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https://github.com/codewithmide/alx-low_level_programming

C-Programming
https://github.com/codewithmide/alx-low_level_programming

c programming-language

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C-Programming

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README 

        
# C-programming



## Resources

### Read or watch:



- [Everything you need to know to start with C.pdf](https://s3.amazonaws.com/alx-intranet.hbtn.io/uploads/misc/2022/4/e0ccf91eec6b977a9e00ed384dc285df9c2772e3.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIARDDGGGOUSBVO6H7D%2F20220711%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20220711T150433Z&X-Amz-Expires=86400&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=39969a922944bcb395eb189e352a30553e2335c82975e34891471b9f95658c81)

- [Dennis Ritchie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie)

- [“C” Programming Language: Brian Kernighan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=de2Hsvxaf8M)

- [Why C Programming Is Awesome](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smGalmxPVYc)

- [Learning to program in C part 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rk2fK2IIiiQ)

- [Learning to program in C part 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwpP_MsZWn)

- [Understanding C program Compilation Process](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDslRumKvRA)

- [Betty Coding Style](https://github.com/holbertonschool/Betty/wiki)

- [Hash-bang under the hood (Look at only after you finish consuming the other resources)](https://twitter.com/unix_byte/status/1024147947393495040?s=21)

- [Linus Torvalds on C vs. C++ (Look at only after you finish consuming the other resources)](http://harmful.cat-v.org/software/c++/linus)

- [Keywords and identifiers](https://publications.gbdirect.co.uk//c_book/chapter2/keywords_and_identifiers.html)

- [integers](https://publications.gbdirect.co.uk//c_book/chapter2/integral_types.html)

- [Arithmetic Operators in C](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_arithmetic_operators.htm)

- [If statements in C](https://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/c/lesson2.html)

- [if…else statement](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/if_else_statement_in_c.htm)

- [Relational operators](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_relational_operators.htm)

- [Logical operators](https://fresh2refresh.com/c-programming/c-operators-expressions/c-logical-operators/)

- [while loop in C](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_while_loop.htm)

- [While loop](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ju1LYO9pkaI)

- [Nested while loops](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3iGeQ1gIss)

- [C - Functions](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_functions.htm)

- [Learning to Program in C (Part 06) (stop at 14:00)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMlnFwYdqIw)

- [What is the purpose of a function prototype?](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-the-purpose-of-a-function-prototype/)

- [C - Header Files (stop before the “Once-Only Headers” paragraph)](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_header_files.htm)

- [Debugging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugging)

- [Rubber Duck Debugging](https://www.thoughtfulcode.com/rubber-duck-debugging-psychology/)

- [Pointers and arrays](https://alx-intranet.hbtn.io/concepts/60)

- [Data Structures](https://alx-intranet.hbtn.io/concepts/120)

- [C - Pointer to Pointer](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_pointer_to_pointer.htm)

- [C – Pointer to Pointer with example](https://beginnersbook.com/2014/01/c-pointer-to-pointer/)

- [Multi-dimensional Arrays in C](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_multi_dimensional_arrays.htm)

- [Two dimensional (2D) arrays in C programming with example](https://beginnersbook.com/2014/01/2d-arrays-in-c-example/)

- [What on Earth is Recursion?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv9NEXX1VHc)

- [C - Recursion](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_recursion.htm)

- [C Programming Tutorial 85, Recursion pt.1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGxbXMP6k8k)

- [C Programming Tutorial 86, Recursion pt.2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XiIS6HobNs)

- [Arguments to main](https://publications.gbdirect.co.uk//c_book/chapter10/arguments_to_main.html)

- [argc and argv](http://crasseux.com/books/ctutorial/argc-and-argv.html)

- [What does argc and argv mean?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aP1ijjeZc24)

- [how to compile with unused variables](https://www.google.com/webhp?q=unused+variable+C)

- [What Is A “C” Library? What Is It Good For?](https://docencia.ac.upc.edu/FIB/USO/Bibliografia/unix-c-libraries.html)

- [Creating A Static “C” Library Using “ar” and “ranlib”](https://docencia.ac.upc.edu/FIB/USO/Bibliografia/unix-c-libraries.html)

- [Using A “C” Library In A Program](https://docencia.ac.upc.edu/FIB/USO/Bibliografia/unix-c-libraries.html)

- [What is difference between Dynamic and Static library](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW5he5uFBNM)

- [0x0a - malloc & free - quick overview.pdf](https://s3.amazonaws.com/alx-intranet.hbtn.io/uploads/misc/2021/1/a094c90e7f466bbeaa49cb24c8f04e7f27aaad41.pdf?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIARDDGGGOUSBVO6H7D%2F20220711%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20220711T170046Z&X-Amz-Expires=86400&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=bd8153644bcf93d0dd5aafef681baa738dacba880c1ae7671f9b940c87538238)

- [Dynamic memory allocation in C - malloc calloc realloc free](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDVC3wKjS64)



### man or help:



- `gcc`

- `printf (3)`

- `puts`

- `putchar`



# Learning Objectives

At the end of this project, you are expected to be able to explain to anyone, without the help of Google:



## General



- Why C programming is awesome

- Who invented C

- Who are Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan and Linus Torvalds

- What happens when you type `gcc main.c`

- What is an entry point

- What is `main`

- How to print text using `printf`, `puts` and `putchar`

- How to get the size of a specific type using the nary operator `sizeof`

- How to compile using `gcc`

- What is the default program name when compiling with `gcc`

- What is the official C coding style and how to check your code with `betty-style`

- How to find the right header to include in your source code when using a standard library function

- How does the `main` function influence the return value of the program



# Copyright - Plagiarism



- You are tasked to come up with solutions for the tasks below yourself to meet with the above learning objectives.

- You will not be able to meet the objectives of this or any following project by copying and pasting someone else’s work.

- You are not allowed to publish any content of this project.

- Any form of plagiarism is strictly forbidden and will result in removal from the program.



# Requirements



## C



- Allowed editors: `vi`, `vim`, `emacs`

- All your files will be compiled on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using `gcc`, using the options `-Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic -std=gnu89`

- All your files should end with a new line

- A README.md file at the root of the repo, containing a description of the repository

- A README.md file, at the root of the folder of this project, containing a description of the project

- There should be no errors and no warnings during compilation

- You are not allowed to use `system`

- Your code should use the `Betty` style. It will be checked using `betty-style.pl` and `betty-doc.pl`



## Shell Scripts



- Allowed editors: `vi`, `vim`, `emacs`

- All your scripts will be tested on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

- All your scripts should be exactly two lines long (`$ wc -l file` should print 2)

- All your files should end with a new line

- The first line of all your files should be exactly `#!/bin/bash`



# More Info



## Betty linter



To run the Betty linter just with command `betty `:



- Go to the [Betty](https://github.com/holbertonschool/Betty) repository

- Clone the [repo](https://github.com/holbertonschool/Betty) to your local machine

- `cd` into the Betty directory

- Install the linter with `sudo ./install.sh`

- `emacs` or `vi` a new file called `betty`, and copy the script below:

```

#!/bin/bash

# Simply a wrapper script to keep you from having to use betty-style

# and betty-doc separately on every item.

# Originally by Tim Britton (@wintermanc3r), multiargument added by

# Larry Madeo (@hillmonkey)



BIN_PATH="/usr/local/bin"

BETTY_STYLE="betty-style"

BETTY_DOC="betty-doc"



if [ "$#" = "0" ]; then

    echo "No arguments passed."

    exit 1

fi



for argument in "$@" ; do

    echo -e "\n========== $argument =========="

    ${BIN_PATH}/${BETTY_STYLE} "$argument"

    ${BIN_PATH}/${BETTY_DOC} "$argument"

done

```

- Once saved, exit file and change permissions to apply to all users with `chmod a+x betty`

- Move the betty file into `/bin/` directory or somewhere else in your `$PATH` with `sudo mv betty /bin/`

- You can now type `betty ` to run the Betty linter!