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https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-sink-sql


https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-sink-sql

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README 

        
# Substreams Sink SQL



The Substreams:SQL sink helps you quickly and easily sync Substreams modules to

a PostgreSQL or Clickhouse database.



### Quickstart



1. Install `substreams-sink-sql` by using the pre-built binary release [available in the releases page](https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-sink-sql/releases). Extract `substreams-sink-sql` binary into a folder and ensure this folder is referenced globally via your `PATH` environment variable.



   > **Note** Or install from source directly `go install github.com/streamingfast/substreams-sink-sql/cmd/substreams-sink-sql@latest`.



1. Compile the [Substreams](./docs/tutorial/substreams.yaml) tutorial project:



   ```bash

   cd docs/tutorial

   cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --release

   cd ../..

   ```



   This creates the following WASM file: `target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/substreams_postgresql_sink_tutorial.wasm`



1. Observe the "Sink Config" section of the [substreams manifest in the tutorial](docs/tutorial/substreams.yaml), changing the DSN if needed.



   ```yaml

   sink:

     module: blockmeta:db_out

     type: sf.substreams.sink.sql.v1.Service

     config:

       schema: "./schema.sql"

   ```



1. Start Docker Compose in the background:



   > **Note** Feel free to skip this step if you already have a running Postgres instance accessible



   ```bash

   # from the root of this repository

   rm -rf ./devel/data/postgres # clean up previous data

   docker-compose up -d

   ```



   > **Note** You now have a postgres instance accessible at `postgres://dev-node:insecure-change-me-in-prod@postgres:5432/dev-node?sslmode=disable` > **Note** You also have a clickhouse instance accessible at `clickhouse://default:default@localhost:9000/default`



1. Run the setup command:



   ```bash

   # the passwords come from the default config in `docker-compose.yml`

   export DSN="postgres://dev-node:insecure-change-me-in-prod@localhost:5432/dev-node?sslmode=disable"

   #export DSN="clickhouse://default:default@localhost:9000/default"

   substreams-sink-sql setup $DSN docs/tutorial/substreams.yaml

   ```



   This will connect to the database and create the schema, using the values from `sink.config.schema`



   > **Note** For the sake of idempotency, we recommend that the schema file only contain `create (...) if not exists` statements.



1. Run the sink



   Now that the code is compiled and the databse is set up, let launch the `sink` process.



   > **Note** To connect to Substreams you will need an authentication token, follow this [guide](https://substreams.streamingfast.io/reference-and-specs/authentication) to obtain one.

   > **Note** This will connect to the `mainnet.eth.streamingfast.io:443` endpoint, because it is the default endpoint for the `mainnet` network, defined in `docs/tutorial/substreams.yaml`. You can change this either by using the endpoint flag `-e another.endpoint:443` or by setting the environment variable `SUBSTREAMS_ENDPOINTS_CONFIG_MAINNET` to that endpoint. The last part of the environment variable is the name of the network in the manifest, in uppercase.



   ```shell

   substreams-sink-sql run \

       $DSN \

       docs/tutorial/substreams.yaml

   ```



1. Tear down your Docker Compose cluster



   ```bash

   # from the root of this repository

   docker-compose down

   ```



### DSN



DSN stands for Data Source Name (or Database Source Name) and `substreams-sink-sql` expects a URL input that defines how to connect to the right driver. An example input for Postgres is `psql://dev-node:insecure-change-me-in-prod@localhost:5432/dev-node?sslmode=disable` which lists hostname, user, password, port and database (with some options) in a single string input.



The URL's scheme is used to determine the driver to use, `psql`, `clickhouse`, etc. In the example case above, the picked driver will be Postgres. The generic format of a DSN is of the form:



```

:://:@:/?

```



You will find below connection details for each currently supported driver.



#### Clickhouse



The DSN format for Clickhouse is:



```

clickhouse://:@:/[?]

```



#### PostgreSQL



The DSN format for Postgres is:



```

psql://:@:/[?]

```



Where `` is URL query parameters in `=` format, multiple options are separated by `&` signs. Supported options can be seen [on libpq official documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-PARAMKEYWORDS). The options ``, ``, `` and `` should **not** be passed in `` as they are automatically extracted from the DSN URL.



Moreover, the `schema` option key can be used to select a particular schema within the `` database.



#### Others



Only `psql` and `clickhouse` are supported today, adding support for a new _dialect_ is quite easy:



- Copy [db/dialect_clickhouse.go](./db/dialect_clickhouse.go) to a new file `db/dialect_.go` implementing the right functionality.

- Update [`db.driverDialect` map](https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-sink-sql/blob/develop/db/dialect.go#L27-L31) to add you dialect (key is the Golang type of your dialect implementation).

- Update [`dsn.driverMap` map](https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-sink-sql/blob/develop/db/dsn.go#L27-L31) to add DSN -> `dialect name` mapping, edit the file to accommodate for your specific driver (might not be required)

- Update Docker Compose to have this dependency auto-started for development purposes

- Update README and CHANGELOG to add information about the new dialect

- Open a PR



### Output Module



To be accepted by `substreams-sink-sql`, your module output's type must be a [sf.substreams.sink.database.v1.DatabaseChanges](https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-database-change/blob/develop/proto/substreams/sink/database/v1/database.proto#L7) message. The Rust crate [substreams-data-change](https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-database-change) contains bindings and helpers to implement it easily. Some project implementing `db_out` module for reference:



- [substreams-eth-block-meta](https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-eth-block-meta/blob/master/src/lib.rs#L35) (some helpers found in [db_out.rs](https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-eth-block-meta/blob/master/src/db_out.rs#L6))



By convention, we name the `map` module that emits [sf.substreams.sink.database.v1.DatabaseChanges](https://github.com/streamingfast/substreams-database-change/blob/develop/proto/substreams/sink/database/v1/database.proto#L7) output `db_out`.



> Note that using prior versions (0.2.0, 0.1.\*) of `substreams-database-change`, you have to use `substreams.database.v1.DatabaseChanges` in your `substreams.yaml` and put the respected version of the `spkg` in your `substreams.yaml`



### Protobuf models



- protobuf bindings are generated using `buf generate` at the root of this repo. See https://buf.build/docs/installation to install buf.



### Advanced Topics



#### High Throughput Injection



> [!IMPORTANT]

> This method will be useful if you insert a lot of data into the database. If the standard ingestion speed satisfy your needs, continue to use it, the steps below are an advanced use case.



The `substreams-sink-sql` contains a fast injection mechanism for cases where big data needs to be dump into the database. In those cases, it may be preferable to dump every files to CSV and then use `COPYFROM` to transfer data super quick to Postgres.



The idea is to first dump the Substreams data to `CSV` files using `substreams-sink-sql generate-csv` command:



```bash

substreams-sink-sql generate-csv "psql://dev-node:insecure-change-me-in-prod@localhost:5432/dev-node?sslmode=disable" --output-dir ./data/tables :14490000

```



> [!NOTE]

> We are using 14490000 as our stop block, pick you stop block close to chain's HEAD or smaller like us to perform an experiment, adjust to your needs.



This will generate block segmented CSV files for each table in your schema inside the folder `./data/tables`. Next step is to actually inject those CSV files into your database. You can use `psql` and inject directly with it.



We offer `substreams-sink-sql inject-csv` command as a convenience. It's a per table invocation but feel free to run each table concurrently, your are bound by your database as this point, so it's up to you to decide you much concurrency you want to use. Here a small `Bash` command to loop through all tables and inject them all



```bash

for i in `ls ./data/tables | grep -v state.yaml`; do \

  substreams-sink-sql inject-csv "psql://dev-node:insecure-change-me-in-prod@localhost:5432/dev-node?sslmode=disable" ./data/tables "$i" :14490000; \

  if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then break; fi; \

done

```



Those files are then inserted in the database efficiently by doing a `COPY FROM` and reading the data from a network pipe directly.



The command above will also pick up the `cursors` table injection as it's a standard table to write. The table is a bit special as it contains a single file which is contains the `cursor` that will handoff between CSV injection and going back to "live" blocks. It's extremely important that you validate that this table has been properly populated. You can do this simply by doing:



```bash

substreams-sink-sql tools --dsn="psql://dev-node:insecure-change-me-in-prod@localhost:5432/dev-node?sslmode=disable" cursor read

Module eaf2fc2ea827d6aca3d5fee4ec9af202f3d1b725: Block #14490000 (61bd396f3776f26efc3f73c44e2b8be3b90cc5171facb1f9bdeef9cb5c4fd42a) [cqR8Jx...hxNg==]

```



This should emit a single line, the `Module ` should fit the for `db_out` (check `substreams info ` to see your module's hashes) and the block number should fit your last block you written.



> [!WARNING]

> Failure to properly populate will 'cursors' table will make the injection starts from scratch when you will do `substreams-sink-sql run` to bridge with "live" blocks as no cursor will exist so we will start from scratch.



Once data has been injected and you validated the `cursors` table, you can then simply start streaming normally using:



```bash

substreams-sink-sql run "psql://dev-node:insecure-change-me-in-prod@localhost:5432/dev-node?sslmode=disable" 

```



This will start back at the latest block written and will start to handoff streaming to a "live" blocks.



##### Performance Knobs



When generating the CSV files, optimally choosing the `--buffer-max-size` configuration value can drastically increase your write throughput locally but even more if your target store is an Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage or Azure bucket. The flag controls how many bytes of the files is to be held in memory. By having bigger amount of buffered bytes, data is transferred in big chunk to the storage layer leading to improve performance. In lots of cases, the full file can be held in memory leading to a single "upload" call being performed having even better performance.



When choosing this value you should consider 2 things:



- One buffer exist by table in your schema, so if there is 12 tables and you have a 128 MiB buffer, you could have up to 1.536 GiB (`128 MiB * 12`) of RAM allocated to those buffers.

- Amount of RAM you want to allocate.



Let's take a container that is going to have 8 GiB of RAM. We suggest leaving 512 MiB for other part of the `generate-csv` tasks, which mean we could dedicated 7.488 GiB to buffering. If your schema has 10 tables, you should use `--buffer-max-size=785173709` (`7.488 GiB / 10 = 748.8 MiB = 785173709`).