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https://github.com/bineet-ratna-shakya/database-management-for-e-commerce.

The project covers the entire lifecycle from initial entity identification and normalization to SQL implementation and querying.
https://github.com/bineet-ratna-shakya/database-management-for-e-commerce.

database erd normalization oracle-database sql

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The project covers the entire lifecycle from initial entity identification and normalization to SQL implementation and querying.

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README 

        
# Optimized Database Management for E-Commerce Platforms



## Project Overview

This project is focused on the design and implementation of a robust database management system for an e-commerce platform, specifically for Gadget Emporium. The project covers the entire lifecycle from initial entity identification and normalization to SQL implementation and querying.



## Table of Contents

1. [Introduction](#introduction)

2. [Business Activities and Objectives](#business-activities-and-objectives)

3. [Business Rules](#business-rules)

4. [Entities and Attributes](#entities-and-attributes)

5. [Normalization](#normalization)

6. [Entity Relationship Diagram](#entity-relationship-diagram)

7. [Implementation](#implementation)

8. [Database Querying](#database-querying)

9. [Critical Evaluation](#critical-evaluation)

10. [Conclusion](#conclusion)

11. [Additional Insights](#additional-insights)



## Introduction

Embarking on the dynamic landscape of e-commerce, Gadget Emporium, under the wise leadership of Mr. John, aims to redefine the online marketplace for electronic devices and accessories. A robust database system is paramount in facilitating seamless customer interactions, product management, and order fulfillment.



## Business Activities and Objectives

### Activities

- Negotiate purchase contracts and obtain competitive pricing.

- Manage vendor relationships and ensure timely deliveries.

- Maintain accurate inventory levels of products.

- Process customer orders efficiently.

- Provide excellent customer service and address inquiries promptly.

- Segment customers into categories for targeted marketing and promotions.

- Analyze customer data to understand purchasing patterns and preferences.

- Offer secure and convenient payment options for customers.

- Integrate payment gateways to ensure smooth transactions.

- Monitor product stock levels and forecast future demand.

- Optimize inventory allocation to avoid overstocking or understocking.

- Implement inventory control measures to minimize losses and shrinkage.

- Analyze sales data to inform product stocking decisions.



### Objectives

- Optimize product mix and pricing strategies to maximize revenue.

- Minimize operational costs through efficient inventory management.

- Grow customer base and increase purchases.

- Offer high-quality products and exceptional customer service.

- Personalize marketing and promotions based on customer preferences.

- Resolve customer issues efficiently and effectively.

- Implement inventory management strategies for optimal stock levels.

- Adapt and evolve business operations to respond to market changes.



## Business Rules

- Discount rates are allocated based on the customer’s category.

- Multiple products can exist within a single order.

- Each product is linked with one vendor while a vendor can supply multiple products.

- Customers are separated into three tiers: Regular, Staff, and VIP.

- Payment options include cash on delivery, credit/debit cards, e-wallets, and others to offer flexibility to customers.

- The system provides accurate and timely insights into product availability, minimizing stockouts and preventing overselling.



## Entities and Attributes

### Product Table

- **Product Id**: NUMBER(38)

- **Product Name**: VARCHAR2(255)

- **Price**: NUMBER(38)

- **Description**: VARCHAR(255)

- **Stock Quantity**: NUMBER(38)



### Order Table

- **Order ID**: NUMBER(38)

- **Order Date**: DATE

- **Discount Percent**: NUMBER(28)

- **Total Amount**: NUMBER(38)

- **Payment Method**: VARCHAR2(20)



### Customer Table

- **Customer ID**: NUMBER(38)

- **Customer Name**: VARCHAR2(30)

- **Customer Category**: VARCHAR2(255)

- **Address**: VARCHAR2(50)

- **Email**: VARCHAR(255)



### Vendor Table

- **Vendor ID**: NUMBER(38)

- **Vendor Name**: VARCHAR2(255)

- **Phone Number**: NUMBER(38)

- **Email Address**: VARCHAR(255)



## Normalization

### First Normal Form (1NF)

Ensures each attribute holds only atomic values, eliminating repeating groups.



### Second Normal Form (2NF)

Eliminates partial dependencies on the primary key, ensuring all non-prime attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key.



### Third Normal Form (3NF)

Removes transitive dependencies, ensuring that all attributes are only dependent on the primary key.



## Entity Relationship Diagram

### Initial ERD

An initial structured model for managing customers, vendors, products, and orders, capturing key relationships and attributes for further data organization and analysis.



### Final ERD

A refined ERD post-normalization to ensure optimized data integrity and organization.



## Implementation

### SQL Queries

The fundamental role of Structured Query Language (SQL) in database management includes creating users, tables, and inserting values into tables.



### Sample Queries

- **Creating User**: `CREATE USER ...`

- **Table Creation**: `CREATE TABLE ...`

- **Inserting Values**: `INSERT INTO ...`



## Database Querying

### Information Queries

- Retrieve specific data such as customer orders, product details, etc.



### Transaction Queries

- Handle complex transactions ensuring data integrity and consistency.



## Critical Evaluation

### Module Evaluation

Usage and subject relations critically evaluated to ensure the database meets all business requirements and optimizes operations.



### Performance and Improvements

Discusses potential improvements and performance evaluations based on real-world application.



## Conclusion

A comprehensive database management system is essential for the efficient operation of an e-commerce platform, facilitating seamless customer interactions, product management, and order fulfillment. This project showcases the importance of proper database design, normalization, and SQL implementation in achieving these goals.



## Additional Insights

### Scalability

The database is designed to be scalable, accommodating future growth in terms of customers, products, and transactions.



### Security

Emphasizes the importance of database security measures such as user authentication, data encryption, and secure payment gateways.



### Future Enhancements

Potential future enhancements include implementing advanced analytics for better decision-making, integrating AI for personalized customer experiences, and adopting cloud-based solutions for better scalability and performance.



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