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https://github.com/OpenGVLab/MMIU

MMIU: Multimodal Multi-image Understanding for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models
https://github.com/OpenGVLab/MMIU

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MMIU: Multimodal Multi-image Understanding for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models

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# Best Practice

**We strongly recommend using [VLMEevalKit](https://github.com/open-compass/VLMEvalKit) for its useful features and ready-to-use LVLM implementations**.

# MMIU


Quick Start |
HomePage |
arXiv |
Dataset |
Citation

This repository is the official implementation of [MMIU](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02718).

> [MMIU: Multimodal Multi-image Understanding for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02718)
> Fanqing Meng\*, Jin Wang\*, Chuanhao Li\*, Quanfeng Lu, Hao Tian, Jiaqi Liao, Xizhou Zhu, Jifeng Dai, Yu Qiao, Ping Luo, Kaipeng Zhang\#, Wenqi Shao\#
> \* MFQ, WJ and LCH contribute equally.
> \# SWQ ([email protected]) and ZKP ([email protected]) are correponding authors.

## 💡 News

- `2024/08/13`: We have released the codes.

- `2024/08/08`: We have released the dataset at https://huggingface.co/datasets/FanqingM/MMIU-Benchmark 🔥🔥🔥

- `2024/08/05`: The datasets and codes are coming soon! 🔥🔥🔥

- `2024/08/05`: The technical report of [MMIU](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.02718) is released! And check our [project page](https://mmiu-bench.github.io/)! 🔥🔥🔥

## Introduction
Multimodal Multi-image Understanding (MMIU) benchmark, a comprehensive evaluation suite designed to assess LVLMs across a wide range of multi-image tasks. MMIU encompasses 7 types of multi-image relationships, 52 tasks, 77K images, and 11K meticulously curated multiple-choice questions, making it the most extensive benchmark of its kind.
![overview](assets/overview.jpg)

## Evaluation Results Overview
- The closed-source proprietary model GPT-4o from OpenAI has taken a leading position in MMIU, surpassing other models such as InternVL2-pro, InternVL1.5-chat, Claude3.5-Sonnet, and Gemini1.5 flash. Note that the open-source models InternVL2-pro.

- Some powerful LVLMs like InternVL1.5 and GLM4V whose pre-training data do not contain multi-image content even outperform many multi-image models which undergo multi-image supervised fine-tuning (SFT), indicating the strong capacity in single-image understanding is the foundation of multi-image comprehension.
- By comparing performance at the level of image relationships, we conclude that LVLM excels at understanding semantic content in multi-image scenarios but has weaker performance in comprehending temporal and spatial relationships in multi-image contexts.
- The analysis based on the task map reveals that models perform better on high-level understanding tasks such as video captioning which are in-domain tasks, but struggle with 3D perception tasks such as 3D detection and temporal reasoning tasks such as image ordering which are out-of-domain tasks.
- By task learning difficulty analysis, tasks involving ordering, retrieval and massive images cannot be overfitted by simple SFT, suggesting that additional pre-training data or training techniques should be incorporated for improvement.
![taskmap](assets/taskmap.jpg)

## 🏆 Leaderboard

| Rank | Model | Score |
| ---- | ---------------------- | ----- |
| **1** | **GPT4o** | **55.72** |
| 2 | Gemini | 53.41 |
| 3 | Claude3 | 53.38 |
| **4** | **InternVL2** | **50.30** |
| 5 | Mantis | 45.58 |
| 6 | Gemini1.0 | 40.25 |
| 7 | internvl1.5-chat | 37.39 |
| 8 | Llava-interleave | 32.37 |
| 9 | idefics2_8b | 27.80 |
| 10 | glm-4v-9b | 27.02 |
| 11 | deepseek_vl_7b | 24.64 |
| 12 | XComposer2_1.8b | 23.46 |
| 13 | deepseek_vl_1.3b | 23.21 |
| 14 | flamingov2 | 22.26 |
| 15 | llava_next_vicuna_7b | 22.25 |
| 16 | XComposer2 | 21.91 |
| 17 | MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5 | 21.61 |
| 18 | llava_v1.5_7b | 19.19 |
| 19 | sharegpt4v_7b | 18.52 |
| 20 | sharecaptioner | 16.10 |
| 21 | qwen_chat | 15.92 |
| 22 | monkey-chat | 13.74 |
| 23 | idefics_9b_instruct | 12.84 |
| 24 | qwen_base | 5.16 |
| - | Frequency Guess | 31.5 |
| - | Random Guess | 27.4 |

## 🚀 Quick Start

Here, we mainly use the VLMEvalKit framework for testing, with some separate tests as well. Specifically, for multi-image models, we include the following models:

**transformers == 33.0**

- `XComposer2`
- `XComposer2_1.8b`
- `qwen_base`
- `idefics_9b_instruct`
- `qwen_chat`
- `flamingov2`

**transformers == 37.0**
- `deepseek_vl_1.3b`
- `deepseek_vl_7b`

**transformers == 40.0**

- `idefics2_8b`

For single-image models, we include the following:

**transformers == 33.0**

- `sharecaptioner`
- `monkey-chat`

**transformers == 37.0**

- `sharegpt4v_7b`
- `llava_v1.5_7b`
- `glm-4v-9b`

**transformers == 40.0**

- `llava_next_vicuna_7b`
- `MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5`

We use the VLMEvalKit framework for testing. You can refer to the code in `VLMEvalKit/test_models.py`. Additionally, for closed-source models, please replace the following part of the code by following the example here:

```python
response = model.generate(tmp) # tmp = image_paths + [question]
```

For other open-source models, we have provided reference code for `Mantis` and `InternVL1.5-chat`. For `LLava-Interleave`, please refer to the original repository.

## 💐 Acknowledgement

We expressed sincerely gratitude for the projects listed following:
- [VLMEvalKit](https://github.com/open-compass/VLMEvalKit) provides useful out-of-box tools and implements many adavanced LVLMs. Thanks for their selfless dedication.
- The Team of InternVL for apis.

## 📧 Contact
If you have any questions, feel free to contact Fanqing Meng with [email protected]

## 🖊️ Citation
If you feel MMIU useful in your project or research, please kindly use the following BibTeX entry to cite our paper. Thanks!

```
@article{meng2024mmiu,
title={MMIU: Multimodal Multi-image Understanding for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models},
author={Meng, Fanqing and Wang, Jin and Li, Chuanhao and Lu, Quanfeng and Tian, Hao and Liao, Jiaqi and Zhu, Xizhou and Dai, Jifeng and Qiao, Yu and Luo, Ping and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.02718},
year={2024}
}
```