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https://github.com/rauc/rauc

Safe and secure software updates for embedded Linux
https://github.com/rauc/rauc

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Safe and secure software updates for embedded Linux

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README 

        
.. image:: rauc_logo_small.png

   :alt: RAUC logo

   :align: center



RAUC - Robust Auto-Update Controller

====================================



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      Packaging status

   



RAUC controls the update process on embedded Linux systems. It is both a target

application that runs as an update client and a host/target tool

that allows you to create, inspect and modify update files ("*bundles*").



Source Code: https://github.com/rauc/rauc



Documentation: https://rauc.readthedocs.org/



Chat: IRC channel ``#rauc`` on libera.chat (bridged to the

`Matrix channel #rauc:matrix.org `_)



Features

--------



* **Fail-Safe & Atomic**:



  * An update may be interrupted at any point without breaking the running

    system.

  * Update compatibility check

  * Atomic bootloader updates (eMMC boot partitions, MBR, GPT)

* **Cryptographic signing and verification** of updates using OpenSSL (signatures

  based on x.509 certificates)



  * Keys and certificates on **PKCS#11 tokens** (HSMs) are supported

* **Flexible and customizable** redundancy/storage setup



  * **Symmetric** setup (Root-FS A & B)

  * **Asymmetric** setup (recovery & normal)

  * Application partition, data partitions, ...

  * Allows **grouping** of multiple slots (rootfs, appfs) as update targets

* Built-in **HTTP(S) streaming** mode



  * No intermediate storage on target required

* Delta-like **adaptive update** support



  * Transparent selection of download optimization

* Alternative network delta-streaming mode (using casync tool)



  * chunk-based binary delta updates

  * special bundle format and external chunk store

* Bundle **encryption** for multiple recipients

* **Bootloader support**:



  * `grub `_

  * `barebox `_

  * `u-boot `_

  * `EFI `_

  * Custom implementation

* Storage support:



  * read-only filesystems: SquashFS, EROFS, dm-verity protected images, ...

  * read-write filesystems: ext4, VFAT, UBIFS, JFFS2

  * eMMC boot partitions (atomic update)

  * UBI volumes

  * raw NAND flash (using nandwrite)

  * raw NOR flash (using flashcp)

  * MBR partition table

  * GPT partition table

* Independent from update source



  * Simple webserver (e.g. lighttpd)

  * Software provisioning server (e.g. **hawkBit** with `rauc-hawkbit-updater `_)

  * USB Stick

* Controllable via **D-Bus** interface

* Supports data migration

* Network protocol support using libcurl (https, http, ftp, ssh, ...)

* Several layers of update customization



  * Update-specific extensions (hooks)

  * System-specific extensions (handlers)

  * fully custom update script



Host Features

~~~~~~~~~~~~~



*  Create and sign update bundles

*  Resign bundles

*  Encrypt bundles

*  Inspect bundle files



Target Features

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



*  Run as a system service (D-Bus interface)

*  Install bundles

*  View system status information

*  Change status of symmetric/asymmetric/custom slots



Target Requirements

-------------------



* Boot state storage



  * GRUB: environment file on SD/eMMC/SSD/disk

  * Barebox: State partition on EEPROM/FRAM/MRAM or NAND flash

  * U-Boot: environment variable

  * EFI: EFI variables

  * Custom: depends on implementation

* Boot target selection support in the bootloader

* Enough mass storage for two symmetric/asymmetric/custom slots

* Storage location and storage space for the bundle:



  * For USB stick update: Sufficent space on the stick for (compressed) bundle, no on-target storage required

  * For HTTP(S) bundle streaming installation: Sufficient space on server, no on-target storage requied



    * For adaptive updates: some on-target storage for meta-data

  * For casync-based updates: temporary on-target storage for downloaded chunks required

  * For external (non-streaming) download: Sufficient temporary on-target storage space for (compressed) bundle

* Hardware watchdog (optional, but recommended)

* RTC (optional, but recommended)



Usage

-----



Please see the `documentation `__ for

details.



Prerequisites

-------------



Host (Build) Prerequisites

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



-  build-essential

-  meson

-  libtool

-  libdbus-1-dev

-  libglib2.0-dev

-  libcurl3-dev

-  libssl-dev



::



   sudo apt-get install build-essential meson libtool libdbus-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libcurl3-dev libssl-dev



For HTTP(S) streaming support, you also need netlink protocol headers:



::



    sudo apt-get install libnl-genl-3-dev



If you intend to use json-support you also need



::



    sudo apt-get install libjson-glib-dev



Target Prerequisites

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



Required kernel options (either ``y`` or ``m``):



-  ``CONFIG_MD``

-  ``CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DM``

-  ``CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP``

-  ``CONFIG_DM_VERITY``

-  ``CONFIG_SQUASHFS``

-  ``CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256``

-  ``CONFIG_BLK_DEV_NBD`` (for streaming support)

-  ``CONFIG_DM_CRYPT`` (for encryption support)

-  ``CONFIG_CRYPTO_AES`` (for encryption support)



For using tar archive in RAUC bundles with Busybox tar, you have to enable the

following Busybox feature:



-  ``CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_AUTODETECT=y``

-  ``CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_LONG_OPTIONS=y``



Depending on the actual storage type and/or filesystem used, further target

tools might be required.

The documentation chapter

`Required Target Tools `_

gives a more detailed list on these.



Building from Sources

---------------------



.. note:: RAUC is intended to be built both as a host tool as well as a target

   tool (service). Therefore it is fully prepared for cross-compilation with meson.



::



    git clone https://github.com/rauc/rauc

    cd rauc

    meson setup build

    meson compile -C build # or 'ninja -C build' on meson < 0.54.0



Manual Installation

-------------------



.. note:: To prepare RAUC for the target device, it is highly recommended to

  use an embedded Linux distribution build suite such as Yocto/OE, PTXdist or

  Buildroot.



On the host system RAUC can be used directly from the build dir, or optionally

be installed. On the target instead, installing is highly recommended as it

also unpacks service and D-Bus configuration files required to run RAUC

properly::



    meson install



Running the Test Suite

----------------------



::



    sudo apt-get install qemu-system-x86 time squashfs-tools

    # Optional to run all tests:

    # sudo apt-get install faketime casync grub-common openssl softhsm2 opensc opensc-pkcs11 libengine-pkcs11-openssl mtd-utils

    ./qemu-test



Creating a Bundle (Host)

------------------------



Create a directory with the content that should be installed::



    mkdir content-dir/

    cp $SOURCE/rootfs.ext4 content-dir/



Create a manifest describing which image to install where together with some

meta info::



    cat >> content-dir/manifest.raucm << EOF

    [update]

    compatible=FooCorp Super BarBazzer

    version=2019.01-1

    [image.rootfs]

    filename=rootfs.ext4

    EOF



Let RAUC create a bundle from this::



    rauc --cert autobuilder.cert.pem --key autobuilder.key.pem bundle content-dir/ update-2019.01-1.raucb



Starting the RAUC Service (Target)

----------------------------------



Create a system configuration file in ``/etc/rauc/system.conf`` and start the

service process in background::



    rauc service &



Installing a Bundle (Target)

----------------------------



To install the bundle (from local storage) on your target device, run::



    rauc install update-2023.02-1.raucb



To install a bundle from a webserver (using RAUC's built-in HTTP(S) streaming), run::



    rauc install https://example.com/update-2023.02-1.raucb



Contributing

------------



Fork the repository and send us a pull request.



Please read the Documentation's

`Contributing `_

section for more details.



License

-------



Copyright (C) 2015–2024 RAUC project



RAUC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms

of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software

Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later

version.



This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY

WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.



You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along

with this source code, see the file named `COPYING`_. If not, see

https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.



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