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README 

        
# SPIR-V Tools

[![OpenSSF Scorecard](https://api.securityscorecards.dev/projects/github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/badge)](https://securityscorecards.dev/viewer/?uri=github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools)



NEWS 2023-01-11: Development occurs on the `main` branch.



## Overview



The SPIR-V Tools project provides an API and commands for processing SPIR-V

modules.



The project includes an assembler, binary module parser, disassembler,

validator, and optimizer for SPIR-V. Except for the optimizer, all are based

on a common static library.  The library contains all of the implementation

details, and is used in the standalone tools whilst also enabling integration

into other code bases directly. The optimizer implementation resides in its

own library, which depends on the core library.



The interfaces have stabilized:

We don't anticipate making a breaking change for existing features.



SPIR-V is defined by the Khronos Group Inc.

See the [SPIR-V Registry][spirv-registry] for the SPIR-V specification,

headers, and XML registry.



## Downloads



The official releases for SPIRV-Tools can be found on LunarG's

[SDK download page](https://vulkan.lunarg.com/sdk/home).



For convenience, here are also links to the latest builds (HEAD).

Those are untested automated builds. Those are not official releases, nor

are guaranteed to work. Official releases builds are in the Vulkan SDK.



Linux[![Linux Build Status](https://storage.googleapis.com/spirv-tools/badges/build_status_linux_clang_release.svg)](https://storage.googleapis.com/spirv-tools/badges/build_link_linux_clang_release.html)

MacOS[![MacOS Build Status](https://storage.googleapis.com/spirv-tools/badges/build_status_macos_clang_release.svg)](https://storage.googleapis.com/spirv-tools/badges/build_link_macos_clang_release.html)

Windows[![Windows Build Status](https://storage.googleapis.com/spirv-tools/badges/build_status_windows_release.svg)](https://storage.googleapis.com/spirv-tools/badges/build_link_windows_vs2019_release.html)



[More downloads](docs/downloads.md)



## Versioning SPIRV-Tools



See [`CHANGES`](CHANGES) for a high level summary of recent changes, by version.



SPIRV-Tools project version numbers are of the form `v`*year*`.`*index* and with

an optional `-dev` suffix to indicate work in progress.  For example, the

following versions are ordered from oldest to newest:



* `v2016.0`

* `v2016.1-dev`

* `v2016.1`

* `v2016.2-dev`

* `v2016.2`



Use the `--version` option on each command line tool to see the software

version.  An API call reports the software version as a C-style string.



## Releases



The official releases for SPIRV-Tools can be found on LunarG's

[SDK download page](https://vulkan.lunarg.com/sdk/home).



You can find either the prebuilt, and QA tested binaries, or download the

SDK Config, which lists the commits to use to build the release from scratch.



GitHub releases are deprecated, and we will not publish new releases until

further notice.



## Supported features



### Assembler, binary parser, and disassembler



* Support for SPIR-V 1.0, through 1.5

  * Based on SPIR-V syntax described by JSON grammar files in the

    [SPIRV-Headers](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Headers) repository.

  * Usually, support for a new version of SPIR-V is ready within days after

    publication.

* Support for extended instruction sets:

  * GLSL std450 version 1.0 Rev 3

  * OpenCL version 1.0 Rev 2

* Assembler only does basic syntax checking.  No cross validation of

  IDs or types is performed, except to check literal arguments to

  `OpConstant`, `OpSpecConstant`, and `OpSwitch`.



See [`docs/syntax.md`](docs/syntax.md) for the assembly language syntax.



### Validator



The validator checks validation rules described by the SPIR-V specification.



Khronos recommends that tools that create or transform SPIR-V modules use the

validator to ensure their outputs are valid, and that tools that consume SPIR-V

modules optionally use the validator to protect themselves from bad inputs.

This is especially encouraged for debug and development scenarios.



The validator has one-sided error: it will only return an error when it has

implemented a rule check and the module violates that rule.



The validator is incomplete.

See the [CHANGES](CHANGES) file for reports on completed work, and

the [Validator

sub-project](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/projects/1) for planned

and in-progress work.



*Note*: The validator checks some Universal Limits, from section 2.17 of the SPIR-V spec.

The validator will fail on a module that exceeds those minimum upper bound limits.

The validator has been parameterized to allow larger values, for use when targeting 

a more-than-minimally-capable SPIR-V consumer.



See [`tools/val/val.cpp`](tools/val/val.cpp) or run `spirv-val --help` for the command-line help.



### Optimizer



The optimizer is a collection of code transforms, or "passes".

Transforms are written for a diverse set of reasons:



* To restructure, simplify, or normalize the code for further processing.

* To eliminate undesirable code.

* To improve code quality in some metric such as size or performance.

  **Note**: These transforms are not guaranteed to actually improve any

  given metric. Users should always measure results for their own situation.



As of this writing, there are 67 transforms including examples such as:

* Simplification

  * Strip debug info

  * Strip reflection info

* Specialization Constants

  * Set spec constant default value

  * Freeze spec constant to default value

  * Fold `OpSpecConstantOp` and `OpSpecConstantComposite`

  * Unify constants

  * Eliminate dead constant

* Code Reduction

  * Inline all function calls exhaustively

  * Convert local access chains to inserts/extracts

  * Eliminate local load/store in single block

  * Eliminate local load/store with single store

  * Eliminate local load/store with multiple stores

  * Eliminate local extract from insert

  * Eliminate dead instructions (aggressive)

  * Eliminate dead branches

  * Merge single successor / single predecessor block pairs

  * Eliminate common uniform loads

  * Remove duplicates: Capabilities, extended instruction imports, types, and

    decorations.

* Normalization

  * Compact IDs

  * CFG cleanup

  * Flatten decorations

  * Merge returns

  * Convert AMD-specific instructions to KHR instructions

* Code improvement

  * Conditional constant propagation

  * If-conversion

  * Loop fission

  * Loop fusion

  * Loop-invariant code motion

  * Loop unroll

* Other

  * Graphics robust access

  * Upgrade memory model to VulkanKHR



Additionally, certain sets of transformations have been packaged into

higher-level recipes.  These include:



* Optimization for size (`spirv-opt -Os`)

* Optimization for performance (`spirv-opt -O`)



For the latest list with detailed documentation, please refer to

[`include/spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp`](include/spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp).



For suggestions on using the code reduction options, please refer to this [white paper](https://www.lunarg.com/shader-compiler-technologies/white-paper-spirv-opt/).



### Linker



*Note:* The linker is still under development.



Current features:

* Combine multiple SPIR-V binary modules together.

* Combine into a library (exports are retained) or an executable (no symbols

  are exported).



See the [CHANGES](CHANGES) file for reports on completed work, and the [General

sub-project](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/projects/2) for

planned and in-progress work.



### Reducer



*Note:* The reducer is still under development.



The reducer simplifies and shrinks a SPIR-V module with respect to a

user-supplied *interestingness function*.  For example, given a large

SPIR-V module that cause some SPIR-V compiler to fail with a given

fatal error message, the reducer could be used to look for a smaller

version of the module that causes the compiler to fail with the same

fatal error message.



To suggest an additional capability for the reducer, [file an

issue](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/issues]) with

"Reducer:" as the start of its title.



### Fuzzer



*Note:* The fuzzer is still under development.



The fuzzer applies semantics-preserving transformations to a SPIR-V binary

module, to produce an equivalent module.  The original and transformed modules

should produce essentially identical results when executed on identical inputs:

their results should differ only due to floating-point round-off, if at all.

Significant differences in results can pinpoint bugs in tools that process

SPIR-V binaries, such as miscompilations.  This *metamorphic testing* approach

is similar to the method used by the [GraphicsFuzz

project](https://github.com/google/graphicsfuzz) for fuzzing of GLSL shaders.



To suggest an additional capability for the fuzzer, [file an

issue](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/issues]) with

"Fuzzer:" as the start of its title.



### Diff



*Note:* The diff tool is still under development.



The diff tool takes two SPIR-V files, either in binary or text format and

produces a diff-style comparison between the two.  The instructions between the

src and dst modules are matched as best as the tool can, and output is produced

(in src id-space) that shows which instructions are removed in src, added in dst

or modified between them.  The order of instructions are not retained.



Matching instructions between two SPIR-V modules is not trivial, and thus a

number of heuristics are applied in this tool.  In particular, without debug

information, match functions is nontrivial as they can be reordered.  As such,

this tool is primarily useful to produce the diff of two SPIR-V modules derived

from the same source, for example before and after a modification to the shader,

before and after a transformation, or SPIR-V produced from different tools.



### Extras



* [Utility filters](#utility-filters)

* Build target `spirv-tools-vimsyntax` generates file `spvasm.vim`.

  Copy that file into your `$HOME/.vim/syntax` directory to get SPIR-V assembly syntax

  highlighting in Vim.  This build target is not built by default.



## Contributing



The SPIR-V Tools project is maintained by members of the The Khronos Group Inc.,

and is hosted at https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools.



Consider joining the `[email protected]` mailing list, via

[https://www.khronos.org/spir/spirv-tools-mailing-list/](https://www.khronos.org/spir/spirv-tools-mailing-list/).

The mailing list is used to discuss development plans for the SPIRV-Tools as an open source project.

Once discussion is resolved,

specific work is tracked via issues and sometimes in one of the

[projects][spirv-tools-projects].



(To provide feedback on the SPIR-V _specification_, file an issue on the

[SPIRV-Headers][spirv-headers] GitHub repository.)



See [`docs/projects.md`](docs/projects.md) to see how we use the

[GitHub Project

feature](https://help.github.com/articles/tracking-the-progress-of-your-work-with-projects/)

to organize planned and in-progress work.



Contributions via merge request are welcome. Changes should:

* Be provided under the [Apache 2.0](#license).

* You'll be prompted with a one-time "click-through"

  [Khronos Open Source Contributor License Agreement][spirv-tools-cla]

  (CLA) dialog as part of submitting your pull request or

  other contribution to GitHub.

* Include tests to cover updated functionality.

* C++ code should follow the [Google C++ Style Guide][cpp-style-guide].

* Code should be formatted with `clang-format`.

  [kokoro/check-format/build.sh](kokoro/check-format/build.sh)

  shows how to download it. Note that we currently use

  `clang-format version 5.0.0` for SPIRV-Tools. Settings are defined by

  the included [.clang-format](.clang-format) file.



We intend to maintain a linear history on the GitHub `main` branch.



### Getting the source



Example of getting sources, assuming SPIRV-Tools is configured as a standalone project:



    git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools.git   spirv-tools

    cd spirv-tools



    # Check out sources for dependencies, at versions known to work together,

    # as listed in the DEPS file.

    python3 utils/git-sync-deps



For some kinds of development, you may need the latest sources from the third-party projects:



    git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Headers.git spirv-tools/external/spirv-headers

    git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git          spirv-tools/external/googletest

    git clone https://github.com/google/effcee.git              spirv-tools/external/effcee

    git clone https://github.com/google/re2.git                 spirv-tools/external/re2

    git clone https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp.git          spirv-tools/external/abseil_cpp



#### Dependency on Effcee



Some tests depend on the [Effcee][effcee] library for stateful matching.

Effcee itself depends on [RE2][re2], and RE2 depends on [Abseil][abseil-cpp].



* If SPIRV-Tools is configured as part of a larger project that already uses

  Effcee, then that project should include Effcee before SPIRV-Tools.

* Otherwise, SPIRV-Tools expects Effcee sources to appear in `external/effcee`,

  RE2 sources to appear in `external/re2`, and Abseil sources to appear in 

  `external/abseil_cpp`.



### Source code organization



* `example`: demo code of using SPIRV-Tools APIs

* `external/googletest`: Intended location for the

  [googletest][googletest] sources, not provided

* `external/effcee`: Location of [Effcee][effcee] sources, if the `effcee` library

  is not already configured by an enclosing project.

* `external/re2`: Location of [RE2][re2] sources, if the `re2` library is not already

  configured by an enclosing project.

  (The Effcee project already requires RE2.)

* `external/abseil_cpp`: Location of [Abseil][abseil-cpp] sources, if Abseil is

   not already configured by an enclosing project.

  (The RE2 project already requires Abseil.)

* `include/`: API clients should add this directory to the include search path

* `external/spirv-headers`: Intended location for

  [SPIR-V headers][spirv-headers], not provided

* `include/spirv-tools/libspirv.h`: C API public interface

* `source/`: API implementation

* `test/`: Tests, using the [googletest][googletest] framework

* `tools/`: Command line executables



### Tests



The project contains a number of tests, used to drive development

and ensure correctness.  The tests are written using the

[googletest][googletest] framework.  The `googletest`

source is not provided with this project.  There are two ways to enable

tests:

* If SPIR-V Tools is configured as part of an enclosing project, then the

  enclosing project should configure `googletest` before configuring SPIR-V Tools.

* If SPIR-V Tools is configured as a standalone project, then download the

  `googletest` source into the `/external/googletest` directory before

  configuring and building the project.



## Build



*Note*: Prebuilt binaries are available from the [downloads](docs/downloads.md) page.



First [get the sources](#getting-the-source).

Then build using CMake, Bazel, Android ndk-build, or the Emscripten SDK.



### Build using CMake

You can build the project using [CMake][cmake]:



```sh

cd 

mkdir build && cd build

cmake [-G ] 

```



Once the build files have been generated, build using the appropriate build

command (e.g. `ninja`, `make`, `msbuild`, etc.; this depends on the platform

generator used above), or use your IDE, or use CMake to run the appropriate build

command for you:



```sh

cmake --build . [--config Debug]  # runs `make` or `ninja` or `msbuild` etc.

```



#### Note about the fuzzer



The SPIR-V fuzzer, `spirv-fuzz`, can only be built via CMake, and is disabled by

default. To build it, clone protobuf and use the `SPIRV_BUILD_FUZZER` CMake

option, like so:



```sh

# In  (the SPIRV-Tools repo root):

git clone --depth=1 --branch v3.13.0.1 https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf external/protobuf



# In your build directory:

cmake [-G ]  -DSPIRV_BUILD_FUZZER=ON

cmake --build . --config Debug

```



You can also add `-DSPIRV_ENABLE_LONG_FUZZER_TESTS=ON` to build additional

fuzzer tests.



### Build using Bazel

You can also use [Bazel](https://bazel.build/) to build the project.



```sh

bazel build :all

```



### Build a node.js package using Emscripten



The SPIRV-Tools core library can be built to a WebAssembly [node.js](https://nodejs.org)

module. The resulting `SpirvTools` WebAssembly module only exports methods to

assemble and disassemble SPIR-V modules.



First, make sure you have the [Emscripten SDK](https://emscripten.org).

Then:



```sh

cd 

./source/wasm/build.sh

```



The resulting node package, with JavaScript and TypeScript bindings, is

written to `/out/web`.



Note: This builds the package locally. It does *not* publish it to [npm](https://npmjs.org).



To test the result:



```sh

node ./test/wasm/test.js

```



### Tools you'll need



For building and testing SPIRV-Tools, the following tools should be

installed regardless of your OS:



- [CMake](http://www.cmake.org/): if using CMake for generating compilation

targets, you need to install CMake Version 2.8.12 or later.

- [Python 3](http://www.python.org/): for utility scripts and running the test

suite.

- [Bazel](https://bazel.build/) (optional): if building the source with Bazel,

you need to install Bazel Version 7.0.2 on your machine. Other versions may

also work, but are not verified.

- [Emscripten SDK](https://emscripten.org) (optional): if building the

  WebAssembly module.



SPIRV-Tools is regularly tested with the following compilers:



On Linux

- GCC version 9.3

- Clang version 10.0



On MacOS

- AppleClang 11.0



On Windows

- Visual Studio 2017

- Visual Studio 2019

- Visual Studio 2022



Note: Visual Studio 2017 has incomplete c++17 support. We might stop

testing it soon. Other compilers or later versions may work, but they are not

tested.



### CMake options



The following CMake options are supported:



* `SPIRV_BUILD_FUZZER={ON|OFF}`, default `OFF` - Build the spirv-fuzz tool.

* `SPIRV_COLOR_TERMINAL={ON|OFF}`, default `ON` - Enables color console output.

* `SPIRV_SKIP_TESTS={ON|OFF}`, default `OFF`- Build only the library and

  the command line tools.  This will prevent the tests from being built.

* `SPIRV_SKIP_EXECUTABLES={ON|OFF}`, default `OFF`- Build only the library, not

  the command line tools and tests.

* `SPIRV_USE_SANITIZER=`, default is no sanitizing - On UNIX

  platforms with an appropriate version of `clang` this option enables the use

  of the sanitizers documented [here][clang-sanitizers].

  This should only be used with a debug build.

* `SPIRV_WARN_EVERYTHING={ON|OFF}`, default `OFF` - On UNIX platforms enable

  more strict warnings.  The code might not compile with this option enabled.

  For Clang, enables `-Weverything`.  For GCC, enables `-Wpedantic`.

  See [`CMakeLists.txt`](CMakeLists.txt) for details.

* `SPIRV_WERROR={ON|OFF}`, default `ON` - Forces a compilation error on any

  warnings encountered by enabling the compiler-specific compiler front-end

  option.  No compiler front-end options are enabled when this option is OFF.



Additionally, you can pass additional C preprocessor definitions to SPIRV-Tools

via setting `SPIRV_TOOLS_EXTRA_DEFINITIONS`. For example, by setting it to

`/D_ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL=0` on Windows, you can disable checked iterators and

iterator debugging.



### Android ndk-build



SPIR-V Tools supports building static libraries `libSPIRV-Tools.a` and

`libSPIRV-Tools-opt.a` for Android.  Using the Android NDK r25c or later:



```

cd 



export ANDROID_NDK=/path/to/your/ndk   # NDK r25c or later



mkdir build && cd build

mkdir libs

mkdir app



$ANDROID_NDK/ndk-build -C ../android_test     \

                      NDK_PROJECT_PATH=.      \

                      NDK_LIBS_OUT=`pwd`/libs \

                      NDK_APP_OUT=`pwd`/app

```



### Updating DEPS



Occasionally the entries in [DEPS](DEPS) will need to be updated. This is done on

demand when there is a request to do this, often due to downstream breakages.

To update `DEPS`, run `utils/roll_deps.sh` and confirm that tests pass.

The script requires Chromium's

[`depot_tools`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools).



## Library



### Usage



The internals of the library use C++17 features, and are exposed via both a C

and C++ API.



In order to use the library from an application, the include path should point

to `/include`, which will enable the application to include the

header `/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.h{|pp}` then linking against

the static library in `/source/libSPIRV-Tools.a` or

`/source/SPIRV-Tools.lib`.

For optimization, the header file is

`/include/spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp`, and the static library is

`/source/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.a` or

`/source/SPIRV-Tools-opt.lib`.



* `SPIRV-Tools` CMake target: Creates the static library:

  * `/source/libSPIRV-Tools.a` on Linux and OS X.

  * `/source/libSPIRV-Tools.lib` on Windows.

* `SPIRV-Tools-opt` CMake target: Creates the static library:

  * `/source/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.a` on Linux and OS X.

  * `/source/libSPIRV-Tools-opt.lib` on Windows.



#### Entry points



The interfaces are still under development, and are expected to change.



There are five main entry points into the library in the C interface:



* `spvTextToBinary`: An assembler, translating text to a binary SPIR-V module.

* `spvBinaryToText`: A disassembler, translating a binary SPIR-V module to

  text.

* `spvBinaryParse`: The entry point to a binary parser API.  It issues callbacks

  for the header and each parsed instruction.  The disassembler is implemented

  as a client of `spvBinaryParse`.

* `spvValidate` implements the validator functionality. *Incomplete*

* `spvValidateBinary` implements the validator functionality. *Incomplete*



The C++ interface is comprised of three classes, `SpirvTools`, `Optimizer` and

`Linker`, all in the `spvtools` namespace.

* `SpirvTools` provides `Assemble`, `Disassemble`, and `Validate` methods.

* `Optimizer` provides methods for registering and running optimization passes.

* `Linker` provides methods for combining together multiple binaries.



## Command line tools



Command line tools, which wrap the above library functions, are provided to

assemble or disassemble shader files.  It's a convention to name SPIR-V

assembly and binary files with suffix `.spvasm` and `.spv`, respectively.



### Assembler tool



The assembler reads the assembly language text, and emits the binary form.



The standalone assembler is the executable called `spirv-as`, and is located in

`/tools/spirv-as`.  The functionality of the assembler is implemented

by the `spvTextToBinary` library function.



* `spirv-as` - the standalone assembler

  * `/tools/as`



Use option `-h` to print help.



### Disassembler tool



The disassembler reads the binary form, and emits assembly language text.



The standalone disassembler is the executable called `spirv-dis`, and is located in

`/tools/spirv-dis`. The functionality of the disassembler is implemented

by the `spvBinaryToText` library function.



* `spirv-dis` - the standalone disassembler

  * `/tools/dis`



Use option `-h` to print help.



The output includes syntax colouring when printing to the standard output stream,

on Linux, Windows, and OS X.



### Linker tool



The linker combines multiple SPIR-V binary modules together, resulting in a single

binary module as output.



This is a work in progress.

The linker does not support OpenCL program linking options related to math

flags. (See section 5.6.5.2 in OpenCL 1.2)



* `spirv-link` - the standalone linker

  * `/tools/link`



### Optimizer tool



The optimizer processes a SPIR-V binary module, applying transformations

in the specified order.



This is a work in progress, with initially only few available transformations.



* `spirv-opt` - the standalone optimizer

  * `/tools/opt`



### Validator tool



*Warning:* This functionality is under development, and is incomplete.



The standalone validator is the executable called `spirv-val`, and is located in

`/tools/spirv-val`. The functionality of the validator is implemented

by the `spvValidate` library function.



The validator operates on the binary form.



* `spirv-val` - the standalone validator

  * `/tools/val`



### Reducer tool



The reducer shrinks a SPIR-V binary module, guided by a user-supplied

*interestingness test*.



This is a work in progress, with initially only shrinks a module in a few ways.



* `spirv-reduce` - the standalone reducer

  * `/tools/reduce`



Run `spirv-reduce --help` to see how to specify interestingness.



### Fuzzer tool



The fuzzer transforms a SPIR-V binary module into a semantically-equivalent

SPIR-V binary module by applying transformations in a randomized fashion.



This is a work in progress, with initially only a few semantics-preserving

transformations.



* `spirv-fuzz` - the standalone fuzzer

  * `/tools/fuzz`



Run `spirv-fuzz --help` for a detailed list of options.



### Control flow dumper tool



The control flow dumper prints the control flow graph for a SPIR-V module as a

[GraphViz](http://www.graphviz.org/) graph.



This is experimental.



* `spirv-cfg` - the control flow graph dumper

  * `/tools/cfg`



### Diff tool



*Warning:* This functionality is under development, and is incomplete.



The diff tool produces a diff-style comparison between two SPIR-V modules.



* `spirv-diff` - the standalone diff tool

  * ``/tools/diff`



### Utility filters



* `spirv-lesspipe.sh` - Automatically disassembles `.spv` binary files for the

  `less` program, on compatible systems.  For example, set the `LESSOPEN`

  environment variable as follows, assuming both `spirv-lesspipe.sh` and

  `spirv-dis` are on your executable search path:

  ```

   export LESSOPEN='| spirv-lesspipe.sh "%s"'

  ```

  Then you page through a disassembled module as follows:

  ```

  less foo.spv

  ```

  * The `spirv-lesspipe.sh` script will pass through any extra arguments to

    `spirv-dis`.  So, for example, you can turn off colours and friendly ID

    naming as follows:

    ```

    export LESSOPEN='| spirv-lesspipe.sh "%s" --no-color --raw-id'

    ```



* [vim-spirv](https://github.com/kbenzie/vim-spirv) - A vim plugin which

  supports automatic disassembly of `.spv` files using the `:edit` command and

  assembly using the `:write` command. The plugin also provides additional

  features which include; syntax highlighting; highlighting of all ID's matching

  the ID under the cursor; and highlighting errors where the `Instruction`

  operand of `OpExtInst` is used without an appropriate `OpExtInstImport`.



* `50spirv-tools.el` - Automatically disassembles '.spv' binary files when

  loaded into the emacs text editor, and re-assembles them when saved,

  provided any modifications to the file are valid.  This functionality

  must be explicitly requested by defining the symbol

  SPIRV_TOOLS_INSTALL_EMACS_HELPERS as follows:

  ```

  cmake -DSPIRV_TOOLS_INSTALL_EMACS_HELPERS=true ...

  ```



  In addition, this helper is only installed if the directory /etc/emacs/site-start.d

  exists, which is typically true if emacs is installed on the system.



  Note that symbol IDs are not currently preserved through a load/edit/save operation.

  This may change if the ability is added to spirv-as.



### Tests



Tests are only built when googletest is found.



#### Running test with CMake



Use `ctest -j ` to run all the tests. To run tests using all threads:

```shell

ctest -j$(nproc)

```



To run a single test target, use `ctest [-j ] -R `. For example,

you can run all `opt` tests with:

```shell

ctest -R 'spirv-tools-test_opt'

```



#### Running test with Bazel



Use `bazel test :all` to run all tests. This will run tests in parallel by default.



To run a single test target, specify `:my_test_target` instead of `:all`. Test target

names get printed when you run `bazel test :all`. For example, you can run

`opt_def_use_test` with:



on linux:

```shell

bazel test --cxxopt=-std=c++17 :opt_def_use_test

```



on windows:

```shell

bazel test --cxxopt=/std:c++17 :opt_def_use_test

```



## Future Work




_See the [projects pages](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/projects)

for more information._



### Assembler and disassembler



* The disassembler could emit helpful annotations in comments.  For example:

  * Use variable name information from debug instructions to annotate

    key operations on variables.

  * Show control flow information by annotating `OpLabel` instructions with

    that basic block's predecessors.

* Error messages could be improved.



### Validator



This is a work in progress.



### Linker



* The linker could accept math transformations such as allowing MADs, or other

  math flags passed at linking-time in OpenCL.

* Linkage attributes can not be applied through a group.

* Check decorations of linked functions attributes.

* Remove dead instructions, such as OpName targeting imported symbols.



## Licence



Full license terms are in [LICENSE](LICENSE)

```

Copyright (c) 2015-2016 The Khronos Group Inc.



Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

You may obtain a copy of the License at



    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0



Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

```



[spirv-tools-cla]: https://cla-assistant.io/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools

[spirv-tools-projects]: https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/projects

[spirv-tools-mailing-list]: https://www.khronos.org/spir/spirv-tools-mailing-list

[spirv-registry]: https://www.khronos.org/registry/spir-v/

[spirv-headers]: https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Headers

[googletest]: https://github.com/google/googletest

[googletest-pull-612]: https://github.com/google/googletest/pull/612

[googletest-issue-610]: https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/610

[effcee]: https://github.com/google/effcee

[re2]: https://github.com/google/re2

[abseil-cpp]: https://github.com/abseil/abseil-cpp

[CMake]: https://cmake.org/

[cpp-style-guide]: https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html

[clang-sanitizers]: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/UsersManual.html#controlling-code-generation