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https://github.com/costineest/learn-enough-rails

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https://github.com/costineest/learn-enough-rails

book book-exercises michael-hartl rails rails-tutorial rails7 ror ruby ruby-on-rails ruby-tutorial

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README 

        
- https://aws.amazon.com/cloud9

- https://eu-south-1.console.aws.amazon.com/cloud9/home/product?ad=c&cp=bn&p=c9&region=eu-south-1#

- https://eu-south-1.console.aws.amazon.com/cloud9/ide/cf7e24b3df894167a884d128c4695a65



```bash

rvm get stable

```



```bash

rvm install 3.1.2

```



```bash

rvm --default use 3.1.2

```



```bash

echo "gem: --no-document" >> .gemrc

```



```bash

gem install rails -v 7.0.3

```



```bash

gem install bundler -v 2.3.15

```



```bash

source <(curl -sL https://cdn.learnenough.com/resize)

```



```bash

rails _7.0.3_ new hello_app --skip-bundle

```



- As of `Rails 6` and continuing in `Rails 7`, running `rails new` automatically initializes a Git repository:



```bash

rm -r hello_app/.git

```



- This would install the latest version of the `capybara` gem (which is used in testing) as long as it’s greater than or equal to version `3.26`—even if it’s, say, version `7.2`.



```bash

gem "capybara", ">= 3.26"

```



- This installs the gem `sqlite3` as long as it’s version `1.4` or newer (a “minor update”) but not `2` or newer (a “major update”). In other words, the `>=` notation always installs the latest gem as long as it meets the minimum version requirement, whereas the `~> 1.4` notation will install `1.5` (if available) but not `2.0`.



```bash

gem "sqlite3", "~> 1.4"

```



- https://github.com/learnenough/rails_tutorial_7th_edition_gemfiles



```bash

cd hello_app/ && bundle install

```



```bash

bin/rails server

```



- To view the result of `rails server` on a native OS, paste the URL http://localhost:3000 into the address bar of your browser. On the cloud IDE, go to `Preview` and click on `Preview Running Application` and then open it in a full browser window or tab (https://cf7e24b3df894167a884d128c4695a65.vfs.cloud9.eu-south-1.amazonaws.com).



- Look for all controllers available



```bash

ls app/controllers/*_controller.rb

```



- Example of how to define the route root:



```ruby

root "controller_name#action_name"

```



- Update Git on Cloud9:



```bash

source <(curl -sL https://cdn.learnenough.com/upgrade_git)

```



```bash

git config --global --list



credential.helper=!aws codecommit credential-helper $@

credential.usehttppath=true

core.editor=nano

```



- Configure the name and email fields for Git:



```bash

$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"

$ git config --global user.email [email protected]

```



- Define the default branch's name:



```bash

git config --global init.defaultBranch main

```



- Set up `git co` as a checkout alias:



```bash

git config --global alias.co checkout

```



- Configure Git to remember passwords for a set length of time:



```bash

git config --global credential.helper "cache --timeout=86400"

```



- Prevent the local installation of any production gems (which in this case consists of the `pg` gem):



```bash

bundle config

```



- Bundling without production gems:



```bash

bundle _2.3.14_ config set --local without 'production'

```



```bash

bundle _2.3.14_ install

```



```bash

bundle _2.3.14_ lock --add-platform x86_64-linux

```



- See if your system already has the Heroku command-line client installed:



```bash

heroku --version

```



- Install Heroku on the cloud IDE:



```bash

source <(curl -sL https://cdn.learnenough.com/heroku_install)

```



- https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/heroku-cli#install-the-heroku-cli



- On a native system:



```bash

heroku login

```



- On the cloud IDE:



```bash

heroku login --interactive



Email: 

Password: 

```



- Create and configure a new application at Heroku:



```bash

heroku create

```



- Push the main branch up to Heroku:



```bash

git push heroku main

```



- If something goes wrong, inspect the logs:



```bash

heroku logs

```



- Get info about the Heroku app, including the Web URL:



```bash

heroku apps:info

```



- https://young-badlands-92881.herokuapp.com

- https://www.learnenough.com/custom-domains



- Generate a random subdomain with Ruby:



```ruby

('a'..'z').to_a.shuffle[0..7].join

```



- Rename the application



```bash

heroku rename learn-enough-rails_hello-app

```



- https://learn-enough-rails-hello-app.herokuapp.com

- [David Heinemeier Hansson using scaffolding in Rails](https://youtu.be/Gzj723LkRJY)



```bash

rails new toy_app --skip-bundle

```



```bash

cd toy_app

```



```bash

bundle config set --local without 'production'

```



```bash

bundle install

```



- https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=EditorConfig.EditorConfig + https://stackoverflow.com/a/54696441/1904223 + https://youtu.be/_fcQDS1iTPw



```bash

toy_app/bin/rails s

```



```bash

git commit -am "Add hello"

```



```bash

heroku create

```



```bash

git push && git push heroku main

```



```bash

heroku rename learn-enough-rails-toy-app

```



- https://learn-enough-rails-toy-app.herokuapp.com + https://dashboard.heroku.com/apps/learn-enough-rails-toy-app



```bash

rails generate scaffold User name:string email:string

```



```bash

rails db:migrate

```



```bash

heroku run rails db:migrate

```



- The correspondence between pages and URLs for the Users resource:



| URL             | Action | Purpose                     |

| --------------- | ------ | --------------------------- |

| `/users`        | index  | page to list all users      |

| `/users/1`      | show   | page to show user with id 1 |

| `/users/new`    | new    | page to make a new user     |

| `/users/1/edit` | edit   | page to edit user with id 1 |



- RESTful routes provided by the Users resource:



| HTTP request method | URL             | Action | Purpose                     |

| ------------------- | --------------- | ------ | --------------------------- |

| GET                 | `/users`        | index  | page to list all users      |

| GET                 | `/users/1`      | show   | page to show user with id 1 |

| GET                 | `/users/new`    | new    | page to make a new user     |

| POST                | `/users`        | create | create a new user           |

| GET                 | `/users/1/edit` | edit   | page to edit user with id 1 |

| PATCH               | `/users/1`      | update | update user with id 1       |

| DELETE              | `/users/1`      | delete | delete user with id 1       |



```bash

rails generate scaffold Micropost content:text user_id:integer

```



```bash

rails db:migrate

```



- Undo a single migration step:



```bash

rails db:rollback

```



- Go all the way back to the beginning:



```bash

rails db:migrate VERSION=0

```



- Try to insert a text longer than 140 characters into the `Content` textarea at `http://127.0.0.1:3000/microposts/new` then submit the form.



```bash

cd toy_app && rails console

```



```ruby

User.first

```



```ruby

User.create!(name: 'Cos', email: '[email protected]')

```



```ruby

micropost = User.first.microposts.first

```

- The inheritance hierarchy for the User and Micropost models:



![The inheritance hierarchy for the User and Micropost models](https://softcover.s3.amazonaws.com/636/ruby_on_rails_tutorial_7th_edition/images/figures/demo_model_inheritance_4th_ed.png "The inheritance hierarchy for the User and Micropost models")



- The inheritance hierarchy for the Users and Microposts controllers:



![The inheritance hierarchy for the Users and Microposts controllers](https://softcover.s3.amazonaws.com/636/ruby_on_rails_tutorial_7th_edition/images/figures/demo_controller_inheritance.png "The inheritance hierarchy for the Users and Microposts controllers")



```ruby

rails new sample_app --skip-bundle

```



```ruby

rm -rf sample_app/.git

```

- [Download from Github using curl](https://gist.github.com/jwebcat/5122366?permalink_comment_id=3404474#gistcomment-3404474)



```bash

curl --location --remote-header-name https://raw.githubusercontent.com/learnenough/rails_tutorial_7th_edition_gemfiles/master/sample_app/Gemfile_initial --output sample_app/Gemfile

```

- Skip the `pg` gem for PostgreSQL in development and use SQLite for development and testing:



```bash

bundle config set --local without 'production'

```



```bash

bundle install

```



- https://github.com/learnenough/rails_tutorial_sample_app_7th_ed/blob/main/README.md

- [Easily include static pages in your Rails app](https://github.com/thoughtbot/high_voltage)



```bash

rails generate controller StaticPages home help

```

- The inheritance hierarchy for the Static Pages:



![The inheritance hierarchy for the Static Pages.](https://softcover.s3.amazonaws.com/636/ruby_on_rails_tutorial_7th_edition/images/figures/static_pages_controller_inheritance.png "The inheritance hierarchy for the Static Pages.")



- Undo the created controller:



```bash

rails destroy controller StaticPages home help

```



- Rails shortcuts:



| Full command     | Shortcut  |

| ---------------- | --------- |

| `rails server`   | `rails s` |

| `rails console`  | `rails c` |

| `rails generate` | `rails g` |

| `rails test`     | `rails t` |

| `bundle install` | `bundle`  |



- http://127.0.0.1:3000/static_pages/home

- http://127.0.0.1:3000/static_pages/help

- https://dhh.dk/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html



```bash

mv app/views/layouts/application.html.erb layout_file

```



- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27814500/ruby-on-rails-provide-vs-content-for



```bash

mv layout_file app/views/layouts/application.html.erb

```



- https://github.com/kern/minitest-reporters

- https://github.com/guard/guard

- https://www.railstutorial.org/guardfile



```bash

bundle exec guard init

```



```bash

curl --location --remote-header-name https://raw.githubusercontent.com/learnenough/rails_tutorial_sample_app_7th_ed/main/Guardfile --output Guardfile

```



```bash

bundle exec guard

```



- https://www.learnenough.com/ruby

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_type

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_layer

- [stylesheet_link_tag(*sources)](https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/AssetTagHelper.html#method-i-stylesheet_link_tag)

- https://www.learnenough.com/text-editor



```bash

nano ~/.irbrc

```



```bash

cat ~/.irbrc



IRB.conf[:PROMPT_MODE] = :SIMPLE

IRB.conf[:AUTO_INDENT_MODE] = false

```



```bash

rails console

```



```bash

curl -o app/assets/images/rails.svg -L https://cdn.learnenough.com/rails.svg

```



```bash

curl -OL https://cdn.learnenough.com/kitten.jpg

```



```bash

touch app/assets/stylesheets/custom.scss

```

- https://github.com/rails/sprockets/blob/main/guides/how_sprockets_works.md

- Inside of `sample_app\app\assets\stylesheets\application.css` the line `*= require_tree .` ensures that all CSS files in the `app/assets/stylesheets` directory (including the tree subdirectories) are included into the `application.css`. The line `*= require_self` specifies where in the loading sequence the CSS in `application.css` itself gets included.



- Route and URL mapping for site links:



| Page    | URL      | Named route  |

| ------- | -------- | ------------ |

| Home    | /        | root_path    |

| About   | /about   | about_path   |

| Help    | /help    | help_path    |

| Contact | /contact | contact_path |

| Sign up | /signup  | signup_path  |

| Log in  | /login   | login_path   |



-  Generate a template test, called 'site_layout':



```bash

rails generate integration_test site_layout

```



- https://www.rubydoc.info/gems/capybara/Capybara%2FNode%2FMatchers:assert_selector



```bash

rails test:integration

```



```bash

rails generate controller Users new

```



- https://github.com/heartcombo/devise#starting-with-rails



```bash

rails generate model User name:string email:string

```



```bash

rails db:migrate

```



- [DB Browser for SQLite](https://sqlitebrowser.org)



- Explore the data models is the Rails console:



```bash

rails console --sandbox

```



```ruby

user = User.new

```



```ruby

user.valid?

```



-  Save the User object to the database:



```ruby

user.save

```



- Find User by id:



```ruby

User.find(1)

```



- Active Record allows to find users by specific attributes:



```ruby

User.find_by(email: '[email protected]')

```



```ruby

User.first

```



```ruby

User.first

```



```ruby

user.email = "[email protected]"

```



```ruby

user.email = "[email protected]"

```



```ruby

user.save

```



```ruby

user.reload.email

```



```ruby

user.update(name: "The Dude", email: "[email protected]")

```



```bash

rails test:models

```



```bash

rails console --sandbox

```



```ruby

user = User.new(name: "", email: "[email protected]")



user.valid?



user.errors.full_messages

```



- [Rubular: a Ruby regular expression editor](https://rubular.com)



```bash

rails generate migration add_index_to_users_email

```



```bash

rails db:migrate

```



- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function



```bash

rails generate migration add_password_digest_to_users password_digest:string

```



- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcrypt

- https://github.com/bcrypt-ruby/bcrypt-ruby



```bash

bundle install

```



- Creating and authenticating a user:



```bash

rails console

```



```ruby

User.create(name: "Cos tin", email: "[email protected]", password: "testingPwd", password_confirmation: "testingPwd")

```



```ruby

User.find_by(email: '[email protected]').password_digest

```



```ruby

User.find_by(email: '[email protected]').authenticate('wrongPwd')

```



```ruby

User.find_by(email: '[email protected]').authenticate('testingPwd')

```



```ruby

!!User.find_by(email: '[email protected]').authenticate('testingPwd')

```



- Rails comes equipped with three environments: `test`, `development`, and `production`. The default environment for the Rails console is `development`.



- To run a console in a different environment (to debug a test, for example), you can pass the environment as an option to the console `script`:



```bash

rails console --environment test

```



- If you have deployed your sample app to Heroku, you can see its environment using `heroku run rails console`.



```ruby

puts User.find_by(email: '[email protected]').attributes.to_yaml

```

or



```ruby

y User.find_by(email: '[email protected]').attributes

```



- A `Users` resource:



```ruby

User.count

```



```ruby

User.first

```



- [rdbg](https://blog.kiprosh.com/advanced-features-provided-by-new-debug-gem) + http://atdot.net/~ko1/activities/2021_rubyconf.pdf + https://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/debugging_rails_applications.html#entering-a-debugging-session



```ruby

(rdbg) @user.name

"Cos tin"

(rdbg) @user.email

"[email protected]"

(rdbg)

```



- [Gravatar URLs are based on an MD5 hash of the user's email address](http://en.gravatar.com/site/implement/hash)

- https://rubyapi.org/3.1/o/digest/md5

- https://rubyapi.org/3.1/o/string#method-i-downcase

- https://rubyapi.org/3.1/o/string#method-i-strip

- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/String.html#method-i-squish



```bash

rails console

```



```ruby

user = User.first



user.update(name: 'Constantin', email: "[email protected]", password: "parolaDemo", password_confirmation: 'parolaDemo')

```



- https://thoughtbot.com/upcase/videos/ruby-keyword-arguments

- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/FormHelper.html#method-i-form_with

- Soft-deprecated:

  - https://guides.rubyonrails.org/form_helpers.html#using-form-tag-and-form-for

  - https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/25197

  - https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/FormHelper.html#method-i-form_for

  - https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/FormTagHelper.html#method-i-form_tag

- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/941594/understanding-the-rails-authenticity-token

- http://www.railsstatuscodes.com/unprocessable_entity.html

- https://guides.rubyonrails.org/layouts_and_rendering.html#the-status-option

- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/Parameters.html#method-i-require

- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/Parameters.html#method-i-permit

- http://127.0.0.1:3000/signup?admin=1



```ruby

user = User.new(name: "The coder", email: "mail@void", password: "ruby", password_confirmation: "ruby")



user.save



user.errors.full_messages

```



- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Associations/CollectionProxy.html#method-i-any-3F

- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/Associations/CollectionProxy.html#method-i-empty-3F

- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/TextHelper.html#method-i-pluralize



```bash

rails generate integration_test users_signup

```



- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/Redirecting.html#method-i-redirect_to

- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionDispatch/Flash.html



- Reset the database:



```bash

rails db:migrate:reset

```



- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveSupport/Testing/Assertions.html#method-i-assert_difference

- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/TagHelper.html#method-i-content_tag

- [SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is now TLS (Transport Layer Security)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security)

- https://www.learnenough.com/custom-domains

- https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/deploying-rails-applications-with-the-puma-web-server

- https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/getting-started-with-rails6



- Production deployment:

```bash

rails test

git add -A

git commit -m "Use SSL and the Puma web server in production"

git push && git push heroku

heroku run rails db:migrate

```



- How to reset the production database:



```bash

heroku pg:reset DATABASE

heroku run rails db:migrate

```



- [URL for the production version of chapter 7 (sign up)](https://safe-spire-86804.herokuapp.com)



- Generate the Sessions controller:



```bash

rails generate controller Sessions new

```



```bash

rails routes -c users

   Prefix Verb   URI Pattern               Controller#Action

   signup GET    /signup(.:format)         users#new

    users GET    /users(.:format)          users#index

          POST   /users(.:format)          users#create

 new_user GET    /users/new(.:format)      users#new

edit_user GET    /users/:id/edit(.:format) users#edit

     user GET    /users/:id(.:format)      users#show

          PATCH  /users/:id(.:format)      users#update

          PUT    /users/:id(.:format)      users#update

          DELETE /users/:id(.:format)      users#destroy

```



```bash

rails routes -c sessions

      Prefix Verb   URI Pattern             Controller#Action

sessions_new GET    /sessions/new(.:format) sessions#new

       login GET    /login(.:format)        sessions#new

             POST   /login(.:format)        sessions#create

      logout DELETE /logout(.:format)       sessions#destroy

```



```bash

curl -I http://127.0.0.1:3000 | grep Set-Cookie

```



- https://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html#session-storage

- https://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html#replay-attacks-for-cookiestore-sessions

- https://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_controller_overview.html#session

- https://github.com/rails/activerecord-session_store

- https://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActiveRecord/FinderMethods.html#method-i-find_by



```bash

rails generate integration_test users_login

```



- [Session replay attack](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html#session-hijacking)

- https://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html#session-fixation