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https://github.com/IndexFziQ/KMRC-Papers

A list of recent papers regarding knowledge-based machine reading comprehension.
https://github.com/IndexFziQ/KMRC-Papers

knowledge knowledge-base machine-reading-comprehension nlp paper reading-comprehension

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A list of recent papers regarding knowledge-based machine reading comprehension.

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# Papers on Knowledge-based Machine Reading Comprehension.

A list of recent papers about **Knowledge-based Machine Reading Comprehension** (**KMRC**).

Contributed by [Luxi Xing](https://github.com/XingLuxi) and [Yuqiang Xie](https://github.com/IndexFziQ).

Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Update on **Oct. 23, 2019**.

(the current version only contains the works published on the conferences or journals, we will continuously update this list.)

***Because of some mistakes, this version can not be updated. For the latest version, please jump to [KMRC-Research-Archive](https://github.com/XingLuxi/KMRC-Research-Archive).***

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## [Content](#content)

1. [Survey](#survey-papers)
2. [Cloze Style Tasks](#cloze-style-tasks)
3. [Span Extraction Tasks](#span-extraction-tasks)
4. [Multiple Choice Tasks](#multiple-choice-tasks)
5. [Generation Tasks](#generation-tasks)
6. [Datasets](#benchmark-datasets)

## [Survey Papers](#content)

1. **Commonsense Reasoning for Natural Language Understanding: A Survey of Benchmarks, Resources, and Approaches**. 2019. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01172) / [note](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/80883568)]

Authors: *Shane Storks, Qianzi Gao, Joyce Y. Chai*

1. **Neural Machine Reading Comprehension: Methods and Trends**. 2019. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.01118)]

Authors: *Shanshan Liu, Xin Zhang, Sheng Zhang, Hui Wang, Weiming Zhang*

1. **Machine Reading Comprehension: a Literature Review**. 2019. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.01686)]

Authors: *Xin Zhang, An Yang, Sujian Li, Yizhong Wang*

## [Cloze Style Tasks](#content)

| Title | Publish | Tasks | Links |
| :---- | :---: | :---- | :---:|
| Reasoning with Heterogeneous Knowledge for Commonsense Machine Comprehension | ACL
2017 | SCT | [paper](http://aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1216) |
| World Knowledge for Reading Comprehension: Rare Entity Prediction with Hierarchical LSTMs Using External Descriptions | EMNLP
2017 | Rare Entity Prediction | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1086) |
| Knowledgeable Reader: Enhancing Cloze-Style Reading Comprehension with External Commonsense Knowledge | ACL
2018 | Common Nouns | [paper](http://aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1076)
[note](http://xingluxi.github.io/2019/01/09/paper-knreader/) |
| A Multi-Attention based Neural Network with External Knowledge for Story Ending Predicting Task | COLING
2018 | SCT | [paper](http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C18-1149) |
| Incorporating Structured Commonsense Knowledge in Story Completion | AAAI
2018 | SCT | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.00625) |
| Story Ending Prediction by Transferable BERT | IJCAI
2019 | SCT | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07504) |

## [Span Extraction Tasks](#content)

| Title | Publish | Tasks | Links |
| :---- | :---: | :---- | :---:|
| Dynamic Integration of Background Knowledge in Neural NLU Systems | 2018 | SQuAD/
TriviaQA | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.02596.pdf)
[note](http://xingluxi.github.io/2019/03/06/paper-2018-refinewordemb/) |
| Explicit Utilization of General Knowledge in Machine Reading Comprehension | ACL
2019 | SQuAD | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1219)
[note](http://xingluxi.github.io/2019/07/17/paper-acl2019-kar/) |
| Enhancing Pre-Trained Language Representations with Rich Knowledge for Machine Reading Comprehension | ACL
2019 | SQuAD/
ReCoRD | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1226/)
[note](http://xingluxi.github.io/2019/07/29/paper-acl2019-kt-net/) |

## [Multiple Choice Tasks](#content)

| Title | Publish | Tasks | Links |
| :---- | :---: | :---- | :---:|
| Yuanfudao at SemEval-2018 Task 11: Three-way Attention and Relational Knowledge for Commonsense Machine Comprehension | SemEval
2018 | SemEval-2018 Task 11 | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/S18-1120/)
[code](https://github.com/intfloat/commonsense-rc) |
| Improving Question Answering by Commonsense-Based Pre-Training | AAAI
2019 | ARC/
OpenBookQA/
SemEval-2018 Task 11 | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.03568) |
| Improving Machine Reading Comprehension with General Reading Strategies | NAACL
2019 | ARC/ OpenBookQA/ MCTest/
SemEval-2018 Task 11/ SCT/ MultiRC | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N19-1270/)
[code](https://github.com/nlpdata/strategy/) |
| Ranking and Selecting Multi-Hop Knowledge Paths to Better Predict Human Needs | NAACL
2019 | story commonsense | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/papers/N/N19/N19-1368/)
[code](https://github.com/debjitpaul/Multi-Hop-Knowledge-Paths-Human-Needs) |
| Incorporating Relation Knowledge into Commonsense Reading Comprehension with Multi-task Learning | CIKM
2019 | SemEval-2018 Task 11 / SCT | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.04530) |
| Explain Yourself! Leveraging Language Models for Commonsense Reasoning | ACL
2019 | CommonsenseQA | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1487.pdf)
[code](https://github.com/salesforce/cos-e)
[note](http://xingluxi.github.io/2019/07/10/paper-acl2019-cos-e/) |
| Careful Selection of Knowledge to solve Open Book Question Answering | ACL
2019 | OpenBookQA | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10738) |
| Improving Question Answering with External Knowledge | EMNLP
MRQA
2019 | ARC/
OpenBookQA | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.00993.pdf)
[note](http://xingluxi.github.io/2019/08/26/paper-2019-edl-md/) |
| KagNet: Knowledge-Aware Graph Networks for Commonsense Reasoning | EMNLP
2019 | CommonsenseQA | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.02151)
[code](https://github.com/INK-USC/KagNet)
[note](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/81917730) |
| What’s Missing: A Knowledge Gap Guided Approach for Multi-hop Question Answering | EMNLP
2019 | OpenBookQA | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.09253)
[note](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/85852386) |
| BIG MOOD: Relating Transformers to Explicit Commonsense Knowledge | EMNLP
COIN
2019 | MCScripts v2 | [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07713) |

## [Generation Tasks](#content)
Also known as **Free-form Answer Tasks**

| Title | Publish | Tasks | Links |
| :---- | :---: | :---- | :---:|
| Commonsense for Generative Multi-Hop Question Answering Tasks | EMNLP
2018 | NarrativeQA/
WikiHop | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1454/)
[code](https://github.com/yicheng-w/CommonSenseMultiHopQA)
[note](http://xingluxi.github.io/2019/02/21/paper-emnlp2018-mhpgm/) |
| COMET: Commonsense Transformers for Automatic Knowledge Graph Construction | ACL
2019 | Atomic | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05317)
[code](https://github.com/atcbosselut/comet-commonsense)
[note](https://indexfziq.github.io/2019/07/03/COMET/) |
| Incorporating External Knowledge into Machine Reading for Generative Question Answering | EMNLP
2019 | MS MARCO | [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.02745)
[note](http://xingluxi.github.io/2019/10/13/paper-emnlp2019-keag/) |

## [Benchmark Datasets](#content)

1. [**COPA**] Choice of Plausible Alternatives: An Evaluation of Commonsense Causal Reasoning. AAAI,2011. [[paper](http://ict.usc.edu/~gordon/publications/AAAI-SPRING11A.PDF) / [data](http://people.ict.usc.edu/~gordon/copa.html)]

Authors: *Melissa Roemmele, Cosmin Adrian Bejan, Andrew S. Gordon*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. [**WSC**] The Winograd Schema Challenge. AAAI,2011. [[paper](https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/KR/KR12/paper/download/4492/4924) /[data](https://cs.nyu.edu/faculty/davise/papers/WinogradSchemas/WS.html)]

Authors: *Hector J. Levesque, Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

2. [**ROCStories**; **SCT**] A Corpus and Cloze Evaluation for Deeper Understanding of Commonsense Stories. NAACL,2016. [[paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N16-1098/) / [data](https://www.cs.rochester.edu/nlp/rocstories/)]

Authors: *Nasrin Mostafazadeh, Nathanael Chambers, Xiaodong He, Devi Parikh, Dhruv Batra, Lucy Vanderwende, Pushmeet Kohli, James Allen*

* Type: Cloze;

1. [**NarrativeQA**] The NarrativeQA Reading Comprehension Challenge. TACL,2018. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.07040) / [data](https://github.com/deepmind/narrativeqa)]

Authors: *Tomáš Kočiský, Jonathan Schwarz, Phil Blunsom, Chris Dyer, Karl Moritz Hermann, Gábor Melis, Edward Grefenstette*

* Type: Generation;

1. [**SemEval-2018 Task 11**] MCScript: A Novel Dataset for Assessing Machine Comprehension Using Script Knowledge. LERC,2018. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05223) / [data](http://www.sfb1102.uni-saarland.de/?page_id=2582)]

Authors: *Simon Ostermann, Ashutosh Modi, Michael Roth, Stefan Thater, Manfred Pinkal*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. [**story-commonsense**] Modeling Naive Psychology of Characters in Simple Commonsense Stories. ACL,2018. [[paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1213/) / [data](http://uwnlp.github.io/storycommonsense)]

Authors: *Hannah Rashkin, Antoine Bosselut, Maarten Sap, Kevin Knight, Yejin Choi*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. **Event2Mind**: Commonsense Inference on Events, Intents, and Reactions. ACL,2018. [[paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1043/) / [data](https://uwnlp.github.io/event2mind/)]

Authors: *Hannah Rashkin, Maarten Sap, Emily Allaway, Noah A. Smith, Yejin Choi*

* Types: Generation;

1. **ATOMIC**: An Atlas of Machine Commonsense for If-Then Reasoning. AAAI,2019. [[paper](https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~msap/atomic/data/sap2019atomic.pdf) / [data](https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~msap/atomic/)]

Authors: *Maarten Sap, Ronan LeBras, Emily Allaway, Chandra Bhagavatula, Nicholas Lourie, Hannah Rashkin, Brendan Roof, Noah A. Smith, Yejin Choi*

* Types: Generation;

1. [**ARC**] Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge. 2018. [[paper](http://ai2-website.s3.amazonaws.com/publications/AI2ReasoningChallenge2018.pdf) / [data](http://data.allenai.org/arc/)]

Authors: *Peter Clark, Isaac Cowhey, Oren Etzioni, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal, Carissa Schoenick, Oyvind Tafjord*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. [**OpenBookQA**] Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answering. EMNLP,2018. [[paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1260/) / [data](https://leaderboard.allenai.org/open_book_qa)]

Authors: *Todor Mihaylov, Peter Clark, Tushar Khot, Ashish Sabharwal*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. **ReCoRD**: Bridging the Gap between Human and Machine Commonsense Reading Comprehension. 2018. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.12885) / [data](https://sheng-z.github.io/ReCoRD-explorer/)]

Authors: *Sheng Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Jingjing Liu, Jianfeng Gao, Kevin Duh, Benjamin Van Durme*

* Type: Cloze;

1. **CommonsenseQA**: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledge. NAACL,2019. [[paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N19-1421/) / [data](https://www.tau-nlp.org/commonsenseqa)]

Authors: *Alon Talmor, Jonathan Herzig, Nicholas Lourie, Jonathan Berant*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. **ChID**: A Large-scale Chinese IDiom Dataset for Cloze Test. ACL,2019. [[paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1075) / [data](https://github.com/chujiezheng/ChID-Dataset)]

Authors: *Chujie Zheng, Minlie Huang, Aixin Sun*

* Type: Cloze;

1. [**sense-making**] Does it Make Sense? And Why? A Pilot Study for Sense Making and Explanation. ACL,2019. [[paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P19-1393/) / [data]( https://github.com/wangcunxiang/SenMaking-and-Explanation)]

Authors: *Cunxiang Wang, Shuailong Liang, Yue Zhang, Xiaonan Li, Tian Gao*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. **HellaSwag**: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence? ACL,2019. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07830) / [data](https://rowanzellers.com/hellaswag/)]

Authors: *Rowan Zellers, Ari Holtzman, Yonatan Bisk, Ali Farhadi, Yejin Choi*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. **SocialIQA**: Commonsense Reasoning about Social Interactions. EMNLP,2019. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09728) / [data](https://maartensap.github.io/social-iqa/)]

Authors: *Maarten Sap, Hannah Rashkin, Derek Chen, Ronan LeBras, Yejin Choi*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. [**ANLI**] Abductive Commonsense Reasoning. 2019. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.05739) / [data](https://leaderboard.allenai.org/anli/submissions/get-started)]

Authors: *Chandra Bhagavatula, Ronan Le Bras, Chaitanya Malaviya, Keisuke Sakaguchi, Ari Holtzman, Hannah Rashkin, Doug Downey, Scott Wen-tau Yih, Yejin Choi*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

1. **Cosmos QA**: Machine Reading Comprehension with Contextual Commonsense Reasoning. EMNLP,2019. [[paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.00277) / [data](https://wilburone.github.io/cosmos/)]

Authors: *Lifu Huang, Ronan Le Bras, Chandra Bhagavatula, Yejin Choi*

* Type: Multiple-Choice;

Note: *Only consider the benchmark datasets/tasks which require knowledge to complete.*

## Other Paper List About MRC

[thunlp/RCPapers](https://github.com/thunlp/RCPapers)