https://github.com/arec1b0/blockchain-on-java
A Java-based blockchain implementation featuring Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanisms.
https://github.com/arec1b0/blockchain-on-java
blockchain cryptography decentralized java proof-of-stake proof-of-work
Last synced: 6 months ago
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A Java-based blockchain implementation featuring Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanisms.
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/arec1b0/blockchain-on-java
- Owner: arec1b0
- License: mit
- Created: 2024-07-12T23:35:40.000Z (about 1 year ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2024-09-10T00:09:20.000Z (about 1 year ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-03-20T23:33:59.133Z (7 months ago)
- Topics: blockchain, cryptography, decentralized, java, proof-of-stake, proof-of-work
- Language: Java
- Homepage: https://github.com/dkrizhanovskyi/blockchain-on-java
- Size: 32.2 KB
- Stars: 0
- Watchers: 1
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
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README
# Blockchain-on-Java
### Version: 1.1.0
**Author**: Daniil Krizhanovskiyi
**Date**: September 2024
## Project Overview
Blockchain-on-Java is a basic blockchain system built using Java. The project supports two consensus algorithms: **Proof of Work (PoW)** and **Proof of Stake (PoS)**. The blockchain is decentralized, allowing multiple nodes to communicate through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, propagate blocks, and process transactions securely.
---
## Project Structure
The project follows a modular architecture adhering to **SOLID** principles for maintainability and scalability.
```bash
blockchain-on-java
├── pom.xml # Maven configuration file
├── README.md # Project documentation
├── src
│ ├── main
│ │ └── java
│ │ └── com
│ │ └── example
│ │ └── blockchain
│ │ ├── blockchain
│ │ │ ├── Block.java # Core blockchain block class
│ │ │ ├── Blockchain.java # Blockchain management class
│ │ ├── consensus
│ │ │ ├── Consensus.java # Consensus algorithm interface
│ │ │ ├── PoWConsensus.java # Proof of Work consensus implementation
│ │ │ ├── PoSConsensus.java # Proof of Stake consensus implementation
│ │ ├── cryptography
│ │ │ ├── CryptoUtil.java # Utility for cryptographic functions (signing, hashing)
│ │ │ ├── StringUtil.java # SHA-256 hashing utility
│ │ ├── network
│ │ │ ├── Node.java # Peer-to-peer node implementation
│ │ │ ├── P2PNetwork.java # Network management for nodes
│ │ ├── transactions
│ │ │ ├── Transaction.java # Transaction representation
│ └── test
│ └── java
│ └── com
│ └── blockchain
│ ├── BlockTest.java # Unit tests for the Block class
│ ├── BlockchainTest.java # Unit tests for the Blockchain class
│ ├── ConsensusTest.java # Unit tests for PoW and PoS consensus mechanisms
│ ├── TransactionTest.java # Unit tests for the Transaction class
```
---
## Core Components
### 1. **Blockchain**
The `Blockchain.java` class manages the blockchain, which includes adding blocks, validating the chain's integrity, and mining blocks according to the consensus algorithm in use.
### 2. **Block**
The `Block.java` class represents a block in the blockchain. It contains:
- A list of transactions.
- A timestamp.
- A nonce for mining.
- A hash generated using **SHA-256**.
### 3. **Transactions**
The `Transaction.java` class represents a transaction between two entities in the blockchain. It includes:
- **Sender**: The sender's address.
- **Recipient**: The recipient's address.
- **Amount**: The value being transferred.
---
## Consensus Mechanisms
### 1. **Proof of Work (PoW)**
`PoWConsensus.java` implements the Proof of Work algorithm. Miners must solve a cryptographic puzzle to create a new block by finding a nonce that satisfies the block's hash difficulty.
### 2. **Proof of Stake (PoS)**
`PoSConsensus.java` implements the Proof of Stake algorithm, where validators are selected to mine blocks based on the amount of cryptocurrency they hold (their stake).
---
## Cryptography
### 1. **SHA-256 Hashing**
`StringUtil.java` provides SHA-256 hashing functionality used to generate block and transaction hashes.
### 2. **Digital Signatures**
`CryptoUtil.java` implements digital signatures using RSA, allowing transactions to be securely signed by the sender and verified by others.
---
## Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network
### 1. **Node**
`Node.java` represents a node in the blockchain's P2P network. Nodes can:
- Connect to peer nodes.
- Broadcast transactions and blocks.
- Receive transactions and blocks from other nodes.
### 2. **P2PNetwork**
`P2PNetwork.java` manages the decentralized network of nodes, allowing them to communicate and synchronize the blockchain.
---
## Installation and Setup
### 1. **Prerequisites**
- **Java 17** or later
- **Maven** for dependency management
### 2. **Build the Project**
To build the project, run the following command:
```bash
mvn clean install
```
### 3. **Run the Application**
To run the blockchain simulation, navigate to `Blockchain.java` in the `src/main/java/com/example/blockchain/blockchain/` directory and execute it.
---
## Running Tests
The project includes comprehensive unit tests to ensure correctness. Tests cover blockchain functionality, consensus mechanisms, transaction handling, and networking.
To run the tests:
```bash
mvn test
```
---
## Future Enhancements
### 1. **Smart Contracts**
Implement smart contracts on top of the blockchain for automated execution of agreements.
### 2. **Scalability**
Introduce Layer-2 solutions, such as sharding, to improve the scalability of the blockchain.
### 3. **Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP)**
Add ZKPs to improve privacy and allow for the validation of transactions without revealing details.
---
## Conclusion
Blockchain-on-Java is a foundational project designed to demonstrate core blockchain principles. It can be extended with advanced features such as smart contracts, dynamic consensus adjustments, and improved cryptography to support real-world use cases.
---
## License
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.