https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference

2023年最新总结，阿里，腾讯，百度，美团，头条等技术面试题目，以及答案，专家出题人分析汇总。
https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference

cpu high-performance interview mongodb mysql network nginx redis storage zookeeper

Last synced: about 1 year ago
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2023年最新总结，阿里，腾讯，百度，美团，头条等技术面试题目，以及答案，专家出题人分析汇总。

Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference
Owner: 0voice
Created: 2019-06-10T06:54:19.000Z (almost 7 years ago)
Default Branch: master
Last Pushed: 2024-05-20T12:04:02.000Z (almost 2 years ago)
Last Synced: 2025-05-07T21:16:12.159Z (about 1 year ago)
Topics: cpu, high-performance, interview, mongodb, mysql, network, nginx, redis, storage, zookeeper
Language: Python
Homepage:
Size: 1.11 MB
Stars: 36,893
Watchers: 1,503
Forks: 9,464
Open Issues: 32
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md

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README

## 2023年最新总结，阿里，腾讯，百度，美团，头条等技术面试题目，以及答案，专家出题人分析汇总。持续更新中。

* [阿里篇](#1)
* [华为篇](#2)
* [百度篇](#3)
* [腾讯篇](#4)
* [美团篇](#5)
* [头条篇](#6)
* [滴滴篇](#7)
* [京东篇](#8)
* [MySQL篇](#9)
* [Redis篇](#10)
* [MongoDB篇](#11)
* [Zookeeper篇](#12)
* [Nginx篇](#13)
* [算法篇](#14)
* [内存篇](#15)
* [cpu篇](#16)
* [磁盘篇](#17)
* [网络通信篇](#18)
* [安全篇](#19)
* [并发篇](#20)

阿里篇

---

##### [1.1.1 如何实现一个高效的单向链表逆序输出？](01.阿里篇/1.1.1%20%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%AB%98%E6%95%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%95%E5%90%91%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%86%E5%BA%8F%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [1.1.2 已知sqrt(2)约等于1.414，要求不用数学库，求sqrt(2)精确到小数点后10位](01.阿里篇/1.1.2%20%E5%B7%B2%E7%9F%A5sqrt%282%29%E7%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E1.414%EF%BC%8C%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82%E4%B8%8D%E7%94%A8%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%BA%93%EF%BC%8C%E6%B1%82sqrt%282%29%E7%B2%BE%E7%A1%AE%E5%88%B0%E5%B0%8F%E6%95%B0%E7%82%B9%E5%90%8E10%E4%BD%8D.md)

##### [1.1.3 给定一个二叉搜索树(BST)，找到树中第 K 小的节点](01.阿里篇/1.1.3%20%E7%BB%99%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E6%A0%91%28BST%29%EF%BC%8C%E6%89%BE%E5%88%B0%E6%A0%91%E4%B8%AD%E7%AC%AC%20K%20%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9.md)

##### [1.1.4 LRU缓存机制](01.阿里篇/1.1.4%20LRU%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6.md)

##### [1.1.5 关于epoll和select的区别，以下哪些说法是正确的](01.阿里篇/1.1.5%20%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8Eepoll%E5%92%8Cselect%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8B%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E8%AF%B4%E6%B3%95%E6%98%AF%E6%AD%A3%E7%A1%AE%E7%9A%84.md)

##### [1.1.6 从innodb的索引结构分析，为什么索引的 key 长度不能太长](01.阿里篇/1.1.6%20%E4%BB%8Einnodb%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E7%9A%84%20key%20%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E5%A4%AA%E9%95%BF.md)

##### [1.1.7 MySQL的数据如何恢复到任意时间点？](01.阿里篇/1.1.7%20MySQL%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B0%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [1.1.8 什么是静态关联？什么是动态关联？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#304-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94)

##### [1.1.9 输入 ping IP 后敲回车，发包前会发生什么？](01.阿里篇/1.1.9%20%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%20ping%20IP%20%E5%90%8E%E6%95%B2%E5%9B%9E%E8%BD%A6%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%8C%85%E5%89%8D%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [1.2.0 请解释下为什么鹿晗发布恋情的时候，微博系统会崩溃，如何解决？](01.阿里篇/1.2.0%20%E8%AF%B7%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E9%B9%BF%E6%99%97%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E6%81%8B%E6%83%85%E7%9A%84%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BC%9A%E5%B4%A9%E6%BA%83%EF%BC%8C%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [1.2.1 现有一批邮件需要发送给订阅顾客，且有一个集群（集群的节点数不定，会动态扩容缩容）来负责具体的邮件发送任务，如何让系统尽快地完成发送？](01.阿里篇/1.2.1%20%E7%8E%B0%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%80%E6%89%B9%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%91%E9%80%81%E7%BB%99%E8%AE%A2%E9%98%85%E9%A1%BE%E5%AE%A2%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%94%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%EF%BC%88%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9A%EF%BC%8C%E4%BC%9A%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E6%89%A9%E5%AE%B9%E7%BC%A9%E5%AE%B9%EF%BC%89%E6%9D%A5%E8%B4%9F%E8%B4%A3%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E7%9A%84%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E5%8F%91%E9%80%81%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%EF%BC%8C%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%AE%A9%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B0%BD%E5%BF%AB%E5%9C%B0%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E5%8F%91%E9%80%81%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [1.2.2 有一批气象观测站，现需要获取这些站点的观测数据，并存储到 Hive 中。但是气象局只提供了 api 查询，每次只能查询单个观测点。那么如果能够方便快速地获取到所有的观测点的数据？](01.阿里篇/1.2.2%20%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%80%E6%89%B9%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E7%AB%99%EF%BC%8C%E7%8E%B0%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E8%BF%99%E4%BA%9B%E7%AB%99%E7%82%B9%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%88%B0%20Hive%20%E4%B8%AD%E3%80%82%E4%BD%86%E6%98%AF%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%AA%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E4%BA%86%20api%20%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%EF%BC%8C%E6%AF%8F%E6%AC%A1%E5%8F%AA%E8%83%BD%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%AA%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E7%82%B9%E3%80%82%E9%82%A3%E4%B9%88%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E8%83%BD%E5%A4%9F%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E7%82%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [1.2.3 如何实现两金额数据相加（最多小数点两位）](01.阿里篇/1.2.3%20%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E4%B8%A4%E9%87%91%E9%A2%9D%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9B%B8%E5%8A%A0%EF%BC%88%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%8F%E6%95%B0%E7%82%B9%E4%B8%A4%E4%BD%8D%EF%BC%89.md)

##### [1.2.4 关于并行计算的一些基础开放问题](01.阿里篇/1.2.4%20%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.md)

##### [1.2.5 请计算XILINX公司VU9P芯片的算力相当于多少TOPS，给出计算过程与公式](01.阿里篇/1.2.5%20%E8%AF%B7%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97XILINX%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8VU9P%E8%8A%AF%E7%89%87%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%97%E5%8A%9B%E7%9B%B8%E5%BD%93%E4%BA%8E%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91TOPS%EF%BC%8C%E7%BB%99%E5%87%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F.md)

##### [1.2.6 一颗现代处理器，每秒大概可以执行多少条简单的MOV指令，有哪些主要的影响因素](01.阿里篇/1.2.6%20%E4%B8%80%E9%A2%97%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%8C%E6%AF%8F%E7%A7%92%E5%A4%A7%E6%A6%82%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%9A%84MOV%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%EF%BC%8C%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%A0.md)

##### [1.2.7 请分析 MaxCompute 产品与分布式技术的关系、当前大数据计算平台类产品的市场现状和发展趋势](01.阿里篇/1.2.7%20%E8%AF%B7%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%20MaxCompute%20%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E3%80%81%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E7%B1%BB%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF.md)

##### [1.2.8 对大数据平台中的元数据管理是怎么理解的，元数据收集管理体系是怎么样的，会对大数据应用有什么样的影响](01.阿里篇/1.2.8%20%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%8C%E5%85%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%94%B6%E9%9B%86%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%8C%E4%BC%9A%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D.md)

##### [1.2.9 你理解常见如阿里，和友商大数据平台的技术体系差异以及发展趋势和技术瓶颈，在存储和计算两个方面进行概述](01.阿里篇/1.2.9%20%E4%BD%A0%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E5%A6%82%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%EF%BC%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%8B%E5%95%86%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E5%B7%AE%E5%BC%82%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%B6%8B%E5%8A%BF%E5%92%8C%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%93%B6%E9%A2%88%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%A8%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%92%8C%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B9%E9%9D%A2%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0.md)

##### [1.3.0 虚函数是如何实现的？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#305-%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%98%AF%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84)

##### [1.3.1 最大频率栈](01.阿里篇/1.3.1%20%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87%E6%A0%88.md)

##### [1.3.2 给定一个链表，删除链表的倒数第N个节点，并且返回链表的头结点](01.阿里篇/1.3.2%20%E7%BB%99%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%80%92%E6%95%B0%E7%AC%ACN%E4%B8%AA%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%8C%E5%B9%B6%E4%B8%94%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%B4%E7%BB%93%E7%82%B9.md)

##### [1.3.3 如果让你设计一个通用的、支持各种数据库秒级备份和恢复的系统，你会如何设计](01.阿里篇/1.3.3%20%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%A9%E4%BD%A0%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E3%80%81%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%90%84%E7%A7%8D%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%92%E7%BA%A7%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BD%E5%92%8C%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%A0%E4%BC%9A%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.md)

##### [1.3.4 如果让你来设计一个支持数据库、NOSQL 和大数据之间数据实时流动的数据流及处理的系统，你会考虑哪些问题？如何设计？](01.阿里篇/1.3.4%20%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%A9%E4%BD%A0%E6%9D%A5%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E3%80%81NOSQL%20%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%B5%81%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E7%9A%84%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%A0%E4%BC%9A%E8%80%83%E8%99%91%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%EF%BC%9F%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [1.3.5 给定一个整数数组和一个整数，返回两个数组的索引，这两个索引指向的数字的加和等于指定的整数。需要最优的算法，分析算法的空间和时间复杂度](01.阿里篇/1.3.5%20%E7%BB%99%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%EF%BC%8C%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%A0%E5%92%8C%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%E3%80%82%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E6%9C%80%E4%BC%98%E7%9A%84%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%92%8C%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E5%BA%A6.md)

##### [1.3.6 假如给你一个新产品，你将从哪些方面来保障它的质量？](01.阿里篇/1.3.6%20%E5%81%87%E5%A6%82%E7%BB%99%E4%BD%A0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%A0%E5%B0%86%E4%BB%8E%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E6%96%B9%E9%9D%A2%E6%9D%A5%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E5%AE%83%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [1.3.7 请评估一下程序的执行结果？](01.阿里篇/1.3.7%20%E8%AF%B7%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%EF%BC%9F.md)

华为篇

---
##### [2.1.0 static有什么用途？（请至少说明两种）](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/02.%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%BA%E7%AF%87/2.1.1%20static%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%EF%BC%9F%EF%BC%88%E8%AF%B7%E8%87%B3%E5%B0%91%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%A4%E7%A7%8D%EF%BC%89.md)

##### [2.1.1 变量的声明和定义有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#1%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.1.2 sizeof 和 strlen 的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#3sizeof-%E5%92%8C-strlen-%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.1.3 C 语言的关键字 static 和 C++ 的关键字 static 有什么区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#4c-%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97-static-%E5%92%8C-c-%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97-static-%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.1.4 Ｃ中的 malloc 和Ｃ＋＋中的 new 有什么区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#5%EF%BD%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-malloc-%E5%92%8C%EF%BD%83%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-new-%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.1.5 写一个“标准”宏 MIN](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#6%E5%86%99%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%AE%8F-min)

##### [2.1.6 一个指针可以是 volatile 吗](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%98%AF-volatile-%E5%90%97)

##### [2.1.7 a 和&a 有什么区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#8a-%E5%92%8Ca-%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.1.8 简述 C、C++程序编译的内存分配情况](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#9%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0-cc%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5)

##### [2.1.9 简述 strcpy、sprintf 与 memcpy 的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#10%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0-strcpysprintf-%E4%B8%8E-memcpy-%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.2.0 设置地址为 0x67a9 的整型变量的值为 0xaa66](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#11%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%BA-0x67a9-%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B4%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA-0xaa66)

##### [2.2.1 面向对象的三大特征](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#12%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81)

##### [2.2.2 C++的空类有哪些成员函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#13c%E7%9A%84%E7%A9%BA%E7%B1%BB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [2.2.3 谈谈你对拷贝构造函数和赋值运算符的认识](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#14%E8%B0%88%E8%B0%88%E4%BD%A0%E5%AF%B9%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%92%8C%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86)

##### [2.2.4 用 C++设计一个不能被继承的类](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#15%E7%94%A8-c%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E8%A2%AB%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E7%9A%84%E7%B1%BB)

##### [2.2.5 访问基类的私有虚函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#16%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [2.2.6 简述类成员函数的重写、重载和隐藏的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#17%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E7%B1%BB%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8D%E5%86%99%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BD%E5%92%8C%E9%9A%90%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.2.7 简述多态实现的原理](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#18%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E5%A4%9A%E6%80%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86)

##### [2.2.8 链表和数组有什么区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#19%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E5%92%8C%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.2.9 怎样把一个单链表反序](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#20%E6%80%8E%E6%A0%B7%E6%8A%8A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%8D%95%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%8F)

##### [2.3.0 简述队列和栈的异同](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#21%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%88%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%82%E5%90%8C)

##### [2.3.1 能否用两个栈实现一个队列的功能](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#22%E8%83%BD%E5%90%A6%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%A0%88%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD)

##### [2.3.2 计算一颗二叉树的深度](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#23%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E4%B8%80%E9%A2%97%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%A0%91%E7%9A%84%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6)

##### [2.3.3 编码实现直接插入排序](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#24%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F)

##### [2.3.4 编码实现冒泡排序](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#25%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%86%92%E6%B3%A1%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F)

##### [2.3.5 编码实现直接选择排序](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#26%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F)

##### [2.3.6 编程实现堆排序](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#27%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%A0%86%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F)

##### [2.3.7 编程实现基数排序](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#28%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F)

##### [2.3.8 谈谈你对编程规范的理解或认识](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#29%E8%B0%88%E8%B0%88%E4%BD%A0%E5%AF%B9%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E6%88%96%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86)

##### [2.3.9 short i = 0; i = i + 1L；这两句有错吗](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#30short-i--0-i--i--1l%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%A4%E5%8F%A5%E6%9C%89%E9%94%99%E5%90%97)

##### [2.4.0 &&和&、||和|有什么区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#31%E5%92%8C%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.4.1 C++的引用和 C 语言的指针有什么区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#32c%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E5%92%8C-c-%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.4.2 在二元树中找出和为某一值的所有路径](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#33%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E6%A0%91%E4%B8%AD%E6%89%BE%E5%87%BA%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%BA%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%80%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84)

##### [2.4.3 typedef 和 define 有什么区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#35typedef-%E5%92%8C-define-%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.4.4 关键字 const 是什么](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#36%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97-const-%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [2.4.5 static 有什么作用](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#37static-%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [2.4.6 extern 有什么作用](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#38extern-%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [2.4.7 流操作符重载为什么返回引用](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#39%E6%B5%81%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%AC%A6%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BD%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8)

##### [2.4.8 简述指针常量与常量指针区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#40%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.4.9 数组名和指针的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#41%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%90%8D%E5%92%8C%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.5.0 如何避免“野指针”](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#42%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E9%87%8E%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88)

##### [2.5.1 常引用有什么作用](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#43%E5%B8%B8%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [2.5.2 编码实现字符串转化为数字](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#44%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E8%BD%AC%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BA%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97)

##### [2.5.3 简述 strcpy、sprintf 与 memcpy 的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#45%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0-strcpysprintf-%E4%B8%8E-memcpy-%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [2.5.4 用 C 编写一个死循环程序](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#46%E7%94%A8-c-%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F)

##### [2.5.5 编码实现某一变量某位清 0 或置 1](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#47%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E6%9F%90%E4%BD%8D%E6%B8%85-0-%E6%88%96%E7%BD%AE-1)

##### [2.5.6 评论下面这个中断函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#48%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%BA%E4%B8%8B%E9%9D%A2%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%AD%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [2.5.7 构造函数能否为虚函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#49%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%83%BD%E5%90%A6%E4%B8%BA%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [2.5.8 谈谈你对面向对象的认识](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#50%E8%B0%88%E8%B0%88%E4%BD%A0%E5%AF%B9%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86)

##### [2.5.9 动态库和静态库的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#67%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E5%BA%93%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

百度篇

---

##### [3.1.0 提高c++性能，你用过哪些方式去提升](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#68%E6%8F%90%E9%AB%98c%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E4%BD%A0%E7%94%A8%E8%BF%87%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%8E%BB%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87)

##### [3.1.1 引用和指针的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#74%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E5%92%8C%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [3.1.2 从汇编层去解释一下引用](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#75%E4%BB%8E%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E5%B1%82%E5%8E%BB%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8)

##### [3.1.3 C++中的指针参数传递和引用参数传递](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#76c%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92%E5%92%8C%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92)

##### [3.1.4 形参与实参的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#77%E5%BD%A2%E5%8F%82%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%9E%E5%8F%82%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [3.1.5 static的用法和作用？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#78static%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [3.1.6 静态变量什么时候初始化](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#79%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96)

##### [3.1.7 const?](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#80const)

##### [3.1.8 const成员函数的理解和应用？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#81const%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8)

##### [3.1.9 指针和const的用法](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#82%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%92%8Cconst%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95)

##### [3.2.0 mutable](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#83mutable)

##### [3.2.1 extern用法？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#84extern%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95)

##### [3.2.2 int转字符串字符串转int?strcat,strcpy,strncpy,memset,memcpy的内部实现？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#85int%E8%BD%AC%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E8%BD%ACintstrcatstrcpystrncpymemsetmemcpy%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0)

##### [3.2.3 深拷贝与浅拷贝？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#86%E6%B7%B1%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%85%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D)

##### [3.2.4 C++模板是什么，底层怎么实现的？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#87c%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%BA%95%E5%B1%82%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84)

##### [3.2.5 C语言struct和C++struct区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#88c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80struct%E5%92%8Ccstruct%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [3.2.6 虚函数可以声明为inline吗?](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#89%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%BAinline%E5%90%97)

##### [3.2.7 类成员初始化方式？构造函数的执行顺序？为什么用成员初始化列表会快一些？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#90%E7%B1%BB%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F-%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E7%94%A8%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%AB%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B)

##### [3.2.8 成员列表初始化？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#91%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96)

##### [3.2.9 构造函数为什么不能为虚函数？析构函数为什么要虚函数？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#92%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BA%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A6%81%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [3.3.0 析构函数的作用，如何起作用？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#93%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%B5%B7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [3.3.1 构造函数和析构函数可以调用虚函数吗，为什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#94%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%92%8C%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%90%97%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [3.3.2 构造函数的执行顺序？析构函数的执行顺序？构造函数内部干了啥？拷贝构造干了啥？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#95%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E5%B9%B2%E4%BA%86%E5%95%A5%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%B9%B2%E4%BA%86%E5%95%A5)

##### [3.3.3 虚析构函数的作用，父类的析构函数是否要设置为虚函数？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#96%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E7%88%B6%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E8%A6%81%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E4%B8%BA%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [3.3.4 构造函数析构函数可否抛出异常](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#97%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%AF%E5%90%A6%E6%8A%9B%E5%87%BA%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8)

##### [3.3.5 类如何实现只能静态分配和只能动态分配](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#98%E7%B1%BB%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8F%AA%E8%83%BD%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%AA%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D)

##### [3.3.6 如果想将某个类用作基类，为什么该类必须定义而非声明？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#99%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C%E6%83%B3%E5%B0%86%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%AA%E7%B1%BB%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%9C%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%AF%A5%E7%B1%BB%E5%BF%85%E9%A1%BB%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%80%8C%E9%9D%9E%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E)

##### [3.3.7 什么情况会自动生成默认构造函数？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#100%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E4%BC%9A%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [3.3.8 什么是类的继承？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#101%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF)

##### [3.3.9 什么是组合？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#102%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88)

##### [3.4.0 抽象基类为什么不能创建对象？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#103%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1)

##### [3.4.1 类什么时候会析构？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#104%E7%B1%BB%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84)

##### [3.4.2 为什么友元函数必须在类内部声明？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#105%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8F%8B%E5%85%83%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%BF%85%E9%A1%BB%E5%9C%A8%E7%B1%BB%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E)

##### [3.4.3 介绍一下C++里面的多态？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#106%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8Bc%E9%87%8C%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E6%80%81)

##### [3.4.4 用C语言实现C++的继承](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#107%E7%94%A8c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0c%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF)

##### [3.4.5 继承机制中对象之间如何转换？指针和引用之间如何转换？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#108%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%92%8C%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2)

##### [3.4.6 组合与继承优缺点？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#109%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E4%BC%98%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9)

##### [3.4.7 左值右值](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#110%E5%B7%A6%E5%80%BC%E5%8F%B3%E5%80%BC)

##### [3.4.8 移动构造函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#111%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [3.4.9 C语言的编译链接过程？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#112c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B)

##### [3.5.0 vector与list的区别与应用？怎么找某vector或者list的倒数第二个元素](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#113vector%E4%B8%8Elist%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E4%B8%8E%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E6%89%BE%E6%9F%90vector%E6%88%96%E8%80%85list%E7%9A%84%E5%80%92%E6%95%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%AA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0)

##### [3.5.1 STL vector的实现，删除其中的元素，迭代器如何变化？为什么是两倍扩容？释放空间？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#114stl-vector%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%85%B6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%99%A8%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%A4%E5%80%8D%E6%89%A9%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4)

##### [3.5.2 容器内部删除一个元素](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#115%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0)

##### [3.5.3 STL迭代器如何实现](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#116stl%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%99%A8%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0)

##### [3.5.4 set与hash_set的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#117set%E4%B8%8Ehash_set%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [3.5.5 hashmap与map的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#118hashmap%E4%B8%8Emap%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [3.5.6 map、set是怎么实现的，红黑树是怎么能够同时实现这两种容器？为什么使用红黑树？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#119mapset%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%A2%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%91%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E8%83%BD%E5%A4%9F%E5%90%8C%E6%97%B6%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%A4%E7%A7%8D%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8-%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%BA%A2%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%91)

##### [3.5.7 如何在共享内存上使用stl标准库？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#120%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E4%B8%8A%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8stl%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%BA%93)

腾讯篇

---

##### [4.1.0 map插入方式有几种？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#121map%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%9C%89%E5%87%A0%E7%A7%8D)

##### [4.1.1 STL中unordered_map(hash_map)和map的区别，hash_map如何解决冲突以及扩容](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#122stl%E4%B8%ADunordered_maphash_map%E5%92%8Cmap%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%ABhash_map%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E6%89%A9%E5%AE%B9)

##### [4.1.2 vector越界访问下标，map越界访问下标？vector删除元素时会不会释放空间？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#123vector%E8%B6%8A%E7%95%8C%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%87map%E8%B6%8A%E7%95%8C%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%87vector%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%97%B6%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E4%BC%9A%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4)

##### [4.1.3 map[]与find的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#124map%E4%B8%8Efind%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.1.4 STL中list与queue之间的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#125stl%E4%B8%ADlist%E4%B8%8Equeue%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.1.5 STL中的allocator,deallocator](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#126stl%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84allocatordeallocator)

##### [4.1.6 STL中hash_map扩容发生什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#127stl%E4%B8%ADhash_map%E6%89%A9%E5%AE%B9%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [4.1.7 map如何创建？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#128map%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA)

##### [4.1.8 vector的增加删除都是怎么做的？为什么是1.5倍？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#129vector%E7%9A%84%E5%A2%9E%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E9%83%BD%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%81%9A%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF15%E5%80%8D)

##### [4.1.9 函数指针？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#130%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88)

##### [4.2.0 说说你对c和c++的看法，c和c++的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#131%E8%AF%B4%E8%AF%B4%E4%BD%A0%E5%AF%B9c%E5%92%8Cc%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%8B%E6%B3%95c%E5%92%8Cc%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.2.1 c/c++的内存分配，详细说一下栈、堆、静态存储区？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#132cc%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E8%AF%A6%E7%BB%86%E8%AF%B4%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%88%E5%A0%86%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%8C%BA)

##### [4.2.2 堆与栈的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#133%E5%A0%86%E4%B8%8E%E6%A0%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.2.3 野指针是什么？如何检测内存泄漏？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#134%E9%87%8E%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E6%B3%84%E6%BC%8F)

##### [4.2.4 悬空指针和野指针有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#135%E6%82%AC%E7%A9%BA%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%92%8C%E9%87%8E%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.2.5 内存泄漏](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#136%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E6%B3%84%E6%BC%8F)

##### [4.2.6 new和malloc的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#137new%E5%92%8Cmalloc%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.2.7 delete p;与delete[]p，allocator](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#138delete-p%E4%B8%8Edeletepallocator)

##### [4.2.8 new和delete的实现原理， delete是如何知道释放内存的大小的额？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#139new%E5%92%8Cdelete%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86-delete%E6%98%AF%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%A2%9D)

##### [4.2.9 malloc申请的存储空间能用delete释放吗](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#140malloc%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E8%83%BD%E7%94%A8delete%E9%87%8A%E6%94%BE%E5%90%97)

##### [4.3.0 malloc与free的实现原理？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#141malloc%E4%B8%8Efree%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86)

##### [4.3.1 malloc、realloc、calloc的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#142mallocrealloccalloc%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.3.2 __stdcall和__cdecl的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#143__stdcall%E5%92%8C__cdecl%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.3.3 使用智能指针管理内存资源，RAII](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#144%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90raii)

##### [4.3.4 手写实现智能指针类](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#145%E6%89%8B%E5%86%99%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%B1%BB)

##### [4.3.5 内存对齐？位域？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#146%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%AF%B9%E9%BD%90%E4%BD%8D%E5%9F%9F)

##### [4.3.6 结构体变量比较是否相等](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#147%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E7%9B%B8%E7%AD%89)

##### [4.3.7 位运算](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#148%E4%BD%8D%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97)

##### [4.3.8 为什么内存对齐](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#149%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%AF%B9%E9%BD%90)

##### [4.3.9 函数调用过程栈的变化，返回值和参数变量哪个先入栈？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#150%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E6%A0%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E5%80%BC%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%93%AA%E4%B8%AA%E5%85%88%E5%85%A5%E6%A0%88)

##### [4.4.0 怎样判断两个浮点数是否相等？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#151%E6%80%8E%E6%A0%B7%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%B5%AE%E7%82%B9%E6%95%B0%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E7%9B%B8%E7%AD%89)

##### [4.4.1 宏定义一个取两个数中较大值的功能](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#152%E5%AE%8F%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%96%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%AD%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD)

##### [4.4.2 define、const、typedef、inline使用方法？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#153defineconsttypedefinline%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)

##### [4.4.3 printf实现原理？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#154printf%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86)

##### [4.4.4 #include 的顺序以及尖叫括号和双引号的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#155include-%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%B0%96%E5%8F%AB%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%8C%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.4.5 lambda函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#156lambda%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [4.4.6 hello world 程序开始到打印到屏幕上的全过程?](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#157hello-world-%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E5%88%B0%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B0%E5%B1%8F%E5%B9%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B)

##### [4.4.7 模板类和模板函数的区别是什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#158%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [4.4.8 为什么模板类一般都是放在一个h文件中](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#159%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E9%83%BD%E6%98%AF%E6%94%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AAh%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%AD)

##### [4.4.9 C++中类成员的访问权限和继承权限问题。](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#160c%E4%B8%AD%E7%B1%BB%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98)

##### [4.5.0 cout和printf有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#161cout%E5%92%8Cprintf%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.5.1 重载运算符？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#162%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BD%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6)

##### [4.5.2 函数重载函数匹配原则](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#163%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BD%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%8C%B9%E9%85%8D%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99)

##### [4.5.3 定义和声明的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#164%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.5.4 C++类型转换有四种](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#165c%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%89%E5%9B%9B%E7%A7%8D)

##### [4.5.5 全局变量和static变量的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#166%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%92%8Cstatic%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.5.6 静态成员与普通成员的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#167%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.5.7 说一下理解 ifdef endif](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#168%E8%AF%B4%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8B%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3-ifdef-endif)

##### [4.5.8 隐式转换，如何消除隐式转换？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#169%E9%9A%90%E5%BC%8F%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%B6%88%E9%99%A4%E9%9A%90%E5%BC%8F%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2)

##### [4.5.9 多继承的优缺点，作为一个开发者怎么看待多继承](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#171%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%98%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%80%85%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E7%9C%8B%E5%BE%85%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF)

##### [4.6.0 迭代器++it,it++哪个好，为什么](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#172%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%99%A8itit%E5%93%AA%E4%B8%AA%E5%A5%BD%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [4.6.1 模板和实现可不可以不写在一个文件里面？为什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#173%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8F%AF%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8D%E5%86%99%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E9%87%8C%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [4.6.2 在成员函数中调用delete this会出现什么问题？对象还可以使用吗？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#174%E5%9C%A8%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%AD%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8delete-this%E4%BC%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E8%BF%98%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%90%97)

##### [4.6.3 智能指针的作用](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#175%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [4.6.4 auto_ptr作用](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#176auto_ptr%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [4.6.5 class、union、struct的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#177classunionstruct%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.6.6 动态联编与静态联编](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#178%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%81%94%E7%BC%96%E4%B8%8E%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E8%81%94%E7%BC%96)

##### [4.6.7 动态编译与静态编译](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#179%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E4%B8%8E%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91)

##### [4.6.8 动态链接和静态链接区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#180%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.6.9 在不使用额外空间的情况下，交换两个数？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#181%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E9%A2%9D%E5%A4%96%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B0)

##### [4.7.0 strcpy和memcpy的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#182strcpy%E5%92%8Cmemcpy%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [4.7.1 执行int main(int argc, char *argv[])时的内存结构](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#183%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8Cint-mainint-argc-char-argv%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84)

##### [4.7.2 volatile关键字的作用？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#184volatile%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [4.7.3 讲讲大端小端，如何检测（三种方法）](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#185%E8%AE%B2%E8%AE%B2%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%AF%E5%B0%8F%E7%AB%AF%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B%E4%B8%89%E7%A7%8D%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)

##### [4.7.4 查看内存的方法](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#186%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)

##### [4.7.5 空类会默认添加哪些东西？怎么写？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#187%E7%A9%BA%E7%B1%BB%E4%BC%9A%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E4%B8%9C%E8%A5%BF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%86%99)

##### [4.7.6 标准库是什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#188%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%BA%93%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [4.7.7 new、delete、operator new、operator delete、placement new、placement delete](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#189newdeleteoperator-newoperator-deleteplacement-newplacement-delete)

##### [4.7.8 为什么拷贝构造函数必须传引用不能传值？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#190%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%BF%85%E9%A1%BB%E4%BC%A0%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E4%BC%A0%E5%80%BC)

##### [4.7.9 空类的大小是多少？为什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#191%E7%A9%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E6%98%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [4.8.0 你什么情况用指针当参数，什么时候用引用，为什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#192%E4%BD%A0%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E7%94%A8%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%BD%93%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [4.8.1 大内存申请时候选用哪种？C++变量存在哪？变量的大小存在哪？符号表存在哪？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#193%E5%A4%A7%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E7%94%B3%E8%AF%B7%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99%E9%80%89%E7%94%A8%E5%93%AA%E7%A7%8Dc%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA)

美团篇

---

##### [5.1.0 为什么会有大端小端，htol这一类函数的作用](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#194%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%BC%9A%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%AB%AF%E5%B0%8F%E7%AB%AFhtol%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%80%E7%B1%BB%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [5.1.1 静态函数能定义为虚函数吗？常函数?](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#195%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%83%BD%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%BA%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%90%97%E5%B8%B8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [5.1.2 this指针调用成员变量时，堆栈会发生什么变化？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#196this%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%A0%86%E6%A0%88%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)

##### [5.1.3 静态绑定和动态绑定的介绍](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#197%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E7%BB%91%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D)

##### [5.1.4 设计一个类计算子类的个数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#198%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E7%B1%BB%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%90%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B0)

##### [5.1.5 怎么快速定位错误出现的地方](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#199%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E5%87%BA%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9)

##### [5.1.6 虚函数的代价？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#200%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E4%BB%B7)

##### [5.1.7 类对象的大小](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#201%E7%B1%BB%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F)

##### [5.1.8 移动构造函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#202%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [5.1.9 何时需要合成构造函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#203%E4%BD%95%E6%97%B6%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [5.2.0 何时需要合成复制构造函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#204%E4%BD%95%E6%97%B6%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [5.2.1 何时需要成员初始化列表？过程是什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#205%E4%BD%95%E6%97%B6%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [5.2.2 程序员定义的析构函数被扩展的过程？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#206%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%98%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%A2%AB%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B)

##### [5.2.3 构造函数的执行算法？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#207%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95)

##### [5.2.4 构造函数的扩展过程？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#208%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B)

##### [5.2.5 哪些函数不能是虚函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#209%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E6%98%AF%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [5.2.6 sizeof 和strlen 的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#210sizeof-%E5%92%8Cstrlen-%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [5.2.7 简述strcpy、sprintf与memcpy的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#211%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0strcpysprintf%E4%B8%8Ememcpy%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [5.2.8 编码实现某一变量某位清0或置1](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#212%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E6%9F%90%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E6%9F%90%E4%BD%8D%E6%B8%850%E6%88%96%E7%BD%AE1)

##### [5.2.9 将“引用”作为函数参数有哪些特点？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#213%E5%B0%86%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9)

##### [5.3.0 分别写出BOOL,int,float,指针类型的变量a 与“零”的比较语句。](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#214%E5%88%86%E5%88%AB%E5%86%99%E5%87%BAboolintfloat%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8Fa-%E4%B8%8E%E9%9B%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5)

##### [5.3.1 局部变量全局变量的问题？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#215%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98)

##### [5.3.2 数组和指针的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#216%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%92%8C%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [5.3.3 C++如何阻止一个类被实例化？一般在什么时候将构造函数声明为private？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#217c%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%98%BB%E6%AD%A2%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E7%B1%BB%E8%A2%AB%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E5%9C%A8%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99%E5%B0%86%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%BAprivate)

##### [5.3.4 如何禁止自动生成拷贝构造函数？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#218%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [5.3.5 assert与NDEBUGE](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#219assert%E4%B8%8Endebuge)

##### [5.3.6 Denug和release的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#220denug%E5%92%8Crelease%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [5.3.7 main函数有没有返回值](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#221main%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%9C%89%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E5%80%BC)

##### [5.3.8 写一个比较大小的模板函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#222%E5%86%99%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [5.3.9 c++怎么实现一个函数先于main函数运行](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#223c%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%85%88%E4%BA%8Emain%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C)

##### [5.4.0 虚函数与纯虚函数的区别在于](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#224%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%8E%E7%BA%AF%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%8E)

##### [5.4.1 智能指针怎么用？智能指针出现循环引用怎么解决？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#225%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E7%94%A8%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%87%BA%E7%8E%B0%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3)

##### [5.4.2 strcpy函数和strncpy函数的区别？哪个函数更安全？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#226strcpy%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%92%8Cstrncpy%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E5%93%AA%E4%B8%AA%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%9B%B4%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8)

##### [5.4.3 为什么要用static_cast转换而不用c语言中的转换？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#227%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A6%81%E7%94%A8static_cast%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8D%E7%94%A8c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2)

##### [5.4.4 成员函数里memset(this,0,sizeof(*this))会发生什么](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#228%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8Cmemsetthis0sizeofthis%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [5.4.5 方法调用的原理（栈，汇编）](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#229%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E6%A0%88%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96)

##### [5.4.6 回调函数的作用](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#231%E5%9B%9E%E8%B0%83%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [随机数的生成](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#232%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90)

##### [5.4.8 变量的声明和定义有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#233%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [5.4.9 请简述#ifdef、#else、#endif、和#ifndef的作用是？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#234%E8%AF%B7%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0ifdefelseendif%E5%92%8Cifndef%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E6%98%AF)

头条篇

---

##### [6.1.0 请写出int、bool、float、指针变量与"零值"比较的if语句？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#235%E8%AF%B7%E5%86%99%E5%87%BAintboolfloat%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8E%E9%9B%B6%E5%80%BC%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E7%9A%84if%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5)

##### [6.1.1 结构体是否可以直接赋值？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#236%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC)

##### [6.1.2 sizeof和strlen的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#237sizeof%E5%92%8Cstrlen%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.1.3 C语言和C++语言中的关键字static有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#238c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%92%8Cc%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97static%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.1.4 C语言的malloc和C++中的new有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#239c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84malloc%E5%92%8Cc%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84new%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.1.5 请写一个标准宏MIN？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#240%E8%AF%B7%E5%86%99%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%AE%8Fmin)

##### [6.1.6 ++i和i++的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#241i%E5%92%8Ci%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.1.7 关键字volatile有什么作用？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#242%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97volatile%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8)

##### [6.1.8 一个参数可以既是const又是volatile吗？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#243%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%97%A2%E6%98%AFconst%E5%8F%88%E6%98%AFvolatile%E5%90%97)

##### [6.1.9 *a和&a有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#244a%E5%92%8Ca%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.2.0 用C语言编写一个死循环程序？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#245%E7%94%A8c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F)

##### [6.2.1 全局变量和局部变量有什么区别？是怎么实现的？操作系统和编译器是怎么知道的？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#247%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%99%A8%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E7%9A%84)

##### [6.2.2 请简述C/C++程序编译的内存分配情况？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#248%E8%AF%B7%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0cc%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E7%9A%84%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5)

##### [6.2.3 请简述strcpy、sprintf和memcpy的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#249%E8%AF%B7%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0strcpysprintf%E5%92%8Cmemcpy%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.2.4 请解释((void ()())0)()的含义？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#250%E8%AF%B7%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8Avoid-0%E7%9A%84%E5%90%AB%E4%B9%89)

##### [6.2.5 C语言的指针和引用和C++的有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#251c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%92%8C%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E5%92%8Cc%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.2.6 typedef和define有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#252typedef%E5%92%8Cdefine%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.2.7 指针常量和常量指针有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#253%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.2.8 请简述队列和栈的异同？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#254%E8%AF%B7%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%88%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%82%E5%90%8C)

##### [6.2.9 如何设置地址为0x67a9的整型变量的值为0xaa66？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#255%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%BA0x67a9%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B4%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA0xaa66)

##### [6.3.0 请编程实现字符串转换为数字？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#256%E8%AF%B7%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%BA%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97)

##### [6.3.1 C语言的结构体和C++的有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#257c%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93%E5%92%8Cc%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.3.2 简述指针常量与常量指针的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#258%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.3.3 如何避免"野指针"？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#259%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E9%87%8E%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88)

##### [6.3.4 句柄和指针的区别和联系是什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#260%E5%8F%A5%E6%9F%84%E5%92%8C%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E5%92%8C%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [6.3.5 new/delete与malloc/free的区别是什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#261newdelete%E4%B8%8Emallocfree%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [6.3.6 请说一说extern "C"？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#262%E8%AF%B7%E8%AF%B4%E4%B8%80%E8%AF%B4extern-c)

##### [6.3.7 请说一说C++中struct和class的区别是什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#263%E8%AF%B7%E8%AF%B4%E4%B8%80%E8%AF%B4c%E4%B8%ADstruct%E5%92%8Cclass%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [6.3.8 new、delete、malloc、free关系](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#264newdeletemallocfree%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB)

##### [6.3.9 delete与 delete []区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#265delete%E4%B8%8E-delete-%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.4.0 C++有哪些性质（面向对象特点）](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#266c%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9)

##### [6.4.1 子类析构时要调用父类的析构函数吗？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#267%E5%AD%90%E7%B1%BB%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E6%97%B6%E8%A6%81%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E7%88%B6%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%90%97)

##### [6.4.2 多态，虚函数，纯虚函数](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#268%E5%A4%9A%E6%80%81%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%BA%AF%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [6.4.3 求下面函数的返回值（微软）](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#269%E6%B1%82%E4%B8%8B%E9%9D%A2%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E5%80%BC%E5%BE%AE%E8%BD%AF)

##### [6.4.4 什么是“引用”？申明和使用“引用”要注意哪些问题？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#270%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%94%B3%E6%98%8E%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E8%A6%81%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98)

##### [6.4.5 将“引用”作为函数参数有哪些特点？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#271%E5%B0%86%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9)

##### [6.4.6 在什么时候需要使用“常引用”？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#272%E5%9C%A8%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%B8%B8%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8)

##### [6.5.0 结构与联合有和区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#273%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%8E%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E6%9C%89%E5%92%8C%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.5.1 试写出程序结果](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#274%E8%AF%95%E5%86%99%E5%87%BA%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C)

##### [6.5.2 重载（overload)和重写(overried，有的书也叫做“覆盖”）的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#275%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BDoverload%E5%92%8C%E9%87%8D%E5%86%99overried%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%84%E4%B9%A6%E4%B9%9F%E5%8F%AB%E5%81%9A%E8%A6%86%E7%9B%96%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [6.5.3 有哪几种情况只能用intialization list 而不能用assignment?](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#276%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E5%87%A0%E7%A7%8D%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E5%8F%AA%E8%83%BD%E7%94%A8intialization-list-%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E7%94%A8assignment)

滴滴篇

---

##### [7.1.0 C++是不是类型安全的？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#277-c%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%9A%84)

##### [7.1.1 main 函数执行以前，还会执行什么代码？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#278-main-%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%BB%A5%E5%89%8D%E8%BF%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81)

##### [7.1.2 描述内存分配方式以及它们的区别?](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#279-%E6%8F%8F%E8%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%AE%83%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [7.1.3 分别写出BOOL,int,float,指针类型的变量a 与“零”的比较语句。](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#280%E5%88%86%E5%88%AB%E5%86%99%E5%87%BAboolintfloat%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8Fa-%E4%B8%8E%E9%9B%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5)

##### [7.1.4 请说出const与#define 相比，有何优点？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#281%E8%AF%B7%E8%AF%B4%E5%87%BAconst%E4%B8%8Edefine-%E7%9B%B8%E6%AF%94%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%95%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9)

##### [7.1.5 简述数组与指针的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#282%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%B8%8E%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [7.1.6 int (*s[10])(int) 表示的是什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#283-int-s10int-%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [7.1.7 栈内存与文字常量区](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#284%E6%A0%88%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B8%B8%E9%87%8F%E5%8C%BA)

##### [7.1.8 将程序跳转到指定内存地址](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#285%E5%B0%86%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%B7%B3%E8%BD%AC%E5%88%B0%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80)

##### [7.1.9 int id[sizeof(unsigned long)];这个对吗？为什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#286int-idsizeofunsigned-long%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%AA%E5%AF%B9%E5%90%97%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [7.2.0 引用与指针有什么区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#287%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%8E%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [7.2.1 const 与 #define 的比较，const有什么优点?](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#288const-%E4%B8%8E-define-%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83-const%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9)

京东篇

---

##### [8.1.0 内存的分配方式有几种?](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#289%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%9C%89%E5%87%A0%E7%A7%8D)

##### [8.1.1 基类的析构函数不是虚函数，会带来什么问题？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#290%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%A6%E6%9D%A5%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98)

##### [8.1.2 全局变量和局部变量有什么区别？是怎么实现的？操作系统和编译器是怎么知道的？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#291%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%99%A8%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E7%9A%84)

##### [8.1.3 const关键字（反义词mutable）](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#292-const%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%8D%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8Dmutable)

##### [8.1.4 static关键字](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#293-static%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97)

##### [8.1.5 extern关键字](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#294-extern%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97)

##### [8.1.6 指针和引用的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#295-%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%92%8C%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [8.1.7 explicit是干什么用的 ?](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#296explicit%E6%98%AF%E5%B9%B2%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84-)

##### [8.1.8 浅拷贝与深拷贝？为什么要使用深拷贝？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#299-%E6%B5%85%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%B8%8E%E6%B7%B1%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A6%81%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%B7%B1%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D)

##### [8.1.9 深入谈谈堆和栈？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#300%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5%E8%B0%88%E8%B0%88%E5%A0%86%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%88)

##### [8.2.0 内存的静态分配和动态分配的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#301%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%92%8C%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [8.2.1 什么是继承？什么是多态？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#303-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%A4%9A%E6%80%81)

##### [8.2.2 虚函数与纯虚函数的区别？含有纯虚函数的类叫什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#306-%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%8E%E7%BA%AF%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E7%BA%AF%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%AB%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

mysql篇

---

##### [9.1.0 主键超键候选键外键](09.MySQL篇/9.1.0%20%E4%B8%BB%E9%94%AE%20%E8%B6%85%E9%94%AE%20%E5%80%99%E9%80%89%E9%94%AE%20%E5%A4%96%E9%94%AE.md)

##### [9.1.1 数据库事务的四个特性及含义](09.MySQL篇/9.1.1%20%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%AA%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%8A%E5%90%AB%E4%B9%89.md)

##### [9.1.2 视图的作用，视图可以更改么？](09.MySQL篇/9.1.2%20%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%8C%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [9.1.3 drop,delete与truncate的区别](09.MySQL篇/9.1.3%20drop%2Cdelete%E4%B8%8Etruncate%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB.md)

##### [9.1.4 索引的工作原理及其种类](09.MySQL篇/9.1.4%20%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB.md)

##### [9.1.5 连接的种类](09.MySQL篇/9.1.5%20%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB.md)

##### [9.1.6 数据库范式](09.MySQL篇/9.1.6%20%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E8%8C%83%E5%BC%8F.md)

##### [9.1.7 数据库优化的思路](09.MySQL篇/9.1.7%20%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF.md)

##### [9.1.8 存储过程与触发器的区别](09.MySQL篇/9.1.8%20%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB.md)

redis篇

---
##### [10.1.0 使用Redis有哪些好处？](10.Redis篇/10.1.0%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Redis%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%A5%BD%E5%A4%84%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [10.1.1 redis相比memcached有哪些优势？](10.Redis篇/10.1.1%20redis%E7%9B%B8%E6%AF%94memcached%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E4%BC%98%E5%8A%BF%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [10.1.2 redis常见性能问题和解决方案](10.Redis篇/10.1.2%20redis%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%92%8C%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88.md)

##### [10.1.3 MySQL里有2000w数据，redis中只存20w的数据，如何保证redis中的数据都是热点数据](10.Redis篇/10.1.3%20MySQL%E9%87%8C%E6%9C%892000w%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%EF%BC%8Credis%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%AA%E5%AD%9820w%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%EF%BC%8C%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%81redis%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%83%BD%E6%98%AF%E7%83%AD%E7%82%B9%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE.md)

##### [10.1.4 Memcache与Redis的区别都有哪些？](10.Redis篇/10.1.4%20Memcache%E4%B8%8ERedis%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [10.1.5 Redis 常见的性能问题都有哪些？如何解决？](10.Redis篇/10.1.5%20Redis%20%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%EF%BC%9F%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### 10.1.6 redis 最适合的场景

##### [10.1.7 Redis的同步机制了解么？](10.Redis篇/10.1.7%20Redis%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E4%BA%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [10.1.8 是否使用过Redis集群，集群的原理是什么？](10.Redis篇/10.1.8%20%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%BF%87Redis%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%EF%BC%8C%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### 10.1.9 redis集群如何保证一致性？

MongoDB篇

---
##### [11.1.0 什么是MongoDB？](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.0%20%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AFMongoDB%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.1.1 MongoDB是由哪种语言写的？](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.1%20MongoDB%E6%98%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%93%AA%E7%A7%8D%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%86%99%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.1.2 MongoDB的优势有哪些？](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.2%20MongoDB%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%98%E5%8A%BF%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.1.3 什么是数据库？](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.3%20%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.1.4 什么是集合？](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.4%20%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.1.5 什么是文档？](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.5%20%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.1.6 MongoDB和关系型数据库术语对比图](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.6%20MongoDB%E5%92%8C%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%94%E5%9B%BE.md)

##### [11.1.7 什么是“mongod”？](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.7%20%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E2%80%9Cmongod%E2%80%9D%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.1.8 “mongod”参数有什么？](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.8%20%E2%80%9Cmongod%E2%80%9D%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.1.9 什么是“mongo”？](11.MongoDB篇/11.1.9%20%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E2%80%9Cmongo%E2%80%9D%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.2.0 MongoDB哪个命令可以切换数据库？](11.MongoDB篇/11.2.0%20MongoDB%E5%93%AA%E4%B8%AA%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.2.1 什么是非关系型数据库？](11.MongoDB篇/11.2.1%20%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.2.2 非关系型数据库有哪些类型？](11.MongoDB篇/11.2.2%20%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.2.3 为什么用MongoDB？](11.MongoDB篇/11.2.3%20%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E7%94%A8MOngoDB%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.2.4 在哪些场景使用MongoDB？](11.MongoDB篇/11.2.4%20%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8MongoDB%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### 11.2.5 MongoDB中的命名空间是什么意思?

##### 11.2.6 哪些语言支持MongoDB?

##### [11.2.7 在MongoDB中如何创建一个新的数据库？](11.MongoDB篇/11.2.7%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.2.8 在MongoDB中如何查看数据库列表？](11.MongoDB篇/11.2.8%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.2.9 MongoDB中的分片是什么意思？](11.MongoDB篇/11.2.9%20MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E7%89%87%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%84%8F%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.0 如何查看使用MongoDB的连接？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.0%20%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8MongoDB%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.1 什么是复制？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.1%20%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.2 在MongoDB中如何在集合中插入一个文档？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.2%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E4%B8%AD%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.3 在MongoDB中如何除去一个数据库？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.3%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%99%A4%E5%8E%BB%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.4 在MongoDB中如何创建一个集合？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.4%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.5 在MongoDB中如何查看一个已经创建的集合？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.5%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%B7%B2%E7%BB%8F%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.6 在MongoDB中如何删除一个集合？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.6%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.7 为什么要在MongoDB中使用分析器？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.7%20%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A6%81%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.8 MongoDB支持主键外键关系吗？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.8%20MongoDB%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E4%B8%BB%E9%94%AE%E5%A4%96%E9%94%AE%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.3.9 MongoDB支持哪些数据类型？](11.MongoDB篇/11.3.9%20MongoDB%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### 11.4.0 为什么要在MongoDB中用"Code"数据类型？

##### 11.4.1 为什么要在MongoDB中用"Regular Expression"数据类型？

##### 11.4.2 为什么在MongoDB中使用"Object ID"数据类型？

##### [11.4.3 如何在集合中插入一个文档？](11.MongoDB篇/11.4.3%20%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E4%B8%AD%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.4.4 “ObjectID”有哪些部分组成？](11.MongoDB篇/11.4.4%20%E2%80%9CObjectID%E2%80%9D%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.4.5 在MongoDB中什么是索引？](11.MongoDB篇/11.4.5%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDb%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.4.6 如何添加索引？](11.MongoDB篇/11.4.6%20%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.4.7 MongoDB有哪些可替代产品？](11.MongoDB篇/11.4.7%20MongoDB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%8F%AF%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.4.8 如何查询集合中的文档？](11.MongoDB篇/11.4.8%20%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.4.9 用什么方法可以格式化输出结果？](11.MongoDB篇/11.4.9%20%E7%94%A8%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### 11.5.0 如何使用"AND"或"OR"条件循环查询集合中的文档？

##### [11.5.1 在MongoDB中如何更新数据？](11.MongoDB篇/11.5.1%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.5.2 如何删除文档？](11.MongoDB篇/11.5.2%20%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.5.3 在MongoDB中如何排序？](11.MongoDB篇/11.5.3%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.5.4 什么是聚合？](11.MongoDB篇/11.5.4%20%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [11.5.5 在MongoDB中什么是副本集？](11.MongoDB篇/11.5.5%20%E5%9C%A8MongoDB%E4%B8%AD%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### 11.5.6 Mongodb存储特性与内部原理?

Zookeeper篇

---
##### [12.1.0 zookeeper是什么？](12.Zookeeper篇/12.1.0%20zookeeper%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [12.1.1 zookeeper提供了什么？](12.Zookeeper篇/12.1.1%20zookeeper%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E4%BA%86%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [12.1.2 zookeeper文件系统](12.Zookeeper篇/12.1.2%20zookeeper%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F.md)

##### [12.1.3 zookeeper的四种类型的znode](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/12.1.3%20zookeeper%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9B%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84znode.md)

##### [12.1.4 zookeeper通知机制](12.Zookeeper篇/12.1.4%20zookeeper%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6.md)

##### [12.1.5 zookeeper有哪些应用场景？](12.Zookeeper篇/12.1.5%20zookeeper%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [12.1.6 zk的命名服务](12.Zookeeper篇/12.1.6%20zk%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.md)

##### [12.1.7 zk的配置管理服务](12.Zookeeper篇/12.1.7%20zk%E7%9A%84%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1.md)

##### [12.1.8 zk的集群管理](12.Zookeeper篇/12.1.8%20zk%E7%9A%84%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86.md)

##### [12.1.9 zk的分布式锁](12.Zookeeper篇/12.1.9%20zk%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E9%94%81.md)

##### [12.2.0 zk队列管理](12.Zookeeper篇/12.2.0%20zk%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86.md)

##### [12.2.1 zk数据复制](12.Zookeeper篇/12.2.1%20zk%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6.md)

##### [12.2.2 zk的工作原理](12.Zookeeper篇/12.2.2%20zk%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86.md)

##### [12.2.3 zk是如何保证事物的顺序一致性](12.Zookeeper篇/12.2.3%20zk%E6%98%AF%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%81%E4%BA%8B%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%80%E8%87%B4%E6%80%A7.md)

##### [12.2.4 zk集群下server工作状态](12.Zookeeper篇/12.2.4%20zk%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4%E4%B8%8Bserver%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81.md)

##### [12.2.5 zk是如何选举Leader的？](12.Zookeeper篇/12.2.5%20zk%E6%98%AF%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BELeader%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%9F.md)

##### [12.2.6 zk同步流程](12.Zookeeper篇/12.2.6%20zk%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B.md)

##### [12.2.7 分布式通知和协调](12.Zookeeper篇/12.2.7%20%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83.md)

##### [12.2.8 zk的session机制](12.Zookeeper篇/12.2.8%20zk的session机制.md)

其他中大厂700道精选面试题

---
##### [13.1.0 多重继承如何解决？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#307-%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3)

##### [13.1.1 派生类与虚函数概述](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#308-%E6%B4%BE%E7%94%9F%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%8E%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0)

##### [13.1.2 为什么析构函数要定义为虚函数？哪些函数不能是虚函数？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#309-%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%A6%81%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%BA%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E6%98%AF%E8%99%9A%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)

##### [13.1.3 析构函数可以抛出异常吗？为什么不能抛出异常？除了资源泄露，还有其他需考虑的因素吗？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#310-%E6%9E%90%E6%9E%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%8A%9B%E5%87%BA%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E5%90%97%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E4%B8%8D%E8%83%BD%E6%8A%9B%E5%87%BA%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E9%99%A4%E4%BA%86%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%84%E9%9C%B2%E8%BF%98%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E9%9C%80%E8%80%83%E8%99%91%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%A0%E5%90%97)

##### [13.1.4 动态链接库的两种使用方法及特点？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#311%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%A4%E7%A7%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9)

##### [13.1.5 STL各类容器（3个顺序+4个关联+1个无序关联）的实现原理及使用情形](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#312-stl%E5%90%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A83%E4%B8%AA%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F4%E4%B8%AA%E5%85%B3%E8%81%941%E4%B8%AA%E6%97%A0%E5%BA%8F%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E5%8F%8A%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%83%85%E5%BD%A2)

##### [13.1.6 什么是STL？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#313%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AFstl)

##### [13.1.7 什么是智能指针？底层实现？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#314-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%BA%95%E5%B1%82%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0))

##### [13.1.8 多进程与多线程之间的区别？（最好要了解透彻）](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#315-%E5%A4%9A%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E6%9C%80%E5%A5%BD%E8%A6%81%E4%BA%86%E8%A7%A3%E9%80%8F%E5%BD%BB)

##### 13.1.9 [什么是进程池和线程池？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#316-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E6%B1%A0%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E6%B1%A0)

##### [13.2.0 进程间的通信方式有哪些？如何实现的？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#317%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84)

##### [13.2.1 简述inux中的同步与异步机制？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#318-%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0inux%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6)

##### [13.2.2 简述阻塞与非阻塞？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#319%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E%E4%B8%8E%E9%9D%9E%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E)

##### [13.2.3 简述Linux中的5种I/O模式？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#320%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0linux%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%845%E7%A7%8Dio%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F)

##### [13.2.4 什么是死锁？四个死锁的条件？避免死锁的方法？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#321-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%AD%BB%E9%94%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%AA%E6%AD%BB%E9%94%81%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E6%AD%BB%E9%94%81%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)

##### [13.2.5 Linux的任务调度机制是什么？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#322-linux%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88)

##### [13.2.6 标准库函数与系统调用的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#323%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%BA%93%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%8E%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [13.2.7 分别简述三次握手与四次挥手的过程？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#324-%E5%88%86%E5%88%AB%E7%AE%80%E8%BF%B0%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%8F%A1%E6%89%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E6%8C%A5%E6%89%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B)

##### [13.2.8 tcp和udp之间的区别？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#325-tcp%E5%92%8Cudp%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [13.2.9 epoll有哪些触发模式？](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#327-epoll%E6%9C%89%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F)

##### [13.3.1 C和C++的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#329c%E5%92%8Cc%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [13.3.2 C++中指针和引用的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#330c%E4%B8%AD%E6%8C%87%E9%92%88%E5%92%8C%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [13.3.3 结构体struct和共同体union（联合）的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#331%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93struct%E5%92%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93union%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [13.3.4 #define和const的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#332define%E5%92%8Cconst%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [13.3.5 重载overload，覆盖（重写）override，隐藏（重定义）overwrite，这三者之间的区别](https://github.com/0voice/interview_internal_reference/blob/master/2023adding.md#333%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BDoverload%E8%A6%86%E7%9B%96%E9%87%8D%E5%86%99override%E9%9A%90%E8%97%8F%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89overwrite%E8%BF%99%E4%B8%89%E8%80%85%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB)

##### [13.3.6 new、delete、malloc、free之间的关系](https://github

ecosyste.ms

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