking for alternatives? [https://awesome-go.com/#database](https://awesome-go.com/#database).