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https://github.com/aurelienperez/fair-valuation-illiquid-assets

Utility indifference pricing in incomplete markets.
https://github.com/aurelienperez/fair-valuation-illiquid-assets

actuarial-science hamilton-jacobi-bellman incomplete-markets quantitative-finance utility-theory

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Utility indifference pricing in incomplete markets.

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# 📘 Valuation of Employee Stock Options in Unlisted Companies (IFRS 2)

This repository contains my **actuarial thesis** on the fair valuation of employee stock options in unlisted companies, in compliance with the **IFRS 2** standard. The thesis explores the impact of illiquidity on valuation and introduces an alternative approach based on **utility indifference pricing**.

📄 **Thesis (📌 in French) :** [Download PDF](Actuarial_Thesis.pdf)
📝 **Keywords:** Employee stock ownership, unlisted companies, illiquidity, IFRS 2, utility indifference pricing, Lambert-Monte-Carlo.

## 📌 Abstract
Employee stock options in unlisted companies pose a significant valuation challenge due to the lack of liquidity. Standard models such as **Black-Scholes** fail to account for this illiquidity, leading to theoretical inconsistencies.
This thesis introduces a **utility-based pricing framework** to estimate an **indifference price**, leveraging **nested Monte Carlo simulations**. Numerical experiments compare this approach with classical valuation methods.