https://github.com/alissonjsb4/stm32-lora-telemetry-relay
Firmware for a dual-node STM32-based LoRa telemetry relay system, featuring DMA-driven UART capture and state-machine validation.
https://github.com/alissonjsb4/stm32-lora-telemetry-relay
academic-project c-language dma embedded-systems firmware hal-library iot lora rf-communication state-machine stm32 stm32wl telemetry uart
Last synced: about 1 month ago
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Firmware for a dual-node STM32-based LoRa telemetry relay system, featuring DMA-driven UART capture and state-machine validation.
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/alissonjsb4/stm32-lora-telemetry-relay
- Owner: alissonjsb4
- Created: 2025-08-06T23:05:51.000Z (2 months ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2025-08-17T03:37:04.000Z (about 2 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-08-17T05:27:11.510Z (about 2 months ago)
- Topics: academic-project, c-language, dma, embedded-systems, firmware, hal-library, iot, lora, rf-communication, state-machine, stm32, stm32wl, telemetry, uart
- Language: C
- Homepage: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alissonjsb4/
- Size: 27.1 MB
- Stars: 1
- Watchers: 0
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
Awesome Lists containing this project
README
# STM32 LoRa Telemetry Relay System
A robust firmware project for a dual-node STM32 NUCLEO-WL55JC1 system designed to capture, validate, and retransmit data from a radiosonde via LoRa for long-range telemetry. This project was developed as a technical study in embedded systems and wireless communication.
## Key Features
- **Robust Hardware Platform:** Utilizes two **STM32 NUCLEO-WL55JC1** development boards, which integrate a powerful microcontroller and a LoRa transceiver on a single chip.
- **Efficient Firmware:** Employs **DMA in circular mode** for non-blocking UART data reception from the radiosonde, freeing up the CPU for other tasks.
- **Reliable Data Parsing:** A **Finite State Machine (FSM)** validates incoming data packets using a `SYNC_WORD` and `checksum` to ensure data integrity before retransmission.
- **Low-Power, Event-Driven Receiver:** The base station is fully interrupt-driven, operating in a low-power sleep mode until a LoRa packet is received, making it highly efficient.
- **Layered Software Architecture:** The firmware is built on STMicroelectronics' **HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer)** and **BSP (Board Support Package)**, ensuring clean, portable, and maintainable code.
## Project Structure
The repository is organized into a clean, modular structure:
```
/
├── README.md
├── src/
│ ├── Field_Node/
│ ├── Base_Station/
│ └── common/
│ └── protocol.h
├── docs/
│ ├── Relatorio_Tecnico.pdf
│ └── images/
└── .gitignore
```
## System Architecture
The system consists of two main nodes that work in tandem:
1. **Node 1: Field Node (Transmitter)**
* Connects directly to a radiosonde via `USART1` (19200 baud) to capture a continuous stream of telemetry data.
* Parses the data stream using an FSM to identify and validate complete data packets.
* Valid packets, verified by a checksum, are transmitted wirelessly using the onboard LoRa radio.
2. **Node 2: Base Station (Receiver)**
* Acts as a LoRa gateway, remaining in a continuous reception mode.
* Upon receiving a valid LoRa packet, it decodes the binary payload into human-readable data.
* Sends the formatted data to a connected PC via a Virtual COM Port (`USART2` at 115200 baud) for real-time monitoring.
## LoRa Communication Parameters
To ensure a robust and long-range communication link, the following LoRa parameters were configured for both nodes:
| Parameter | Value |
|:------------------------|:-----------|
| **Frequency** | 915.0 MHz |
| **Spreading Factor (SF)** | 10 |
| **Bandwidth (BW)** | 125 kHz |
| **Coding Rate (CR)** | 4/8 |
| **Transmission Power** | 22 dBm |
| **Packet Mode** | Fixed Size (Implicit Header) |
## How to Use
1. **Hardware Required:**
* 2x STM32 NUCLEO-WL55JC1 development boards
* 2x 915 MHz Antennas
* A radiosonde or other serial data source (19200 baud)
2. **Setup:**
* Clone this repository.
* Open **STM32CubeIDE** and import the two projects located in `src/Field_Node/` and `src/Base_Station/`.
* Compile both projects.
* Flash the `Field_Node` firmware onto the first board and `Base_Station` onto the second.
3. **Execution:**
* Connect the Field Node to the radiosonde.
* Connect the Base Station to a PC and open a serial terminal (like PuTTY) on the corresponding COM port at 115200 baud to view the received telemetry data.
## Validation & Results
The system was fully tested, demonstrating a successful end-to-end communication link. The following are sample outputs captured from the serial terminals of both nodes during a test run.
**Transmitter (Field Node) Terminal Output:**
```
Checksum OK. Pacote da radiosonda validado.
Transmitindo pacote LoRa ID: 1
LoRa TX Done.
```
**Receiver (Base Station) Terminal Output:**
```
Pacote LoRa Recebido! RSSI: -50 dBm, SNR: 9
---[ PACOTE DE TELEMETRIA DECODIFICADO ]---
ID do Pacote: 1
Latitude: -3.740123
Longitude: -38.570456
Altitude: 50.12 m
Voltagem: 3300 mV
Temp. Radio: 25 C
Status GPS: FIX OK (Satelites: 8)
```
## Future Work & Roadmap
This project serves as a solid foundation for a field-ready telemetry system. Recommended next steps include:
- [ ] **Power Optimization:** Implement the final low-power sleep modes (`SUBGRF_SetSleep`) on the Field Node to maximize battery life.
- [ ] **Data Visualization:** Develop a GUI or logging script on the PC to better visualize, store, and analyze the incoming telemetry data.
- [ ] **Field Testing:** Conduct real-world, open-field range tests to validate the performance and maximum range of the LoRa link.
- [ ] **Bi-directional Communication:** Implement a command system to send configuration messages from the Base Station back to the Field Node.
## Authors
- Alisson Jaime Sales Barros
- Danilo Mota Alencar Filho