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README 

        
# Google Cloud Bigtable Client for Java



Java idiomatic client for [Cloud Bigtable][product-docs].



[![Maven][maven-version-image]][maven-version-link]

![Stability][stability-image]



- [Product Documentation][product-docs]

- [Client Library Documentation][javadocs]



## Quickstart



If you are using Maven with [BOM][libraries-bom], add this to your pom.xml file:



```xml



  

    

      com.google.cloud

      libraries-bom

      26.25.0

      pom

      import

    

  



  

    com.google.cloud

    google-cloud-bigtable

  



```



If you are using Maven without the BOM, add this to your dependencies:



```xml



  com.google.cloud

  google-cloud-bigtable

  2.32.0



```



If you are using Gradle 5.x or later, add this to your dependencies:



```Groovy

implementation platform('com.google.cloud:libraries-bom:26.30.0')



implementation 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-bigtable'

```

If you are using Gradle without BOM, add this to your dependencies:



```Groovy

implementation 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-bigtable:2.32.0'

```



If you are using SBT, add this to your dependencies:



```Scala

libraryDependencies += "com.google.cloud" % "google-cloud-bigtable" % "2.32.0"

```



## Authentication



See the [Authentication][authentication] section in the base directory's README.



## Authorization



The client application making API calls must be granted [authorization scopes][auth-scopes] required for the desired Cloud Bigtable APIs, and the authenticated principal must have the [IAM role(s)][predefined-iam-roles] required to access GCP resources using the Cloud Bigtable API calls.



## Getting Started



### Prerequisites



You will need a [Google Cloud Platform Console][developer-console] project with the Cloud Bigtable [API enabled][enable-api].



[Follow these instructions][create-project] to get your project set up. You will also need to set up the local development environment by

[installing the Google Cloud Command Line Interface][cloud-cli] and running the following commands in command line:

`gcloud auth login` and `gcloud config set project [YOUR PROJECT ID]`.



### Installation and setup



You'll need to obtain the `google-cloud-bigtable` library.  See the [Quickstart](#quickstart) section

to add `google-cloud-bigtable` as a dependency in your code.



## About Cloud Bigtable



[Cloud Bigtable][product-docs] 



See the [Cloud Bigtable client library docs][javadocs] to learn how to

use this Cloud Bigtable Client Library.



## About Cloud Bigtable



[Cloud Bigtable][product-docs] is Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's

the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and

Gmail.



Be sure to activate the Cloud Bigtable API and the Cloud Bigtable Admin API under APIs & Services in the GCP Console to use Cloud Bigtable from your project.



See the Bigtable client library documentation ([Admin API](https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/bigtable/admin/v2/package-summary.html) and [Data API](https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/bigtable/data/v2/package-summary.html)) to learn how to

interact with Cloud Bigtable using this Client Library.



## Concepts



Cloud Bigtable is composed of instances, clusters, nodes and tables.



### Instances

Instances are containers for clusters.



### Clusters

Clusters represent the actual Cloud Bigtable service. Each cluster belongs to a single Cloud Bigtable instance, and an instance can have up to 4 clusters. When your application

sends requests to a Cloud Bigtable instance, those requests are actually handled by one of the clusters in the instance.



### Nodes

Each cluster in a production instance has 3 or more nodes, which are compute resources that Cloud Bigtable uses to manage your data.



### Tables

Tables contain the actual data and are replicated across all of the clusters in an instance.



## Clients

The Cloud Bigtable API consists of:



### Data API

Allows callers to persist and query data in a table. It's exposed by [BigtableDataClient](https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/bigtable/data/v2/BigtableDataClient.html).



### Admin API

Allows callers to create and manage instances, clusters, tables, and access permissions. This API is exposed by: [BigtableInstanceAdminClient](https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/bigtable/admin/v2/BigtableInstanceAdminClient.html) for Instance and Cluster level resources.



See [BigtableTableAdminClient](https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/bigtable/admin/v2/BigtableTableAdminClient.html) for table management.



See [BigtableDataClient](https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/bigtable/data/v2/BigtableDataClient.html) for the data client.



See [BigtableInstanceAdminClient](https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/bigtable/admin/v2/BigtableInstanceAdminClient.html) for the instance admin client.



See [BigtableTableAdminClient](https://googleapis.dev/java/google-cloud-clients/latest/com/google/cloud/bigtable/admin/v2/BigtableTableAdminClient.html) for the table admin client.



#### Calling Cloud Bigtable



The Cloud Bigtable API is split into 3 parts: Data API, Instance Admin API and Table Admin API.



Here is a code snippet showing simple usage of the Data API. Add the following imports

at the top of your file:



```java

import com.google.cloud.bigtable.data.v2.BigtableDataClient;

import com.google.cloud.bigtable.data.v2.models.Query;

import com.google.cloud.bigtable.data.v2.models.Row;



```



Then, to make a query to Bigtable, use the following code:

```java

// Instantiates a client

String projectId = "my-project";

String instanceId = "my-instance";

String tableId = "my-table";



// Create the client.

// Please note that creating the client is a very expensive operation

// and should only be done once and shared in an application.

BigtableDataClient dataClient = BigtableDataClient.create(projectId, instanceId);



try {

  // Query a table

  Query query = Query.create(tableId)

      .range("a", "z")

      .limit(26);



  for (Row row : dataClient.readRows(query)) {

    System.out.println(row.getKey());

  }

} finally {

  dataClient.close();

}

```



The Admin APIs are similar. Here is a code snippet showing how to create a table. Add the following

imports at the top of your file:



```java

import static com.google.cloud.bigtable.admin.v2.models.GCRules.GCRULES;

import com.google.cloud.bigtable.admin.v2.BigtableTableAdminClient;

import com.google.cloud.bigtable.admin.v2.models.CreateTableRequest;

import com.google.cloud.bigtable.admin.v2.models.Table;

```



Then, to create a table, use the following code:

```java

String projectId = "my-instance";

String instanceId = "my-database";



BigtableTableAdminClient tableAdminClient = BigtableTableAdminClient

  .create(projectId, instanceId);



try {

  tableAdminClient.createTable(

      CreateTableRequest.of("my-table")

        .addFamily("my-family")

  );

} finally {

  tableAdminClient.close();

}

```



TIP: If you are experiencing version conflicts with gRPC, see [Version Conflicts](#version-conflicts).



## Enabling client side metrics



Cloud Bigtable client supports publishing client side metrics to

[Cloud Monitoring](https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/docs/monitoring-overview) under the

`bigtable.googleapis.com/client` namespace.



This feature is available once you upgrade to version 2.16.0 and above.

Follow the guide on https://cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs/client-side-metrics-setup to enable.



## Client request tracing: OpenCensus Tracing



Cloud Bigtable client supports [OpenCensus Tracing](https://opencensus.io/tracing/),

which gives insight into the client internals and aids in debugging production issues.

By default, the functionality is disabled. For example to enable tracing using

[Google Stackdriver](https://cloud.google.com/trace/docs/):



[//]: # (TODO: figure out how to keep opencensus version in sync with pom.xml)



If you are using Maven, add this to your pom.xml file

```xml



  io.opencensus

  opencensus-impl

  0.24.0

  runtime



  io.opencensus

  opencensus-exporter-trace-stackdriver

  0.24.0

  

    

      io.grpc

      *

    

    

      com.google.auth

      *

    

  



```

If you are using Gradle, add this to your dependencies

```Groovy

compile 'io.opencensus:opencensus-impl:0.24.0'

compile 'io.opencensus:opencensus-exporter-trace-stackdriver:0.24.0'

```

If you are using SBT, add this to your dependencies

```Scala

libraryDependencies += "io.opencensus" % "opencensus-impl" % "0.24.0"

libraryDependencies += "io.opencensus" % "opencensus-exporter-trace-stackdriver" % "0.24.0"

```



At the start of your application configure the exporter:



```java

import io.opencensus.exporter.trace.stackdriver.StackdriverTraceConfiguration;

import io.opencensus.exporter.trace.stackdriver.StackdriverTraceExporter;



StackdriverTraceExporter.createAndRegister(

  StackdriverTraceConfiguration.builder()

      .setProjectId("YOUR_PROJECT_ID")

      .build());

```



You can view the traces on the Google Cloud Platform Console

[Trace](https://console.cloud.google.com/traces) page.



By default traces are [sampled](https://opencensus.io/tracing/sampling) at a rate of about 1/10,000.

You can configure a higher rate by updating the active tracing params:



```java

import io.opencensus.trace.Tracing;

import io.opencensus.trace.samplers.Samplers;



Tracing.getTraceConfig().updateActiveTraceParams(

    Tracing.getTraceConfig().getActiveTraceParams().toBuilder()

        .setSampler(Samplers.probabilitySampler(0.01))

        .build()

);

```



## Enabling Cloud Bigtable Metrics: OpenCensus Stats



---

Note: We recommend [enabling client side built-in metrics](#enabling-client-side-metrics)

if you want to view your metrics on cloud monitoring. This integration is only for exporting the

metrics to a third party dashboard.

---



Cloud Bigtable client supports [Opencensus Metrics](https://opencensus.io/stats/),

which gives insight into the client internals and aids in debugging production issues.

All Cloud Bigtable Metrics are prefixed with `cloud.google.com/java/bigtable/`. The

metrics will be tagged with:

 * `bigtable_project_id`: the project that contains the target Bigtable instance.

   Please note that this id could be different from project that the client is running

   in and different from the project where the metrics are exported to.

* `bigtable_instance_id`: the instance id of the target Bigtable instance

* `bigtable_app_profile_id`: the app profile id that is being used to access the target

  Bigtable instance



### Available operation level metric views:



* `cloud.google.com/java/bigtable/op_latency`: A distribution of latency of

  each client method call, across all of it's RPC attempts. Tagged by

  operation name and final response status.



* `cloud.google.com/java/bigtable/completed_ops`: The total count of

  method invocations. Tagged by operation name and final response status.



* `cloud.google.com/java/bigtable/read_rows_first_row_latency`: A

  distribution of the latency of receiving the first row in a ReadRows

  operation.



* `cloud.google.com/java/bigtable/attempt_latency`: A distribution of latency of

  each client RPC, tagged by operation name and the attempt status. Under normal

  circumstances, this will be identical to op_latency. However, when the client

  receives transient errors, op_latency will be the sum of all attempt_latencies

  and the exponential delays.



* `cloud.google.com/java/bigtable/attempts_per_op`: A distribution of attempts that

  each operation required, tagged by operation name and final operation status.

  Under normal circumstances, this will be 1.



#### GFE metric views:

* `cloud.google.com/java/bigtable/gfe_latency`: A distribution of the latency

between Google's network receives an RPC and reads back the first byte of

the response.



* `cloud.google.com/java/bigtable/gfe_header_missing_count`: A counter of the

number of RPC responses received without the server-timing header, which

indicates that the request probably never reached Google's network.



By default, the functionality is disabled. For example to enable metrics using

[Google Stackdriver](https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/docs/):



[//]: # (TODO: figure out how to keep opencensus version in sync with pom.xml)



If you are using Maven, add this to your pom.xml file

```xml



  io.opencensus

  opencensus-impl

  0.24.0

  runtime



  io.opencensus

  opencensus-exporter-stats-stackdriver

  0.24.0

  

    

      io.grpc

      *

    

    

      com.google.auth

      *

    

  



```

If you are using Gradle, add this to your dependencies

```Groovy

compile 'io.opencensus:opencensus-impl:0.24.0'

compile 'io.opencensus:opencensus-exporter-stats-stackdriver:0.24.0'

```

If you are using SBT, add this to your dependencies

```Scala

libraryDependencies += "io.opencensus" % "opencensus-impl" % "0.24.0"

libraryDependencies += "io.opencensus" % "opencensus-exporter-stats-stackdriver" % "0.24.0"

```



At the start of your application configure the exporter and enable the Bigtable stats views:



```java

import io.opencensus.exporter.stats.stackdriver.StackdriverStatsConfiguration;

import io.opencensus.exporter.stats.stackdriver.StackdriverStatsExporter;



StackdriverStatsExporter.createAndRegister(

    StackdriverStatsConfiguration.builder()

        .setProjectId("YOUR_PROJECT_ID")

        .build()

);



BigtableDataSettings.enableOpenCensusStats();

// Enable GFE metric views

BigtableDataSettings.enableGfeOpenCensusStats();

```



You can view the metrics on the Google Cloud Platform Console

[Metrics explorer](https://console.cloud.google.com/monitoring/metrics-explorer)

page.



You can configure how frequently metrics are pushed to StackDriver and the

[Monitored resource type](https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/api/resources) by

updating `StackdriverStatsConfiguration`:



``` java

// Example: configuring export interval and monitored resource type

StackdriverStatsExporter.createAndRegister(

    StackdriverStatsConfiguration.builder()

        .setProjectId("YOUR_PROJECT_ID")

        // Exporting metrics every 10 seconds

        .setExportInterval(Duration.create(10, 0))

        // Configure monitored resource type. A common practice is to use the

        // monitored resource objects that represent the physical resources

        // where your application code is running. See the full list of

        // monitored resource type here:

        // https://cloud.google.com/monitoring/api/resources

        .setMonitoredResource(MonitoredResource.newBuilder()

            .setType("global")

            .putLabels("project_id", "YOUR_PROJECT_ID")

          .build())

        .build()

);

```



## Version Conflicts



google-cloud-bigtable depends on gRPC directly which may conflict with the versions brought

in by other libraries, for example Apache Beam. This happens because internal dependencies

between gRPC libraries are pinned to an exact version of grpc-core

(see [here](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/commit/90db93b990305aa5a8428cf391b55498c7993b6e)).

If both google-cloud-bigtable and the other library bring in two gRPC libraries that depend

on the different versions of grpc-core, then dependency resolution will fail.

The easiest way to fix this is to depend on the gRPC bom, which will force all the gRPC

transitive libraries to use the same version.



Add the following to your project's pom.xml.



```

    

      

        

          io.grpc

          grpc-bom

          1.28.0

          pom

          import

        

      

    

```



## Container Deployment



While deploying this client in [Google Kubernetes Engine(GKE)](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine) with [CoS](https://cloud.google.com/container-optimized-os/docs/). Please make sure to provide CPU configuration in your deployment file. With default configuration JVM detects only 1 CPU, which affects the number of channels with the client, resulting in performance repercussion.



Also, The number of `grpc-nio-worker-ELG-1-#` thread is same as number of CPUs. These are managed by a single `grpc-default-executor-#` thread, which is shared among multiple client instances.



For example:

```yaml

appVersion: v1

...

spec:

  ...

  container:

    resources:

      requests:

        cpu: "1" # Here 1 represents 100% of single node CPUs whereas other than 1 represents the number of CPU it would use from a node.

```

see [Assign CPU Resources to Containers](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-cpu-resource/#specify-a-cpu-request-and-a-cpu-limit) for more information.



## Samples



Samples are in the [`samples/`](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/tree/main/samples) directory.



| Sample                      | Source Code                       | Try it |

| --------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------ |

| Native Image Bigtable Sample | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/native-image-sample/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/NativeImageBigtableSample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/native-image-sample/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/NativeImageBigtableSample.java) |

| Configure Connection Pool | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/ConfigureConnectionPool.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/ConfigureConnectionPool.java) |

| Filters | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/Filters.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/Filters.java) |

| Hello World | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/HelloWorld.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/HelloWorld.java) |

| Instance Admin Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/InstanceAdminExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/InstanceAdminExample.java) |

| Key Salting | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/KeySalting.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/KeySalting.java) |

| Quickstart | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/Quickstart.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/Quickstart.java) |

| Reads | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/Reads.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/Reads.java) |

| Table Admin Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/TableAdminExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/TableAdminExample.java) |

| Write Batch | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/WriteBatch.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/WriteBatch.java) |

| Write Conditionally | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/WriteConditionally.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/WriteConditionally.java) |

| Write Increment | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/WriteIncrement.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/WriteIncrement.java) |

| Write Simple | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/WriteSimple.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/WriteSimple.java) |

| Batch Delete Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/BatchDeleteExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/BatchDeleteExample.java) |

| Conditional Delete Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/ConditionalDeleteExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/ConditionalDeleteExample.java) |

| Delete Column Family Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteColumnFamilyExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteColumnFamilyExample.java) |

| Delete From Column Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteFromColumnExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteFromColumnExample.java) |

| Delete From Column Family Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteFromColumnFamilyExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteFromColumnFamilyExample.java) |

| Delete From Row Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteFromRowExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteFromRowExample.java) |

| Delete Table Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteTableExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DeleteTableExample.java) |

| Drop Row Range Example | [source code](https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DropRowRangeExample.java) | [![Open in Cloud Shell][shell_img]](https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable&page=editor&open_in_editor=samples/snippets/src/main/java/com/example/bigtable/deletes/DropRowRangeExample.java) |



## Troubleshooting



To get help, follow the instructions in the [shared Troubleshooting document][troubleshooting].



## Supported Java Versions



Java 8 or above is required for using this client.



Google's Java client libraries,

[Google Cloud Client Libraries][cloudlibs]

and

[Google Cloud API Libraries][apilibs],

follow the

[Oracle Java SE support roadmap][oracle]

(see the Oracle Java SE Product Releases section).



### For new development



In general, new feature development occurs with support for the lowest Java

LTS version covered by  Oracle's Premier Support (which typically lasts 5 years

from initial General Availability). If the minimum required JVM for a given

library is changed, it is accompanied by a [semver][semver] major release.



Java 11 and (in September 2021) Java 17 are the best choices for new

development.



### Keeping production systems current



Google tests its client libraries with all current LTS versions covered by

Oracle's Extended Support (which typically lasts 8 years from initial

General Availability).



#### Legacy support



Google's client libraries support legacy versions of Java runtimes with long

term stable libraries that don't receive feature updates on a best efforts basis

as it may not be possible to backport all patches.



Google provides updates on a best efforts basis to apps that continue to use

Java 7, though apps might need to upgrade to current versions of the library

that supports their JVM.



#### Where to find specific information



The latest versions and the supported Java versions are identified on

the individual GitHub repository `github.com/GoogleAPIs/java-SERVICENAME`

and on [google-cloud-java][g-c-j].



## Versioning



This library follows [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).



## Contributing



Contributions to this library are always welcome and highly encouraged.



See [CONTRIBUTING][contributing] for more information how to get started.



Please note that this project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct. By participating in

this project you agree to abide by its terms. See [Code of Conduct][code-of-conduct] for more

information.



## License



Apache 2.0 - See [LICENSE][license] for more information.



## CI Status



Java Version | Status

------------ | ------

Java 8 | [![Kokoro CI][kokoro-badge-image-2]][kokoro-badge-link-2]

Java 8 OSX | [![Kokoro CI][kokoro-badge-image-3]][kokoro-badge-link-3]

Java 8 Windows | [![Kokoro CI][kokoro-badge-image-4]][kokoro-badge-link-4]

Java 11 | [![Kokoro CI][kokoro-badge-image-5]][kokoro-badge-link-5]



Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.



[product-docs]: https://cloud.google.com/bigtable

[javadocs]: https://cloud.google.com/java/docs/reference/google-cloud-bigtable/latest/history

[kokoro-badge-image-1]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java7.svg

[kokoro-badge-link-1]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java7.html

[kokoro-badge-image-2]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java8.svg

[kokoro-badge-link-2]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java8.html

[kokoro-badge-image-3]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java8-osx.svg

[kokoro-badge-link-3]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java8-osx.html

[kokoro-badge-image-4]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java8-win.svg

[kokoro-badge-link-4]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java8-win.html

[kokoro-badge-image-5]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java11.svg

[kokoro-badge-link-5]: http://storage.googleapis.com/cloud-devrel-public/java/badges/java-bigtable/java11.html

[stability-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/stability-stable-green

[maven-version-image]: https://img.shields.io/maven-central/v/com.google.cloud/google-cloud-bigtable.svg

[maven-version-link]: https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/com.google.cloud/google-cloud-bigtable/2.32.0

[authentication]: https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-java#authentication

[auth-scopes]: https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/scopes

[predefined-iam-roles]: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/understanding-roles#predefined_roles

[iam-policy]: https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/overview#cloud-iam-policy

[developer-console]: https://console.developers.google.com/

[create-project]: https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects

[cloud-cli]: https://cloud.google.com/cli

[troubleshooting]: https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-java/blob/main/TROUBLESHOOTING.md

[contributing]: https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md

[code-of-conduct]: https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md#contributor-code-of-conduct

[license]: https://github.com/googleapis/java-bigtable/blob/main/LICENSE



[enable-api]: https://console.cloud.google.com/flows/enableapi?apiid=bigtable.googleapis.com

[libraries-bom]: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cloud-opensource-java/wiki/The-Google-Cloud-Platform-Libraries-BOM

[shell_img]: https://gstatic.com/cloudssh/images/open-btn.png



[semver]: https://semver.org/

[cloudlibs]: https://cloud.google.com/apis/docs/client-libraries-explained

[apilibs]: https://cloud.google.com/apis/docs/client-libraries-explained#google_api_client_libraries

[oracle]: https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-se-support-roadmap.html

[g-c-j]: http://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-java