https://github.com/Fabien-Chouteau/GESTE

GEneric Sprite and Tile Engine
https://github.com/Fabien-Chouteau/GESTE

Last synced: 14 days ago
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GEneric Sprite and Tile Engine

• Host: GitHub
• URL: https://github.com/Fabien-Chouteau/GESTE
• Owner: Fabien-Chouteau
• License: bsd-3-clause
• Created: 2018-05-06T22:45:53.000Z (over 6 years ago)
• Default Branch: master
• Last Pushed: 2020-01-29T11:58:40.000Z (almost 5 years ago)
• Last Synced: 2024-07-31T20:45:16.404Z (3 months ago)
• Language: Ada
• Size: 8.74 MB
• Stars: 19
• Watchers: 3
• Forks: 3
• Open Issues: 0
• Metadata Files:
  • Readme: README.md
  • License: LICENSE

Awesome Lists containing this project

• awesome-ada - geste - GESTE is a sprite and tile 2D render engine designed to run on micro-controllers. (Hardware and Embedded / Libraries)

README

        
# GESTE

GEneric Sprite and Tile Engine

[![Alire](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://alire.ada.dev/badges/geste.json)](https://alire.ada.dev/crates/geste)

[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/Fabien-Chouteau/GESTE.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/Fabien-Chouteau/GESTE)

[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/Fabien-Chouteau/GESTE/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/Fabien-Chouteau/GESTE)

GESTE is a sprite and tile 2D render engine designed to run on

micro-controllers low performance systems. GESTE also provides a basic math and

physic engine using fixed point arithmetic.







## Creating maps

GESTE is developed in parallel with

[tiled-code-gen](https://github.com/Fabien-Chouteau/tiled-code-gen),

a tool that generates code from the

[Tiled Map Editor](https://www.mapeditor.org/).

## Examples

In this repository you can find three examples of games using `GESTE`. All the

examples are made with `Tiled map editor` and `tiled-code-gen`.

Here is the list of examples:

 - [platformer](examples/platformer)

 - [RPG](examples/RPG)

 - [racing](examples/racing)

You can build and try the examples using [GNAT

Community](https://www.adacore.com/download) (only tested on Linux so far).

## Design

### Layers

In GESTE, a scene is made of layers. Native layers can be `Sprite`, `Grid` or

`Text`. You can implement you own type of layers if you want to.

 - `Sprite` layers display a single tile at a given position

 - `Grid` layers display a grid of tiles at a given position

 - `Text` layers display a text at a given position

Layers have a priority which tells in which order they will be drawn on the

screen.

### Rendering

The rendering algorithm is somewhat similar to ray casting. Instead of taking

each objects of the scene and drawing it on the screen, the engine takes each

pixel and tries to find its color from the different objects of the scene.

For each pixel of the area that is being drawn, GESTE will go through the list

of layers and see if the corresponding pixel inside the layer is transparent or

not. When a non transparent pixel is found, the pixel is pushed to the screen

and the procedure starts again for the next pixel. If all the layers have a

transparent pixel, the background color is used.

![](doc/resources/layers_processing.svg)

The more layers to go through, the more time time it will take to render a

pixel.

### Rendering API

There are three rendering functions in GESTE.

#### Render_Window

`Render_Window` renders all the pixels of a given rectangle window. See above

for the rendering algorithm.

#### Render_Dirty

`Render_Dirty` only renders the pixels that changed since the last render.

Depending on the performance of CPU, the time it takes to update pixels on the

screen or the complexity of the scene, it can take too much time to render the

full screen for every frame.

For those reasons, GESTE is capable of rendering only the objects that changed

since the previous frame. And for those objects, it will try to update the

smallest area possible.

![](doc/resources/selective_rendering.svg)

Right now the engine will simply find the rectangle that fits the old and new

position, and update that rectangle by calling the `Render_Window` function. Of

course this works best if the new position is not too far from the old one,

otherwise the update rectangle will be large.

The layers that changed are called dirty. There are several reasons for a layer

to be dirty, changing position, changing tile of a sprite layer, changing text

of a text layer.

#### Render_All

`Render_All` finds the smallest rectangle that contains all the layers and

calls `Render_Window`.

### Backend (Pushing pixels to the screen)

The rendering functions do not draw directly on the screen, they push pixels

into an array (provided by the caller) and then call a function (provided by

the caller) to send that array of pixel to the screen.

![](doc/resources/window_rendering.svg)

The caller also has to provide a function to set the drawing area,

This mechanism combined with selective rendering (`Render_Dirty`) can be

necessary when the screen is connected via SPI or I2C because it can cost too

much to send the entire screen at one, and also when there's not enough RAM to

hold a frame buffer for the entire screen.

If the rendering is done directly into a frame buffer in RAM, then it is

possible to directly use the frame buffer as pixel buffer for the rendering

functions. In that case, the drawing area will be the entire screen frame

buffer.

You will find examples of backends in this repository.