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https://github.com/International-Data-Spaces-Association/InformationModel

The Information Model of the International Data Spaces implements the IDS reference architecture as an extensible, machine readable and technology independent data model.
https://github.com/International-Data-Spaces-Association/InformationModel

industrial-data-space linked-data ontology owl rdf semantic-web

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The Information Model of the International Data Spaces implements the IDS reference architecture as an extensible, machine readable and technology independent data model.

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# The International Data Spaces (IDS) Information Model



The Information Model is an RDFS/OWL-ontology covering the fundamental concepts of the [International Data Spaces](https://www.internationaldataspaces.org) (IDS), i.e. the types of *digital contents* that are exchanged by *participants* by means of the IDS *infrastructure components*. The ontology and its documentation are published at [https://w3id.org/idsa/core](https://w3id.org/idsa/core). The model development is led by the [Fraunhofer Institutes for Applied Information Technology FIT](https://www.fit.fraunhofer.de/en) and [Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems IAIS](https://www.iais.fraunhofer.de/en) with support by members of the [International Data Spaces Association](https://www.internationaldataspaces.org/) in the context of the *Information Model* sub-working group (SWG4). The group is chaired by [Christoph Lange](https://github.com/clange/) ([Fraunhofer FIT](https://www.fit.fraunhofer.de/)) and [Sebastian Tramp](https://sebastian.tramp.name) ([eccenca GmbH](https://www.eccenca.com)). 



The model development is based on [GitHub](https://github.com/International-Data-Spaces-Association/InformationModel), following a [defined branching model](CONTRIBUTING.md). Contributions and community feedback are maintained via the GitHub [ticketing system](images/Issue_Lifecycle.jpg). The [release process](images/Release_process.jpg) is aligned with the International Data Spaces Association architecture

working group meetings, i.e. there are roughly 2 releases scheduled per year with intermediary updates to the development branch. The current release version is *4.1.0*, with the latest revision *4.1.0*. The Information Model and associated resources published on GitHub are available under the [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/International-Data-Spaces-Association/InformationModel/blob/master/LICENSE).



## Authors and contributors



The Information Model was originally created by 



- Jaroslav Pullmann, [Fraunhofer FIT](https://www.fit.fraunhofer.de/en) now with [Stardog Union](http://www.stardog.com/) – succeeded by Dr. Christoph Lange (current co-chair of the information model sub-working group)

- Dr. Christian Mader, [Fraunhofer IAIS](https://www.iais.fraunhofer.de/en) and

- Dr. Sebastian Tramp, [eccenca GmbH](https://www.eccenca.com) (current co-chair of the information model sub-working group)



with significant contributions, comments and support by (in alphabetical order):



- Haydar Akyürek, [Fraunhofer FIT](https://www.fit.fraunhofer.de/en)

- Sebastian Bader, [Fraunhofer IAIS](https://www.iais.fraunhofer.de/en)

- Matthias Böckmann, [Fraunhofer IAIS](https://www.iais.fraunhofer.de/en) 

- Dr. Sandra Geisler, [Fraunhofer FIT](https://www.fit.fraunhofer.de/en)

- Dr. Anna Kasprzik, [TIB](https://www.tib.eu/en)

- Dr. Christoph Lange, [Fraunhofer FIT](https://www.fit.fraunhofer.de/en) (see above)

- Jörg Langkau, [nicos AG](http://www.nicos-ag.com)

- Johannes Lipp, [Fraunhofer FIT](https://www.fit.fraunhofer.de/en)

- Lina Molinas Comet, [Fraunhofer FIT](https://www.fit.fraunhofer.de/en)

- Andreas W. Müller, [Schaeffler](https://www.schaeffler.de/content.schaeffler.de/en/)

- Dr. Michael Theß, [Signal Cruncher GmbH](https://signal-cruncher.com/)



Likewise, the authors would like to thank numerous colleagues at Fraunhofer, active participants of the [International Data Spaces Association](https://www.internationaldataspaces.org/en/), the members of the W3C [Dataset Exchange Group](https://www.w3.org/2017/dxwg/wiki/Main_Page) and [Data Market Austria](https://datamarket.at/en/) for illuminating conversations and support in shaping the Information Model.



## Directory layout



There are following top-level files and directories:



- `codes`: Code lists of enumerated *literal values* and unique, *singleton concept instances*. Code lists are the preferred way to encode and reference re-usable instances of a homogeneous value range.

- `docs`: Documentation of the latest release of the Information Model and its classes.

- `examples`: Example instances providing a guidance on recommended model usage and best practices.

- `images`: Figures supporting the understanding and documentation of the Information Model

- `metamodel`: Utility models related to annotation and processing of `model` concepts.

- `model`: Core model split into sub-model directories each serving a particular modeling aspect.

- `references`: Versioned sources of relevant 3rd party models used as a reference (informative or effective, i.e. via concept import)

- `taxonomies`: Hierarchical arrangement of concepts (classes) extending a base concept defined by the core `model`.

- `testing`: Test resources (e.g. RDFUnit) used by tools and the build process to ensure the syntactic validity and semantic consistence of the Information Model

- `utils` : Utility scripts used for Information Model development and testing

- `views`: Individual tailored views defined upon the overall model for a particular purpose, e.g. the selection of Glossary terms

- `Ontology.ttl`: Top-level metadata of the Information Model.



## Related resources



Additional resources are provided:



- Latest information about IDS and all related resources: The [IDS-G](https://github.com/International-Data-Spaces-Association/IDS-G)



- Releases are provided in this [GitHub repository](https://github.com/International-Data-Spaces-Association/InformationModel/releases/)



- Overview on IDS Messages, descriptions and attribute explanations: [Message Overview](https://w3id.org/idsa/ids-messages)



- Java representation of the Information Model, a mapping to a POJO domain model with no reference to graph or ontology constructs. 

Instances of the Information Model might such conveniently by created, validated and (de)serialized in a strongly-typed way using 

any common development environment without requiring in-depth knowledge of RDF and related Semantic Web standards. 

The Java Information Model is provided as a single JAR library via the [Maven Repository](https://maven.iais.fraunhofer.de/artifactory/eis-ids-public/)

operated by Fraunhofer [IAIS](https://www.iais.fraunhofer.de/); cf. the [documentation](https://jira.iais.fraunhofer.de/stash/projects/ICTSL/repos/ids-infomodel-demo/):



```xml



    

        snapshots

        maven-snapshots

        https://maven.iais.fraunhofer.de/artifactory/eis-ids-public

    



```



The dependency to the Java representation is as follows (replace ${infomodel.version} with the latest version):

```xml



    de.fraunhofer.iais.eis.ids.infomodel

    java

    ${infomodel.version}



```



For automated validation of the Information Model POJOs (via the builder classes) you can include:

```xml



    de.fraunhofer.iais.eis.ids.infomodel

    validation-serialization-provider

    ${infomodel.version}



```



- UML-based visualization of the Information Model, its classes, properties and relations, including their cardinalities. It is available as part of the Nightly and Release Packages on [GitHub](https://github.com/International-Data-Spaces-Association/InformationModel/releases).



- A high-level conceptual specification is given as a part of the IDS Reference Architecture Model ([current version 3.0](https://www.internationaldataspaces.org/publications/reference-architecture-model-3-0/) of 2019; see section 3.4).



- Webinars

  - IDSA Tech Talk of September 2020, giving a high-level intro to version 4.0: [slides](https://www.internationaldataspaces.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020-09-03-Tech-Talk-Infomodel.pdf), [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1WvJkaHQJ0&feature=emb_title)

  - [Webinar of November 2018, giving a technical overview of the Information Model](https://www.internationaldataspaces.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/IDS-Information-Model.pdf)



For members of the International Data Spaces Association only:

- [Working document](https://industrialdataspace.jiveon.com/docs/DOC-1817), explaining

the usage of the Information Model for data exchanges in the IDS.



## Citation

If you use the Information Model in scientific work, please consider citing:

```

@inproceedings{BaderEtAl:IDS-InfoModel20,

  author   = {Sebastian Bader and Jaroslav Pullmann and Christian Mader and Sebastian Tramp and Christoph Quix and Andreas W. M{\"u}ller and Haydar Aky{\"u}rek and Matthias B{\"o}ckmann and Benedikt T. Imbusch and Johannes Lipp and Sandra Geisler and Christoph Lange},

  title    = {The International Data Spaces Information Model -- An Ontology for Sovereign Exchange of Digital Content},

  doi      = {10.1007/978-3-030-62466-8_12},

  crossref = {iswc2020},

  pages    = {176--192},

  year     = 2020,

}



@Proceedings{iswc2020,

  editor          = {Jeff Z. Pan and Valentina Tamma and Claudia d’Amato and Krzysztof Janowicz and Bo Fu and Axel Polleres and Oshani Seneviratne and Lalana Kagal},

  eventdate       = {2020-11-02/2020-11-06},

  eventtitle      = {19\textsuperscript{th} International Semantic Web Conference},

  eventtitleaddon = {ISWC},

  isbn            = {978-3-030-62465-1},

  number          = {12507},

  publisher       = {Springer Verlag},

  address         = {Cham, Switzerland},

  series          = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},

  booktitle       = {The Semantic Web},

  title           = {The Semantic Web},

  venue           = {Athens, Greece},

  year            = {2020},

}

```