https://github.com/denezt/java-coding-examples
Java Programming and Design Examples
https://github.com/denezt/java-coding-examples
Last synced: 9 months ago
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Java Programming and Design Examples
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/denezt/java-coding-examples
- Owner: denezt
- Created: 2016-02-22T01:24:15.000Z (over 9 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2023-12-30T08:16:36.000Z (almost 2 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-01-08T17:58:04.774Z (10 months ago)
- Language: Java
- Homepage:
- Size: 50.8 KB
- Stars: 2
- Watchers: 2
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Security: SECURITY.md
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README
# Java-Sessions
Java Programming and Computational Design
date: 2013-06-01 00:34:15
name: Computer Science 046 | factsheets
---
# Factsheets
**Variables**
Variable_Declaration
Comment
Note
int age = 21;
This declares an integer variable and initializes it to 21.
Recommended
int nextAge = age + 1;
The initial value of a variable can be an expression (as long as age has been previously declared.)
Recommended
String course= "Udacity";
The variable has type String and is assigned an initial value of "Udacity".
Recommended
score= 80;
ERROR: the type is required. This statement will not declare a variable. It is an assignment statement which assigns a new value to an existing variable.
NOT Recommended
int age= "42";
ERROR: You cannot initialize a number with a String. "42" is a String. See the quotation marks.
NOT Recommended
int age;
This declares an integer variable without initializing it. It is best to initialize variables when they are created: int age = 0; If you do not know what value you want yet
----
Naming Rule
Example
Names must consist of letters, numbers, an underscore, or a dollar sign only.
score_1
Don't use single letter variable name as you do in mathematics. While it is legal in Java, it is usually not a good idea because it can make programs harder to understand. (you will encounter a couple of exceptions later)
a
WARNING: Names are case sensitive. Note that by convention, variable names start with a lowercase letter
FinalGrade, finalGrade, and FINALGRADE are all different variables
ERROR Names cannot start with a number.
7up
ERROR. You cannot use a reserved word as a name.
int
ERROR: You cannot use special characters such as * or & in names.
m&m
ERROR: Names cannot contain spaces.
final grade
**Number Types**
Type
Range
Size
int (integer)
–2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647(~2.14 billion)
4 bytes
short (integer)
-32,768 to 32,767
2 bytes
long (integer)
–9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
8 bytes
byte
-128 to 127
1 byte
double(double-precision floating point)
range of about + or - 10^308
8 bytes
float(single-precision floating point)
range of about + or - 10^38 & about 7 significant decimal places
4 bytes
char
represents a Unicode character
2 bytes
boolean
has only 2 possible values: true or false
1 bit
Number Literals
Description
Examples
int
An integer has no fractional part and can be positive, negative, or 0.
5,-100,0
double
A number with fractional part
1.7, 1.0, 2.4E5, 3.47E-2
ERROR
Do not use a comma to separate thousands
1,000,000
ERROR
Do not use a fraction. Use a decimal instead.
3 1/4
**Integer Arithmetic**
Expression
Value (when n =2497)
Description
n/10
249
Notice that the answer is an integer with no decimal part.
n % 10
7
Always the last digit of n
n /100
24
Again, decimal part is discarded. Removes the last 2 digits.
n % 100
97
The last two digits.
n % 2
1
If n % 2 is 0 the number is even. Otherwise it is odd.
**Math Functions**
Method
Return Value
Math.sqrt (n)
Square root of n ( if n is > or = to 0)
Math.pow(a,b)
a^b( if a = 0, b must be >0)
Math.sin(n)
Sine of n where n is in radians
Math.cos(n)
Cosine of n where n is in radians
Math.tan(n)
Tangent of n where n is in radians
Math.round(n)
closest integer to n as a long
Math.ceil(n)
smallest integer > or = to n as a double
Math.floor(n)
largest integer < or = to n as a double
Math.toRadians(n)
Converts n degrees to radians
Math.toDegrees(n)
Converts n radians to degrees
Math.abs(n)
Absolute value of n |n|
Math.max(a,b)
The larger of a and b
Math.min(a,b)
The smaller of a and b
Math.exp(n)
e^n
Math.log(n)
natural log of n
Math.log10(n)
Base 10 log of n
**String Formatting**
Code
In an Example
Type
What It Prints
d
"%4d"
Decimal integer
123
x
"%x"
Hexadecimal integer
7A
o
"%o"
Octal integer
173
f
"%5.2f"
Fixed floating-point
12.30
e
"%e"
Exponential (very large or small) floating-point
1.23e+1
g
"%3.2g"
General (medium sized) floating-point
12.3
s
"%s"
String
Tax:
n
"%n" or "\n"
Line end
**Format Flags**
Flag
In an Example
Meaning
What It Prints
-
"%-6d"
Align left
an integer that takes 6 spaces and starts in the first one
0
"%07.2f"
Show leading zeroes
0001.23
+
"%+7.2f"
Show a plus sign for positive numbers
+1.23
(
"%(6.2f"
Enclose negative numbers in parentheses
-1.23 would look like (1.23)
,
"%,10d"
Show decimal separators
12,300
^
"%^s"
convert letters to uppercase
"tax:" would print as "TAX:"
**Strings**
Example_Code_For_String_Methods
Result
Other info
String str = "Java ";
str = str + "Programming"
str is assigned the value "Java Programming"
The + sign is used to concatenate Strings
String answer = "Total: " + 42;
answer is set to "Total: 42"
Because "Total: " is a string 42 is converted to a string and then the concatenation takes place
String name = "Sara T";
int len = name.length();
len is set to 6
The number of characters in a string. A space counts as a character
String city = "San Jose";
String sub = city.substring(1, 3);
sub is set to "an"
Takes the substring starting at position 1 and ending before position 3
String city = "San Jose";
String first = city.substring(0, 1);
first is set to "S"
Gets the first character. The substring has length 1
String city = "San Jose";
String sub = city.substring(4);"
sub is set to "Jose"
If you only supply one parameter, the substring consists of all characters from that position until the end of the String
String city = "San Jose";
String last = city.substring(city.length() - 1);
returns the string containing the last letter in the string ("e") and assigns it to last
str.substring(str.length() - 1) will always give you the last character as a String
String city = "San Jose";
int index = city.indexOf("Jose")
index is set to 4
returns the index where "Jose" starts
String city = "Santa Barbara";
int index = city.lastIndexOf("a")
index is set to 12
returns the index of the last "a" in the string
String cityWithTypo = "Son Jose";
String cityCorrected = cityWithTypo.replace("Son","San");
Changes all ocurrences of "Son" to "San" in cityWithTypo and put the result in cityCorrected
Will also worked the following ("So","Sa");
String sentence = "Joseph is in San Jose";
int index = sentence.indexOf("Jose", 2)
index is set to 17
indexOf returns the index where "Jose" starts. When an index position is supplied as the second argument (2 in this case), search will begin AFTER that index
Common Loop Algorithms
======================
Sum
-------
total = 0
for each item
total = total + input
Counting Matches
----------------
matches = 0
for each item
if the item matches
matches = matches + 1
Finding the Location of the First Match
----------------
found = false
position = 0
while it's not found, and there are more items
if the item at position matches
found = true
else
position = position + 1
if the item was found
its location is position
Maximum
-----------
largest = the first item
for all the items except the first
if the current item is larger than largest
replace the value in largest with the current item
Last Update: 21.08.2021