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ReCaptcha helpers for ruby apps
https://github.com/ambethia/recaptcha

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ReCaptcha helpers for ruby apps

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# reCAPTCHA

[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/recaptcha.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/rb/recaptcha)



Author:    Jason L Perry (http://ambethia.com)


Copyright: Copyright (c) 2007-2013 Jason L Perry


License:   [MIT](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/MIT/)


Info:      https://github.com/ambethia/recaptcha


Bugs:      https://github.com/ambethia/recaptcha/issues



This gem provides helper methods for the [reCAPTCHA API](https://www.google.com/recaptcha). In your

views you can use the `recaptcha_tags` method to embed the needed javascript, and you can validate

in your controllers with `verify_recaptcha` or `verify_recaptcha!`, which raises an error on

failure.



# Table of Contents

1. [Obtaining a key](#obtaining-a-key)

2. [Rails Installation](#rails-installation)

3. [Sinatra / Rack / Ruby Installation](#sinatra--rack--ruby-installation)

4. [reCAPTCHA V2 API & Usage](#recaptcha-v2-api-and-usage)

  - [`recaptcha_tags`](#recaptcha_tags)

  - [`verify_recaptcha`](#verify_recaptcha)

  - [`invisible_recaptcha_tags`](#invisible_recaptcha_tags)

5. [reCAPTCHA V3 API & Usage](#recaptcha-v3-api-and-usage)

  - [`recaptcha_v3`](#recaptcha_v3)

  - [`verify_recaptcha` (use with v3)](#verify_recaptcha-use-with-v3)

  - [`recaptcha_reply`](#recaptcha_reply)

6. [I18n Support](#i18n-support)

7. [Testing](#testing)

8. [Alternative API Key Setup](#alternative-api-key-setup)



## Obtaining a key



Go to the [reCAPTCHA admin console](https://www.google.com/recaptcha/admin) to obtain a reCAPTCHA API key.



The reCAPTCHA type(s) that you choose for your key will determine which methods to use below.



| reCAPTCHA type                               | Methods to use | Description |

|----------------------------------------------|----------------|-------------|

| v3                                           | [`recaptcha_v3`](#recaptcha_v3)                         | Verify requests with a [score](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/v3#score)

| v2 Checkbox
("I'm not a robot" Checkbox) | [`recaptcha_tags`](#recaptcha_tags)                     | Validate requests with the "I'm not a robot" checkbox |

| v2 Invisible
(Invisible reCAPTCHA badge) | [`invisible_recaptcha_tags`](#invisible_recaptcha_tags) | Validate requests in the background |



Note: You can _only_ use methods that match your key's type. You cannot use v2 methods with a v3

key or use `recaptcha_tags` with a v2 Invisible key, for example. Otherwise you will get an

error like "Invalid key type" or "This site key is not enabled for the invisible captcha."



Note: Enter `localhost` or `127.0.0.1` as the domain if using in development with `localhost:3000`.



## Rails Installation



**If you are having issues with Rails 7, Turbo, and Stimulus, make sure to check [this Wiki page](https://github.com/ambethia/recaptcha/wiki/Recaptcha-with-Turbo-and-Stimulus)!**



```ruby

gem "recaptcha"

```



You can keep keys out of the code base with environment variables or with Rails [secrets](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/Rails/Application.html#method-i-secrets).



In development, you can use the [dotenv](https://github.com/bkeepers/dotenv) gem. (Make sure to add it above `gem 'recaptcha'`.)



See [Alternative API key setup](#alternative-api-key-setup) for more ways to configure or override

keys. See also the

[Configuration](https://www.rubydoc.info/github/ambethia/recaptcha/master/Recaptcha/Configuration)

documentation.



```shell

export RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY   = '6Lc6BAAAAAAAAChqRbQZcn_yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy'

export RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY = '6Lc6BAAAAAAAAKN3DRm6VA_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'

```



If you have an Enterprise API key:



```shell

export RECAPTCHA_ENTERPRISE            = 'true'

export RECAPTCHA_ENTERPRISE_API_KEY    = 'AIzvFyE3TU-g4K_Kozr9F1smEzZSGBVOfLKyupA'

export RECAPTCHA_ENTERPRISE_PROJECT_ID = 'my-project'

```



_note:_ you'll still have to provide `RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY`, which will hold the value of your enterprise recaptcha key id. You will not need to provide a `RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY`, however. 



`RECAPTCHA_ENTERPRISE_API_KEY` is the enterprise key of your Google Cloud Project, which you can generate here: https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials. 



Add `recaptcha_tags` to the forms you want to protect:



```erb

<%= form_for @foo do |f| %>

  # …

  <%= recaptcha_tags %>

  # …

<% end %>

```



Then, add `verify_recaptcha` logic to each form action that you've protected:



```ruby

# app/controllers/users_controller.rb

@user = User.new(params[:user].permit(:name))

if verify_recaptcha(model: @user) && @user.save

  redirect_to @user

else

  render 'new'

end

```

Please note that this setup uses [`reCAPTCHA_v2`](#recaptcha-v2-api-and-usage). For a `recaptcha_v3` use, please refer to [`reCAPTCHA_v3 setup`](#examples).



## Sinatra / Rack / Ruby installation



See [sinatra demo](/demo/sinatra) for details.



 - add `gem 'recaptcha'` to `Gemfile`

 - set env variables

 - `include Recaptcha::Adapters::ViewMethods` where you need `recaptcha_tags`

 - `include Recaptcha::Adapters::ControllerMethods` where you need `verify_recaptcha`



## reCAPTCHA v2 API and Usage



### `recaptcha_tags`



Use this when your key's reCAPTCHA type is "v2 Checkbox".



The following options are available:



| Option              | Description |

|---------------------|-------------|

| `:theme`            | Specify the theme to be used per the API. Available options: `dark` and `light`. (default: `light`) |

| `:ajax`             | Render the dynamic AJAX captcha per the API. (default: `false`) |

| `:site_key`         | Override site API key from configuration |

| `:error`            | Override the error code returned from the reCAPTCHA API (default: `nil`) |

| `:size`             | Specify a size (default: `nil`) |

| `:nonce`            | Optional. Sets nonce attribute for script. Can be generated via `SecureRandom.base64(32)`. (default: `nil`) |

| `:id`               | Specify an html id attribute (default: `nil`) |

| `:callback`         | Optional. Name of success callback function, executed when the user submits a successful response |

| `:expired_callback` | Optional. Name of expiration callback function, executed when the reCAPTCHA response expires and the user needs to re-verify. |

| `:error_callback`   | Optional. Name of error callback function, executed when reCAPTCHA encounters an error (e.g. network connectivity) |

| `:noscript`         | Include `` content (default: `true`)|



[JavaScript resource (api.js) parameters](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/invisible#js_param):



| Option              | Description |

|---------------------|-------------|

| `:onload`           | Optional. The name of your callback function to be executed once all the dependencies have loaded. (See [explicit rendering](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/display#explicit_render)) |

| `:render`           | Optional. Whether to render the widget explicitly. Defaults to `onload`, which will render the widget in the first g-recaptcha tag it finds. (See [explicit rendering](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/display#explicit_render)) |

| `:hl`               | Optional. Forces the widget to render in a specific language. Auto-detects the user's language if unspecified. (See [language codes](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/language)) |

| `:script`           | Alias for `:external_script`. If you do not need to add a script tag by helper you can set the option to `false`. It's necessary when you add a script tag manualy (default: `true`). |

| `:external_script`  | Set to `false` to avoid including a script tag for the external `api.js` resource. Useful when including multiple `recaptcha_tags` on the same page. |

| `:script_async`     | Set to `false` to load the external `api.js` resource synchronously. (default: `true`) |

| `:script_defer`     | Set to `true` to defer loading of external `api.js` until HTML documen has been parsed. (default: `true`) |



Any unrecognized options will be added as attributes on the generated tag.



You can also override the html attributes for the sizes of the generated `textarea` and `iframe`

elements, if CSS isn't your thing. Inspect the [source of `recaptcha_tags`](https://github.com/ambethia/recaptcha/blob/master/lib/recaptcha/helpers.rb)

to see these options.



Note that you cannot submit/verify the same response token more than once or you will get a

`timeout-or-duplicate` error code. If you need reset the captcha and generate a new response token,

then you need to call `grecaptcha.reset()`.



### `verify_recaptcha`



This method returns `true` or `false` after processing the response token from the reCAPTCHA widget.

This is usually called from your controller, as seen [above](#rails-installation).



Passing in the ActiveRecord object via `model: object` is optional. If you pass a `model`—and the

captcha fails to verify—an error will be added to the object for you to use (available as

`object.errors`).



Why isn't this a model validation? Because that violates MVC. You can use it like this, or how ever

you like.



Some of the options available:



| Option                    | Description |

|---------------------------|-------------|

| `:model`                  | Model to set errors.

| `:attribute`              | Model attribute to receive errors. (default: `:base`)

| `:message`                | Custom error message.

| `:secret_key`             | Override the secret API key from the configuration.

| `:enterprise_api_key`     | Override the Enterprise API key from the configuration.

| `:enterprise_project_id ` | Override the Enterprise project ID from the configuration.

| `:timeout`                | The number of seconds to wait for reCAPTCHA servers before give up. (default: `3`)

| `:response`               | Custom response parameter. (default: `params['g-recaptcha-response-data']`)

| `:hostname`               | Expected hostname or a callable that validates the hostname, see [domain validation](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/domain_validation) and [hostname](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/verify#api-response) docs. (default: `nil`, but can be changed by setting `config.hostname`)

| `:env`                    | Current environment. The request to verify will be skipped if the environment is specified in configuration under `skip_verify_env`

| `:json`                   | Boolean; defaults to false; if true, will submit the verification request by POST with the request data in JSON



### `invisible_recaptcha_tags`



Use this when your key's reCAPTCHA type is "v2 Invisible".



For more information, refer to: [Invisible reCAPTCHA](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/invisible).



This is similar to `recaptcha_tags`, with the following additional options that are only available

on `invisible_recaptcha_tags`:



| Option              | Description |

|---------------------|-------------|

| `:ui`               | The type of UI to render for this "invisible" widget. (default: `:button`)
`:button`: Renders a `` tag with `options[:text]` as the button text.
`:invisible`: Renders a `
` tag.
`:input`: Renders a `` tag with `options[:text]` as the button text. |

| `:text`             | The text to show for the button. (default: `"Submit"`)

| `:inline_script`    | If you do not need this helper to add an inline script tag, you can set the option to `false` (default: `true`).



It also accepts most of the options that `recaptcha_tags` accepts, including the following:



| Option              | Description |

|---------------------|-------------|

| `:site_key`         | Override site API key from configuration |

| `:nonce`            | Optional. Sets nonce attribute for script tag. Can be generated via `SecureRandom.base64(32)`. (default: `nil`) |

| `:id`               | Specify an html id attribute (default: `nil`) |

| `:script`           | Same as setting both `:inline_script` and `:external_script`. If you only need one or the other, use `:inline_script` and `:external_script` instead. |

| `:callback`         | Optional. Name of success callback function, executed when the user submits a successful response |

| `:expired_callback` | Optional. Name of expiration callback function, executed when the reCAPTCHA response expires and the user needs to re-verify. |

| `:error_callback`   | Optional. Name of error callback function, executed when reCAPTCHA encounters an error (e.g. network connectivity) |



[JavaScript resource (api.js) parameters](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/invisible#js_param):



| Option              | Description |

|---------------------|-------------|

| `:onload`           | Optional. The name of your callback function to be executed once all the dependencies have loaded. (See [explicit rendering](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/display#explicit_render)) |

| `:render`           | Optional. Whether to render the widget explicitly. Defaults to `onload`, which will render the widget in the first g-recaptcha tag it finds. (See [explicit rendering](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/display#explicit_render)) |

| `:hl`               | Optional. Forces the widget to render in a specific language. Auto-detects the user's language if unspecified. (See [language codes](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/language)) |

| `:external_script`  | Set to `false` to avoid including a script tag for the external `api.js` resource. Useful when including multiple `recaptcha_tags` on the same page. |

| `:script_async`     | Set to `false` to load the external `api.js` resource synchronously. (default: `true`) |

| `:script_defer`     | Set to `false` to defer loading of external `api.js` until HTML documen has been parsed. (default: `true`) |



### With a single form on a page



1. The `invisible_recaptcha_tags` generates a submit button for you.



```erb

<%= form_for @foo do |f| %>

  # ... other tags

  <%= invisible_recaptcha_tags text: 'Submit form' %>

<% end %>

```



Then, add `verify_recaptcha` to your controller as seen [above](#rails-installation).



### With multiple forms on a page



1. You will need a custom callback function, which is called after verification with Google's reCAPTCHA service. This callback function must submit the form. Optionally, `invisible_recaptcha_tags` currently implements a JS function called `invisibleRecaptchaSubmit` that is called when no `callback` is passed. Should you wish to override `invisibleRecaptchaSubmit`, you will need to use `invisible_recaptcha_tags script: false`, see lib/recaptcha/client_helper.rb for details.

2. The `invisible_recaptcha_tags` generates a submit button for you.



```erb

<%= form_for @foo, html: {id: 'invisible-recaptcha-form'} do |f| %>

  # ... other tags

  <%= invisible_recaptcha_tags callback: 'submitInvisibleRecaptchaForm', text: 'Submit form' %>

<% end %>

```



```javascript

// app/assets/javascripts/application.js

var submitInvisibleRecaptchaForm = function () {

  document.getElementById("invisible-recaptcha-form").submit();

};

```



Finally, add `verify_recaptcha` to your controller as seen [above](#rails-installation).



### Programmatically invoke



1. Specify `ui` option



```erb

<%= form_for @foo, html: {id: 'invisible-recaptcha-form'} do |f| %>

  # ... other tags

  

    Submit

  

  <%= invisible_recaptcha_tags ui: :invisible, callback: 'submitInvisibleRecaptchaForm' %>

<% end %>

```



```javascript

// app/assets/javascripts/application.js

document.getElementById('submit-btn').addEventListener('click', function (e) {

  // do some validation

  if(isValid) {

    // call reCAPTCHA check

    grecaptcha.execute();

  }

});



var submitInvisibleRecaptchaForm = function () {

  document.getElementById("invisible-recaptcha-form").submit();

};

```



## reCAPTCHA v3 API and Usage



The main differences from v2 are:

1. you must specify an [action](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/v3#actions) in both frontend and backend

1. you can choose the minimum score required for you to consider the verification a success

   (consider the user a human and not a robot)

1. reCAPTCHA v3 is invisible (except for the reCAPTCHA badge) and will never interrupt your users;

   you have to choose which scores are considered an acceptable risk, and choose what to do (require

   two-factor authentication, show a v3 challenge, etc.) if the score falls below the threshold you

   choose



For more information, refer to the [v3 documentation](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/v3).



### Examples



With v3, you can let all users log in without any intervention at all if their score is above some

threshold, and only show a v2 checkbox recaptcha challenge (fall back to v2) if it is below the

threshold:



This example sets v2 keys through environment variables. For more information on how to set up keys, please refer to the [documentation here](#alternative-api-key-setup).



```bash

# .env

RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY=6Lc6BAAAAAAAAChqRbQZcn_yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy

RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY=6Lc6BAAAAAAAAKN3DRm6VA_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

```



```erb

  …

  <% if @show_checkbox_recaptcha %>

    <%= recaptcha_tags %>

  <% else %>

    <%= recaptcha_v3(action: 'login', site_key: ENV['RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY_V3']) %>

  <% end %>

  …

```



```ruby

# app/controllers/sessions_controller.rb

def create

  success = verify_recaptcha(action: 'login', minimum_score: 0.5, secret_key: ENV['RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY_V3'])

  checkbox_success = verify_recaptcha unless success

  if success || checkbox_success

    # Perform action

  else

    if !success

      @show_checkbox_recaptcha = true

    end

    render 'new'

  end

end

```



(You can also find this [example](demo/rails/app/controllers/v3_captchas_controller.rb) in the demo app.)



Another example:



```erb

<%= form_for @user do |f| %>

  …

  <%= recaptcha_v3(action: 'registration') %>

  …

<% end %>

```



```ruby

# app/controllers/users_controller.rb

def create

  @user = User.new(params[:user].permit(:name))

  recaptcha_valid = verify_recaptcha(model: @user, action: 'registration')

  if recaptcha_valid

    if @user.save

      redirect_to @user

    else

      render 'new'

    end

  else

    # Score is below threshold, so user may be a bot. Show a challenge, require multi-factor

    # authentication, or do something else.

    render 'new'

  end

end

```



### `recaptcha_v3`



Adds an inline script tag that calls `grecaptcha.execute` for the given `site_key` and `action` and

calls the `callback` with the resulting response token. You need to verify this token with

[`verify_recaptcha`](#verify_recaptcha-use-with-v3) in your controller in order to get the

[score](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/v3#score).



By default, this inserts a hidden `` tag. The

value of this input will automatically be set to the response token (by the default callback

function). This lets you include `recaptcha_v3` within a `` tag and have it automatically

submit the token as part of the form submission.



Note: reCAPTCHA actually already adds its own hidden tag, like ``,

immediately ater the reCAPTCHA badge in the bottom right of the page — but since it is not inside of

any `` element, and since it already passes the token to the callback, this hidden `textarea`

isn't helpful to us.



If you need to submit the response token to the server in a different way than via a regular form

submit, such as via [Ajax](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest) or [`fetch`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API),

then you can either:

1. just extract the token out of the hidden `` or `` (both of which will have a

   predictable name/id), like `document.getElementById('g-recaptcha-response-data-my-action').value`, or

2. write and specify a custom `callback` function. You may also want to pass `element: false` if you

   don't have a use for the hidden input element.



Note that you cannot submit/verify the same response token more than once or you

will get a `timeout-or-duplicate` error code. If you need reset the captcha and

generate a new response token, then you need to call `grecaptcha.execute(…)` or

`grecaptcha.enterprise.execute(…)` again. This helper provides a JavaScript

method (for each action) named `executeRecaptchaFor{action}` to make this

easier. That is the same method that is invoked immediately. It simply calls

`grecaptcha.execute` or `grecaptcha.enterprise.execute` again and then calls the

`callback` function with the response token.



You will also get a `timeout-or-duplicate` error if too much time has passed between getting the

response token and verifying it. This can easily happen with large forms that take the user a couple

minutes to complete. Unlike v2, where you can use the `expired-callback` to be notified when the

response expires, v3 appears to provide no such callback. See also

[1](https://github.com/google/recaptcha/issues/281) and

[2](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54437745/recaptcha-v3-how-to-deal-with-expired-token-after-idle).



To deal with this, it is recommended to call the "execute" in your form's submit handler (or

immediately before sending to the server to verify if not using a form) rather than using the

response token that gets generated when the page first loads. The `executeRecaptchaFor{action}`

function mentioned above can be used if you want it to invoke a callback, or the

`executeRecaptchaFor{action}Async` variant if you want a `Promise` that you can `await`. See

[demo/rails/app/views/v3_captchas/index.html.erb](demo/rails/app/views/v3_captchas/index.html.erb)

for an example of this.



This helper is similar to the [`recaptcha_tags`](#recaptcha_tags)/[`invisible_recaptcha_tags`](#invisible_recaptcha_tags) helpers

but only accepts the following options:



| Option              | Description |

|---------------------|-------------|

| `:site_key`         | Override site API key |

| `:action`           | The name of the [reCAPTCHA action](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/v3#actions). Actions are not case-sensitive and may only contain alphanumeric characters, slashes, and underscores, and must not be user-specific. |

| `:nonce`            | Optional. Sets nonce attribute for script. Can be generated via `SecureRandom.base64(32)`. (default: `nil`) |

| `:callback`         | Name of callback function to call with the token. When `element` is `:input`, this defaults to a function named `setInputWithRecaptchaResponseTokenFor#{sanitize_action(action)}` that sets the value of the hidden input to the token. |

| `:id`               | Specify a unique `id` attribute for the `` element if using `element: :input`. (default: `"g-recaptcha-response-data-"` + `action`) |

| `:name`             | Specify a unique `name` attribute for the `` element if using `element: :input`. (default: `g-recaptcha-response-data[action]`) |

| `:script`           | Same as setting both `:inline_script` and `:external_script`. (default: `true`). |

| `:inline_script`    | If `true`, adds an inline script tag that calls `grecaptcha.execute` for the given `site_key` and `action` and calls the `callback` with the resulting response token. Pass `false` if you want to handle calling `grecaptcha.execute` yourself. (default: `true`) |

| `:element`          | The element to render, if any (default: `:input`)
`:input`: Renders a hidden `` tag. The value of this will be set to the response token by the default `setInputWithRecaptchaResponseTokenFor{action}` callback.
`false`: Doesn't render any tag. You'll have to add a custom callback that does something with the token. |

| `:turbo`              | If `true`, calls the js function which executes reCAPTCHA after all the dependencies have been loaded. This cannot be used with the js param `:onload`. This makes reCAPTCHAv3 usable with turbo. |

| `:turbolinks`         | Alias of `:turbo`. Will be deprecated soon. |

| `:ignore_no_element`  | If `true`, adds null element checker for forms that can be removed from the page by javascript like modals with forms. (default: true) |



[JavaScript resource (api.js) parameters](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/invisible#js_param):



| Option              | Description |

|---------------------|-------------|

| `:onload`           | Optional. The name of your callback function to be executed once all the dependencies have loaded. (See [explicit rendering](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/display#explicit_render))|

| `:external_script`  | Set to `false` to avoid including a script tag for the external `api.js` resource. Useful when including multiple `recaptcha_tags` on the same page.

| `:script_async`     | Set to `true` to load the external `api.js` resource asynchronously. (default: `false`) |

| `:script_defer`     | Set to `true` to defer loading of external `api.js` until HTML documen has been parsed. (default: `false`) |



If using `element: :input`, any unrecognized options will be added as attributes on the generated

`` element.



### `verify_recaptcha` (use with v3)



This works the same as for v2, except that you may pass an `action` and `minimum_score` if you wish

to validate that the action matches or that the score is above the given threshold, respectively.



```ruby

result = verify_recaptcha(action: 'action/name')

```



| Option           | Description |

|------------------|-------------|

| `:action`        | The name of the [reCAPTCHA action](https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/v3#actions) that we are verifying. Set to `false` or `nil` to skip verifying that the action matches.

| `:minimum_score` | Provide a threshold to meet or exceed. Threshold should be a float between 0 and 1 which will be tested as `score >= minimum_score`. (Default: `nil`) |



### Multiple actions on the same page



According to https://developers.google.com/recaptcha/docs/v3#placement,



> Note: You can execute reCAPTCHA as many times as you'd like with different actions on the same page.



You will need to verify each action individually with a separate call to `verify_recaptcha`.



```ruby

result_a = verify_recaptcha(action: 'a')

result_b = verify_recaptcha(action: 'b')

```



Because the response tokens for multiple actions may be submitted together in the same request, they

are passed as a hash under `params['g-recaptcha-response-data']` with the action as the key.



It is recommended to pass `external_script: false` on all but one of the calls to

`recaptcha` since you only need to include the script tag once for a given `site_key`.



## `recaptcha_reply`



After `verify_recaptcha` has been called, you can call `recaptcha_reply` to get the raw reply from recaptcha. This can allow you to get the exact score returned by recaptcha should you need it.



```ruby

if verify_recaptcha(action: 'login')

  redirect_to @user

else

  score = recaptcha_reply['score']

  Rails.logger.warn("User #{@user.id} was denied login because of a recaptcha score of #{score}")

  render 'new'

end

```



`recaptcha_reply` will return `nil` if the the reply was not yet fetched.



## I18n support



reCAPTCHA supports the I18n gem (it comes with English translations)

To override or add new languages, add to `config/locales/*.yml`



```yaml

# config/locales/en.yml

en:

  recaptcha:

    errors:

      verification_failed: 'reCAPTCHA was incorrect, please try again.'

      recaptcha_unreachable: 'reCAPTCHA verification server error, please try again.'

```



## Testing



By default, reCAPTCHA is skipped in "test" and "cucumber" env. To enable it during test:



```ruby

Recaptcha.configuration.skip_verify_env.delete("test")

```



## Alternative API key setup



### Recaptcha.configure



```ruby

# config/initializers/recaptcha.rb

Recaptcha.configure do |config|

  config.site_key  = '6Lc6BAAAAAAAAChqRbQZcn_yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy'

  config.secret_key = '6Lc6BAAAAAAAAKN3DRm6VA_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'



  # Uncomment the following line if you are using a proxy server:

  # config.proxy = 'http://myproxy.com.au:8080'



  # Uncomment the following lines if you are using the Enterprise API:

  # config.enterprise = true

  # config.enterprise_api_key = 'AIzvFyE3TU-g4K_Kozr9F1smEzZSGBVOfLKyupA'

  # config.enterprise_project_id = 'my-project'

end

```



### Recaptcha.with_configuration



For temporary overwrites (not thread-safe).



```ruby

Recaptcha.with_configuration(site_key: '12345') do

  # Do stuff with the overwritten site_key.

end

```



### Per call



Pass in keys as options at runtime, for code base with multiple reCAPTCHA setups:



```ruby

recaptcha_tags site_key: '6Lc6BAAAAAAAAChqRbQZcn_yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy'



# and



verify_recaptcha secret_key: '6Lc6BAAAAAAAAKN3DRm6VA_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'

```



## hCaptcha support



[hCaptcha](https://hcaptcha.com) is an alternative service providing reCAPTCHA API.



To use hCaptcha:

1. Set a site and a secret key as usual

2. Set two options in `verify_url` and `api_service_url` pointing to hCaptcha API endpoints.

3. Disable a response limit check by setting a `response_limit` to the large enough value (reCAPTCHA is limited by 4000 characters).

4. It is not required to change a parameter name as [official docs suggest](https://docs.hcaptcha.com/switch) because API handles standard `g-recaptcha` for compatibility.



```ruby

# config/initializers/recaptcha.rb

Recaptcha.configure do |config|

  config.site_key  = '6Lc6BAAAAAAAAChqRbQZcn_yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy'

  config.secret_key = '6Lc6BAAAAAAAAKN3DRm6VA_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx'

  config.verify_url = 'https://hcaptcha.com/siteverify'

  config.api_server_url = 'https://hcaptcha.com/1/api.js'

  config.response_limit = 100000

end

```



hCaptcha uses a scoring system (higher number more likely to be a bot) which is inverse of the reCaptcha scoring system (lower number more likely to be a bot). As such, a `maximum_score` attribute is provided for use with hCaptcha.



```ruby

result = verify_recaptcha(maximum_score: 0.7)

```



| Option           | Description |

|------------------|-------------|

| `:maximum_score` | Provide a threshold to meet or fall below. Threshold should be a float between 0 and 1 which will be tested as `score <= maximum_score`. (Default: `nil`) |



## Misc

 - Check out the [wiki](https://github.com/ambethia/recaptcha/wiki) and leave whatever you found valuable there.

 - [Add multiple widgets to the same page](https://github.com/ambethia/recaptcha/wiki/Add-multiple-widgets-to-the-same-page)

 - [Use Recaptcha with Devise](https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/wiki/How-To:-Use-Recaptcha-with-Devise)