Ecosyste.ms: Awesome

An open API service indexing awesome lists of open source software.
Awesome Lists | Featured Topics | Projects
https://github.com/LordNoteworthy/al-khaser

Public malware techniques used in the wild: Virtual Machine, Emulation, Debuggers, Sandbox detection.
https://github.com/LordNoteworthy/al-khaser
anti-analysis anti-debugging anti-disassembly anti-emulation anti-sandbox anti-vm av-bypass code-injection malware sandbox-evasion timing-attacks
Last synced: about 1 month ago
JSON representation
Public malware techniques used in the wild: Virtual Machine, Emulation, Debuggers, Sandbox detection.
Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/LordNoteworthy/al-khaser
Owner: LordNoteworthy
License: gpl-2.0
Created: 2015-11-12T18:35:16.000Z (almost 9 years ago)
Default Branch: master
Last Pushed: 2024-03-18T21:51:23.000Z (6 months ago)
Last Synced: 2024-05-02T00:54:21.648Z (4 months ago)
Topics: anti-analysis, anti-debugging, anti-disassembly, anti-emulation, anti-sandbox, anti-vm, av-bypass, code-injection, malware, sandbox-evasion, timing-attacks
Language: C++
Homepage:
Size: 2.52 MB
Stars: 5,532
Watchers: 238
Forks: 1,133
Open Issues: 37
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Changelog: CHANGELOG.md
- License: LICENSE
Awesome Lists containing this project

awesome-malware-development - Al-Khaser
README

        ## Al-Khaser v0.81

![Logo](https://www.mindmeister.com/files/avatars/0035/8332/original/avatar.jpg)

## Content

- [Introduction](#introduction)

- [Possible uses](#uses)

- [Features](#features)

 - [Anti-debugging attacks](#antidebug)

 - [Anti-Dumping](#antidump)

 - [Timing Attacks](#timingattack)

 - [Human Interaction](#antidump)

 - [Anti-VM](#antivm)

 - [Anti-Disassembly](#antidisassm)

- [Requirements](#requirements)

- [License](#license)

## Introduction

al-khaser is a PoC "malware" application with good intentions that aims to stress your anti-malware system.

It performs a bunch of common malware tricks with the goal of seeing if you stay under the radar.

![Logo](https://i.imgur.com/jEFhsJT.png)

## Download

~~You can download the latest release here: [x86](https://github.com/LordNoteworthy/al-khaser/blob/master/al-khaser_x86.exe?raw=true) | [x64](https://github.com/LordNoteworthy/al-khaser/blob/master/al-khaser_x64.exe?raw=true).~~

**Sorry, binaries have been removed for now as they were triggering Google's Safe Browsing heuristics.**

## Possible uses

- You are making an anti-debug plugin and you want to check its effectiveness.

- You want to ensure that your sandbox solution is hidden enough.

- Or you want to ensure that your malware analysis environment is well hidden.

Please, if you encounter any of the anti-analysis tricks which you have seen in a malware, don't hesitate to contribute.

## Features

### Anti-debugging attacks

- IsDebuggerPresent

- CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent

- Process Environment Block (BeingDebugged)

- Process Environment Block (NtGlobalFlag)

- ProcessHeap (Flags)

- ProcessHeap (ForceFlags)

- Low Fragmentation Heap (LFH)

- NtQueryInformationProcess (ProcessDebugPort)

- NtQueryInformationProcess (ProcessDebugFlags)

- NtQueryInformationProcess (ProcessDebugObject)

- WudfIsAnyDebuggerPresent

- WudfIsKernelDebuggerPresent

- WudfIsUserDebuggerPresent

- NtSetInformationThread (HideThreadFromDebugger)

- NtQueryObject (ObjectTypeInformation)

- NtQueryObject (ObjectAllTypesInformation)

- CloseHanlde (NtClose) Invalide Handle

- SetHandleInformation (Protected Handle)

- UnhandledExceptionFilter

- OutputDebugString (GetLastError())

- Hardware Breakpoints (SEH / GetThreadContext)

- Software Breakpoints (INT3 / 0xCC)

- Memory Breakpoints (PAGE_GUARD)

- Interrupt 0x2d

- Interrupt 1

- Trap Flag

- Parent Process (Explorer.exe)

- SeDebugPrivilege (Csrss.exe)

- NtYieldExecution / SwitchToThread

- TLS callbacks

- Process jobs

- Memory write watching

- Page exception breakpoint detection

- API hook detection (module bounds based)

### Anti-injection

- Enumerate modules with EnumProcessModulesEx (32-bit, 64-bit, and all options)

- Enumerate modules with ToolHelp32  

- Enumerate the process LDR structures with LdrEnumerateLoadedModules

- Enumerate the process LDR structures directly

- Walk memory with GetModuleInformation

- Walk memory for hidden modules

### Anti-Dumping

- Erase PE header from memory

- SizeOfImage

### Timing Attacks [Anti-Sandbox]

- RDTSC (with CPUID to force a VM Exit)

- RDTSC (Locky version with GetProcessHeap & CloseHandle)

- Sleep -> SleepEx -> NtDelayExecution

- Sleep (in a loop a small delay)

- Sleep and check if time was accelerated (GetTickCount)

- SetTimer (Standard Windows Timers)

- timeSetEvent (Multimedia Timers)

- WaitForSingleObject -> WaitForSingleObjectEx -> NtWaitForSingleObject

- WaitForMultipleObjects -> WaitForMultipleObjectsEx -> NtWaitForMultipleObjects

- IcmpSendEcho (CCleaner Malware)

- CreateWaitableTimer

- CreateTimerQueueTimer

- Big crypto loops (todo)

### Human Interaction / Generic [Anti-Sandbox]

- Mouse movement

- File names like `sample.exe` or `sandbox.exe`.

- Total Physical memory (GlobalMemoryStatusEx)

- Disk size using DeviceIoControl (IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO)

- Disk size using GetDiskFreeSpaceEx (TotalNumberOfBytes)

- Mouse (Single click / Double click) (todo)

- DialogBox (todo)

- Scrolling (todo)

- Execution after reboot (todo)

- Count of processors (Win32/Tinba - Win32/Dyre)

- Sandbox known product IDs (todo)

- Color of background pixel (todo)

- Keyboard layout (Win32/Banload) (todo)

- Genuine Windows installation.

- Known Sandbox hostnames and usernames

### Anti-Virtualization / Full-System Emulation

- **Registry key value artifacts**

  - HARDWARE\\DEVICEMAP\\Scsi\\Scsi Port 0\\Scsi Bus 0\\Target Id 0\\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VBOX)

  - HARDWARE\\DEVICEMAP\\Scsi\\Scsi Port 0\\Scsi Bus 0\\Target Id 0\\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (QEMU)

  - HARDWARE\\Description\\System (SystemBiosVersion) (VBOX)

  - HARDWARE\\Description\\System (SystemBiosVersion) (QEMU)

  - HARDWARE\\Description\\System (VideoBiosVersion) (VIRTUALBOX)

  - HARDWARE\\Description\\System (SystemBiosDate) (06/23/99)

  - HARDWARE\\DEVICEMAP\\Scsi\\Scsi Port 0\\Scsi Bus 0\\Target Id 0\\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VMWARE)

  - HARDWARE\\DEVICEMAP\\Scsi\\Scsi Port 1\\Scsi Bus 0\\Target Id 0\\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VMWARE)

  - HARDWARE\\DEVICEMAP\\Scsi\\Scsi Port 2\\Scsi Bus 0\\Target Id 0\\Logical Unit Id 0 (Identifier) (VMWARE)

  - SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Control\\SystemInformation (SystemManufacturer) (VMWARE)

  - SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Control\\SystemInformation (SystemProductName) (VMWARE)

- **Registry Keys artifacts**

  - HARDWARE\\ACPI\\DSDT\\VBOX__ (VBOX)

  - HARDWARE\\ACPI\\FADT\\VBOX__ (VBOX)

  - HARDWARE\\ACPI\\RSDT\\VBOX__ (VBOX)

  - SOFTWARE\\Oracle\\VirtualBox Guest Additions (VBOX)

  - SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Services\\VBoxGuest (VBOX)

  - SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Services\\VBoxMouse (VBOX)

  - SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Services\\VBoxService (VBOX)

  - SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Services\\VBoxSF (VBOX)

  - SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Services\\VBoxVideo (VBOX)

  - SOFTWARE\\VMware, Inc.\\VMware Tools (VMWARE)

  - SOFTWARE\\Wine (WINE)

  - SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Virtual Machine\Guest\Parameters (HYPER-V)

  - SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Disk\\Enum

  - SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Enum\\IDE

  - SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Enum\\SCSI

- **File system artifacts**

  - "system32\\drivers\\VBoxMouse.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\VBoxGuest.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\VBoxSF.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\VBoxVideo.sys"

  - "system32\\vboxdisp.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxhook.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxmrxnp.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxogl.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxoglarrayspu.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxoglcrutil.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxoglerrorspu.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxoglfeedbackspu.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxoglpackspu.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxoglpassthroughspu.dll"

  - "system32\\vboxservice.exe"

  - "system32\\vboxtray.exe"

  - "system32\\VBoxControl.exe"

  - "system32\\drivers\\vmmouse.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\vmhgfs.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\vm3dmp.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\vmci.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\vmhgfs.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\vmmemctl.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\vmmouse.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\vmrawdsk.sys"

  - "system32\\drivers\\vmusbmouse.sys"

- **Directories artifacts**

  - "%PROGRAMFILES%\\oracle\\virtualbox guest additions\\"

  - "%PROGRAMFILES%\\VMWare\\"

- **Memory artifacts**

  - Interupt Descriptor Table (IDT) location

  - Local Descriptor Table (LDT) location

  - Global Descriptor Table (GDT) location

  - Task state segment trick with STR

- **MAC Address**

  - "\x08\x00\x27" (VBOX)

  - "\x00\x05\x69" (VMWARE)

  - "\x00\x0C\x29" (VMWARE)

  - "\x00\x1C\x14" (VMWARE)

  - "\x00\x50\x56" (VMWARE)

  - "\x00\x1C\x42" (Parallels)

  - "\x00\x16\x3E" (Xen)

  - "\x0A\x00\x27" (Hybrid Analysis)

- **Virtual devices**

  - "\\\\.\\VBoxMiniRdrDN"

  - "\\\\.\\VBoxGuest"

  - "\\\\.\\pipe\\VBoxMiniRdDN"

  - "\\\\.\\VBoxTrayIPC"

  - "\\\\.\\pipe\\VBoxTrayIPC")

  - "\\\\.\\HGFS"

  - "\\\\.\\vmci"

- **Hardware Device information**

  - SetupAPI SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo (GUID_DEVCLASS_DISKDRIVE) 

    - QEMU

    - VMWare

    - VBOX

    - VIRTUAL HD

  - Power policies (S1-S4 states, thermal control)

- **System Firmware Tables**

  - SMBIOS string checks (VirtualBox)

  - SMBIOS string checks (VMWare)

  - SMBIOS string checks (Qemu)

  - SMBIOS number of tables (Qemu, VirtualBox)

  - ACPI string checks (VirtualBox)

  - ACPI string checks (VMWare)

  - ACPI string checks (Qemu)

- **Driver Services**

  - VirtualBox

  - VMWare

- **Adapter name**

  - VMWare

- **Windows Class**

  - VBoxTrayToolWndClass

  - VBoxTrayToolWnd

- **Network shares**

  - VirtualBox Shared Folders

- **Processes**

  - vboxservice.exe	(VBOX)

  - vboxtray.exe	(VBOX)

  - vmtoolsd.exe(VMWARE)

  - vmwaretray.exe(VMWARE)

  - vmwareuser(VMWARE)

  - VGAuthService.exe (VMWARE)

  - vmacthlp.exe (VMWARE)

  - vmsrvc.exe(VirtualPC)

  - vmusrvc.exe(VirtualPC)

  - prl_cc.exe(Parallels)

  - prl_tools.exe(Parallels)

  - xenservice.exe(Citrix Xen)

  - qemu-ga.exe (QEMU)

- **WMI**

  - SELECT * FROM Win32_Bios (SerialNumber) (GENERIC)

  - SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity (DeviceId) (VBOX)

  - SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration (MACAddress) (VBOX)

  - SELECT * FROM Win32_NTEventlogFile (VBOX)

  - SELECT * FROM Win32_Processor (NumberOfCores and ProcessorId) (GENERIC)

  - SELECT * FROM Win32_LogicalDisk (Size) (GENERIC)

  - SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem (Model and Manufacturer) (GENERIC)

  - SELECT * FROM MSAcpi_ThermalZoneTemperature CurrentTemperature) (GENERIC)

  - SELECT * FROM Win32_Fan (GENERIC)

- **DLL Exports and Loaded DLLs**

  - avghookx.dll (AVG)

  - avghooka.dll (AVG)

  - snxhk.dll (Avast)

  - kernel32.dll!wine_get_unix_file_nameWine (Wine)

  - sbiedll.dll (Sandboxie)

  - dbghelp.dll (MS debugging support routines)

  - api_log.dll (iDefense Labs)

  - dir_watch.dll (iDefense Labs)

  - pstorec.dll (SunBelt Sandbox)

  - vmcheck.dll (Virtual PC)

  - wpespy.dll (WPE Pro)

  - cmdvrt32.dll (Comodo Container)

  - cmdvrt64.dll (Comodo Container)

- **CPU**

  - Hypervisor presence using (EAX=0x1)

  - Hypervisor vendor using (EAX=0x40000000)

    - "KVMKVMKVM\0\0\0"	(KVM)

      - "Microsoft Hv"(Microsoft Hyper-V or Windows Virtual PC)

      - "VMwareVMware"(VMware)

      - "XenVMMXenVMM"(Xen)

      - "prl hyperv  "( Parallels)

         -"VBoxVBoxVBox"( VirtualBox)

- NtQueryLicenseValue with Kernel-VMDetection-Private as license value.

### Anti-Analysis

- **Processes**

  - OllyDBG / ImmunityDebugger / WinDbg / IDA Pro / X64dbg / Cheat Engine

  - SysInternals Suite Tools (Process Explorer / Process Monitor / Regmon / Filemon, TCPView, Autoruns)

  - Wireshark / Dumpcap / Fiddler / Http Debugger

  - ProcessHacker / SysAnalyzer / HookExplorer / SysInspector

  - ImportREC / PETools / LordPE

  - JoeBox Sandbox

  - Resource Hacker

  - Frida

### Anti-Disassembly

- Jump with constant condition

- Jump instruction with same target

- Impossible disassembly

- Function Pointers

- Return Pointer Abuse

### Macro malware attacks

- Document_Close / Auto_Close.

- Application.RecentFiles.Count 

### Code/DLL Injections techniques

- CreateRemoteThread 

- SetWindowsHooksEx

- NtCreateThreadEx

- RtlCreateUserThread

- APC (QueueUserAPC / NtQueueApcThread)

- RunPE (GetThreadContext / SetThreadContext)

## Authors

- [Mattiwatti](https://github.com/Mattiwatti): Matthijs Lavrijsen

- [gsuberland](https://twitter.com/gsuberland): Graham Sutherland

- [hFireF0x](https://github.com/hfiref0x): hfiref0x

Pull requests welcome. Please read the [Developer Guidelines](https://github.com/LordNoteworthy/al-khaser/wiki/Developer-Guidelines) on our wiki if you wish to contribute to the project.

## References

- An Anti-Reverse Engineering Guide By Josh Jackson.

- Anti-Unpacker Tricks By Peter Ferrie.

- The Art Of Unpacking By Mark Vincent Yason.

- Walied Assar's blog http://waleedassar.blogspot.de/.

- Pafish tool: https://github.com/a0rtega/pafish.

- PafishMacro by JoeSecurity: https://github.com/joesecurity/pafishmacro